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Clinohumite

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Koksha Valley (Kokscha Valley; Kokcha Valley), Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts, Badakhshan Province (Badakshan Province; Badahsan Province), Afghanistan
© Rob Lavinsky

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Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(F,OH)
 
2
System:MonoclinicHardness:6
Member of:Humite Group
Name:In allusion to its monoclinic crystal structure and relationship to humite, which was named after Sir Abraham Hume (1749-1838), English connoisseur and collector of gems, minerals and artwork.


Humite Group.

Fluorine analogue of Hydroxylclinohumite.

Classification of Clinohumite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/B.04-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AF.55

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:52.3.2d.1

52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
Hey's CIM Ref.:17.1.12

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
1 : Silicates with fluoride (not containing Al)
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Type Occurrence of Clinohumite

Type Locality:Monte Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples Province, Campania, Italy
Year of Discovery:1876

Physical Properties of Clinohumite

Hardness (Mohs):6

Crystallography of Clinohumite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 13.71Å, b = 4.75Å, c = 10.29Å
β = 100.83°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.886 : 1 : 2.166
Unit Cell Volume:V 658.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Crystal Atlas:
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Clinohumite no.27 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Clinohumite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.623 - 1.702 nβ = 1.636 - 1.709 nγ = 1.651 - 1.728
2V:Measured: 52° to 90°, Calculated: 64° to 88°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.028

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:weak

Chemical Properties of Clinohumite

Formula:
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(F,OH)
 
2
Essential elements:F, Mg, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:F, Fe, H, Mg, O, Si
Common Impurities:Ti,Al,Mn,Ca

Relationship of Clinohumite to other Species

Member of:Humite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Alleghanyite
Mn
2+
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Chegemite
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
Chondrodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
Humite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
Hydroxylchondrodite
Mg
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Hydroxylclinohumite
Mg
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2
Jerrygibbsite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
Kumtyubeite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
F
 
2
Leucophoenicite
Mn
2+
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
Norbergite
Mg
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
2
Reinhardbraunsite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
Ribbeite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
Sonolite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2
Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
F
 
2
Unnamed (F-analogue of Chegemite)
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.AF.05Sillimanite
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O
9.AF.10Andalusite
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O
9.AF.10Kanonaite
Mn
3+
 
Al(SiO
 
4
)O
9.AF.15Kyanite
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O
9.AF.20Mullite
Al
 
4+2x
Si
 
2-2x
O
 
10-x
9.AF.20Krieselite
(Al,Ga)
 
2
(GeO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
9.AF.23Boromullite
Al
 
9
BSi
 
2
O
 
19
9.AF.25Yoderite
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
O(OH)
9.AF.30Magnesiostaurolite
(Mg,Li,Fe
2+
 
)
 
1.5-2
Al
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
6
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.30Staurolite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Zn)
 
1.5-2
Al
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
6
(OH,O)
 
2
9.AF.30Zincostaurolite
(Zn,Li,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
1.5-2
Al
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
6
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.35Topaz
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.40Norbergite
Mg
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.45Alleghanyite
Mn
2+
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.45Chondrodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.45Reinhardbraunsite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
2
9.AF.45Kumtyubeite
Ca
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
F
 
2
9.AF.45Hydroxylchondrodite
Mg
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.50Humite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
9.AF.50Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.50Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)
Ca
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
F
 
2
9.AF.55Sonolite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2
9.AF.55Hydroxylclinohumite
Mg
 
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2
9.AF.60Leucophoenicite
Mn
2+
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.65Ribbeite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.70Jerrygibbsite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
9.AF.75Franciscanite
Mn
2+
6
(V
5+
 
,☐)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
9.AF.75Örebroite
Mn
2+
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Sb
5+
 
)(SiO
 
4
)(O,OH)
 
3
9.AF.75Welinite
Mn
2+
6
(W
6+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
9.AF.80Ellenbergerite
Mg
 
6
(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)
 
2
(Al,Mg)
 
6
Si
 
8
O
 
28
(OH)
 
10
9.AF.85Chloritoid
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
9.AF.85Magnesiochloritoid
MgAl
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
9.AF.85Ottrélite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)Al
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
9.AF.90Poldervaartite
CaCa(HSiO
 
4
)(OH)
9.AF.90Olmiite
CaMn
2+
 
(HSiO
 
4
)(OH)
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
17.1.1Hectorite
Na
 
0.3
(Mg,Li)
 
3
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.3Agrellite
NaCa
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
10
F
17.1.4Apophyllite-(NaF)
NaCa
 
4
(Si
 
8
O
 
20
)F · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.5Apophyllite-(KF)
KCa
 
4
(Si
 
8
O
 
20
)(F,OH) · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.6Apophyllite-(KOH)
KCa
 
4
(Si
 
8
O
 
20
)(OH,F) · 8H
 
2
O
17.1.7Hsianghualite
Ca
 
3
Li
 
2
(Be
 
3
Si
 
3
O
 
12
)F
 
2
17.1.8Leucophanite
NaCaBeSi
 
2
O
 
6
F
17.1.9Norbergite
Mg
 
3
(SiO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.10Chondrodite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.11Humite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.13Canasite
K
 
2
Na
 
4
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
(OH,F)
 
4
17.1.14Charoite
(K,Na)
 
6-7
(Ca,Na)
 
18
[(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(Si
 
18
O
 
45
)](OH,F)
 
2
 · n H
 
2
O
17.1.15Cuspidine
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(F,OH)
 
2
17.1.16Bultfonteinite
Ca
 
2
(HSiO
 
4
)F · H
 
2
O
17.1.17Zeophyllite
Ca
 
4
Si
 
3
O
 
8
(OH,F)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
17.1.18Rowlandite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)
 
4
Fe
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
F
 
2
 (?)
17.1.19Yuksporite
(K,Ba)NaCa
 
2
(Si,Ti)
 
4
O
 
11
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
17.1.20Yftisite-(Y)
(Y,Dy,Er)
 
4
(Ti,Sn)(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
O(F,OH)
 
6
17.1.21Mosandrite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(REE)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
OF
 
3
17.1.22Hiortdahlite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(O,OH,F)
 
2
17.1.23Burpalite
Na
 
2
CaZr(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)F
 
2
17.1.24Seidozerite
Na
 
8
Mn
2+
2
Zr
 
3
Ti
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
4
O
 
4
F
 
4
17.1.25Thorosteenstrupine
CaMnThSi
 
4
O
 
11
(OH)F · 6H
 
2
O
17.1.26Zircophyllite
(K,Na)
 
3
(Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
7
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
Si
 
8
O
 
24
(O,OH,F)
 
7
17.1.27Jinshajiangite
BaNaFe
2+
4
Ti
 
2
(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
F
17.1.28Rosenbuschite
(Ca,Na)
 
3
(Zr,Ti)(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)OF
17.1.29Narsarsukite
Na
 
4
(Ti,Fe)
 
2
[Si
 
8
O
 
20
](O,OH,F)
 
2
17.1.30Sonolite
Mn
2+
9
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
2

Other Names for Clinohumite

Other Languages:
German:Clinohumit
Klinohumit
Russian:Клиногумит
Simplified Chinese:斜硅镁石
Spanish:Clinohumita
Varieties:
Titanclinohumite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Clinohumite

Reference List:

- +
American Mineralogist (1973): 58: 43-49.

V.M. Gekimyants, E.V. Sokolova, E.M. Spiridonov, G. Ferraris, N.V. Chukanov, M. Prencipe, V.N. Avdonin, Yu.A. Polenov (1999): Hydroxylclinohumite Mg9(SiO4)4(OH,F)2 - a new mineral of the humite group. Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva (1999): 128(5): 64-70.

FERRARIS, G., PRENCIPE, M., SOKOLOVA, E.V., GEKIMYANTS, V.M., SPIRIDONOV, E.M. (2000): Hydroxylclinohumite, a new member of the humite group: Twinning, crystal structure and crystal chemistry of the clinohumite subgroup. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 215, 169-173.

Langer, K., Platonov, A.N., Matsyuk, S.S., and Wildner, M. (2002) The crystal chemistry of the humite minerals Fe 2+ - Ti 4+ charge transfer and structural allocation of Ti 4+ in chondrodite and clinohumite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 14: 1027-1032.

Internet Links for Clinohumite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Clinohumite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Clinohumite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Badakhshan Province (Badakshan Province; Badahsan Province)
      • Ishkashim District
    		Aymeric Longi bought material from this location
      • Khash & Kuran Wa Munjan Districts
        • Koksha Valley (Kokscha Valley; Kokcha Valley)
    		Dudley Blauwet priv. comm.(2008), RWMW collection
          • Sar-e Sang (Sar Sang; Sary Sang)
    		Weiss, S. (2009): Lapis 34 (12): 6
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land)
        • Sør Rondane Mts
    Australia
     
    • Tasmania
      • Waratah district
        • Waratah
    		Bottrill, unpub.
      • Zeehan district
        • Mt Heemskirk mineral field
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Saualpe Mts
        • Reisberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Mostviertel
        • Dunkelstein Forest
          • Dunkelsteinerwald
            • Kochholz
    		Erwin Löffler & Gerald Knobloch collections
    Knobloch, G. (2004): Unverhofft kommt oft - die Entdeckung einer unbekannten kleinen Sphalerit-Lagerstätte im Dunkelsteinerwald, Niederösterreich. Mineralien-Welt, 15 (1), 28-33. ; Kolitsch, U. & Gröbner, J. (2008)
      • Waldviertel
        • Persenbeug-Gottsdorf
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2007): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVI. Carinthia II, 197/117, 149-190.
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Fusch valley
          • Brennkogel Mt. area
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Stubach valley
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Styria
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Deutschlandsberg
          • Wildbachgraben
    		Aufschluss 1972(SB), 43-47
      • Weiz
        • Stubenberg am See
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Bernhard, F. & Leikauf, B. (2007); Tropper, P. et al. (2001, 2007); http://www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com/polishedslabs.html
    • Tyrol
      • East Tyrol
        • Kals valley
          • Dorf valley
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
        • Virgen valley
          • Umbal valley
            • Islitz Alp
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • North Tyrol
        • Ziller valley
          • Schlegeis valley (Schlegeisgrund)
    		G. Franz, D. Ackermann, E. Koch: Amer. Mineral. 66:872-877 (1981)
    Brazil
     
    • Paraíba
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Catingueira
    		Souza Neto, J.A., Legrand, J.M., Volfinger, M., Pascal, M.-L., and Sonnet, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 185-205.
    • São Paulo
      • Cajati
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; American Mineralogist, Volume 93, pages 81–87, 2008
    Bulgaria
     
    • Blagoevgrad Oblast
      • Pirin Mts
        • Bayuvi dupki
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Hastings Co.
        • Faraday Township
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • Québec
      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
        • Témiscamingue RCM
          • Les Lacs-du-Témiscamingue
    		Strübel, Zimmer: "Lexikon der Minerale", 2nd Ed., 1991
      • Laurentides
        • Antoine-Labelle RCM
          • Notre-Dame-du-Laus
    		Van Velthuizen, J. V. (1993): The Parker Mine, Notre Dame du Laus (Québec). Mineralogical Record, 24(5): 369-373.
      • Outaouais
        • Les Collines-de-l'Outaouais RCM
          • Chelsea
    		Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 41
    Sabina, A.P. (1987) Rocks & Minerals for the collector; Hull-Maniwaki, Quebec, Ottawa-Peterborough, Ontario. GSC Misc. Report 41, 34-35 p.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Anqing Prefecture
        • Qianshan Co.
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Am. Min. , V 84, pp. 564-569, 1999.
      • Huaibei Prefecture
        • Suixi Co.
          • Sanpu ore field
    		Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
    Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
      • Tongling Prefecture
        • Tongling Mining District
          • Tongguanshan ore field
    		Junwu Lu and Yuanfa Xia (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(3), 29-31
    • Heilongjiang Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Heihe Prefecture
        • Xunke Co.
    		http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of03-220/DATABASE/lode_deposits.txt
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Lianyungang Prefecture
        • Donghai Co.
          • Maobei
    		Liu Xiangwen, Jin Zhenmin, Qu Jing, and Wang Lu (2005): ExsolScience in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 48(9), 1368-1376.
          • Zhimafang
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Tianfu Li, Jingsui Yang, and Ruyuan Zhang (2006): 3rd Annual Meeting of the Asia Oceania Geosciences Society (AOGS), July 10-14, 2006, Abstract 59-SE-A0247.
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Huludao Prefecture
        • Lianshan District
    		Wenwei Lin (1987): Mineral Deposits 6(1), 22-34
      • Liaodong Peninsula
        • Dalian Prefecture
          • Zhuanghe Co.
    		Matsuda, K. (1969) Copper-bearing contact deposits of Hua-tung-kou, Fu Hsien, Feng-tien province, Manchuria (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, vol. 2, pp 414-422, Tokyo University Press).
    • Shandong Province
      • Jiaodong Peninsula (Jiaodong Gold Province)
        • Weihai Prefecture
          • Rongcheng Co.
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] http://www.ngu.no/FileArchive/165/2003_055.pdf Geological Survey of Norway / The Alice Wain Memorial West Norway Eclogite Field Symposium / Abstract Volume.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Plzeň Region
        • Klatovy (Klattau)
          • Horažďovice
            • Hejná
    		Hofmanovi P. a R.: Mineralizace vápencového lomu na vrcholu Radvanka u Hejné. Minerál, 2010, 18, 3, 201-211.
    Černý, P., Vítovec, J.: Minerály ložisek Rabí a Rabí - Lišná u Sušice. Minerál, 2001, roč. 9, č. 2, s. 139-142.
      • South Bohemia Region
        • Strakonice
    		Litochleb, J. et al.: Korund ze skapolitem bohaté vápenatosilikátové horniny v moldanubických mramorech u Krtů na Strakonicku. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 169-172.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • South Moravia Region
        • Oslavany
    		Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
        • Znojmo
    		Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Nové Město na Moravě
    		Pauliš, P: Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Moravy a Slezska. Kutná Hora: Kuttna, 2001, s. 29-30.
        • Třebíč
    		Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
    Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
    Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
    Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
    Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
        • Velké Meziříčí
    		Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
    Němec, D: Výskyt minerálů humitové skupiny v Českém masívu. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae naturales, 1971-72, roč. LVI-LVII, s. 41-46.
    Finland
     
    • Southern Finland Province
      • Lappeenranta
    		No reference listed
    • Western Finland Province
      • Turku-Pori
    No reference listed
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Céret
          • Prats de Mollo-La Preste (Prats de Molló-La Presta)
    		Dubru. M, (1986) Pétrologie et géochimie du marbre à brucite et des borates associés au gisement de tungstène de Costabonne, (Pyrénées orientales, France) 930p
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Tarascon-sur-Ariège
    		Queneau Patrice collection
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Lower Bavaria
        • Bavarian Forest
          • Hauzenberg
            • Kropfmühl-Untergriesbach Graphite Mining District
              • Kropfmühl
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
              • Pfaffenreuth
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Daun
          • Üdersdorf
    		Blass, G., Graf, HW., Krause, W., Klinohumit vom Emmelberg - ein Erstfund für die Eifel, Mineralien-Welt 5/1994
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Pöhla
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greenland
     
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		MinRec 16:485-494
    India
     
    • Tamil Nadu
      • Tirunelveli District
    		Journ. of Metamorphic Geology 19:395 (July, 2001)
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Ayas Valley
        • Ayas
          • Champoluc
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] De Michele, V., 1974. Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, vol.1, pp. 14-18
      • Châtillon
    		Pelloux, A. (1946): Mineralogy of Aosta Valley. Rend. soc. mineral. ital. 3, 188-206.
      • Cogne Valley
        • Cogne
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] C.M. Gramaccioli (1975)-Minerali alpini e Prealpini-Edizioni Atlas Bergamo
      • Emarese
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Del Caldo A.,Moro C.,Gramaccioli C.M.,Boscardin M.-Guida ai Minerali-Fratelli Fabbri Editori (1973)
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		[Phil.Mag.,London (1876) 2, 286; Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23,58]
            • Ercolano
              • San Vito
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
            • Pollena - Trocchia area
    		luigi mattei
    • Latium
      • Viterbo Province
        • Vico Lake
    		No reference listed
    • Liguria
      • Genova Province
        • Genova
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Bregaglia Valley
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 701-714.
        • Malenco Valley
          • Chiesa in Valmalenco
            • Braccia Mt
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Mariani P., Scaini G.: "I minerali d'Italia" - Rizzoli, 1978 and A. Del Caldo, C. Del Moro, C.M. Gramaccioli, M. Boscardin M. "Guida ai Minerali" Fabbri ed. Milano, 1981 and De Michele V. (1975) – Guida Mineralogica d’Italia – Ist. Geogr. De Agostini, Novara
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
          • Lanterna Valley
            • Campo Franscia
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
        • Novate Mezzola
          • Codera Valley
    		Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Ala Valley
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Gramaccioli, C.M. (1975). Minerali alpini e prealpini. Istituto Italiano Edizioni Atlas, Bergamo, 2 vol.
    [var: Titanclinohumite] Gramaccioli, C.M. (1975). Minerali alpini e prealpini. Istituto Italiano Edizioni Atlas, Bergamo, 2 vol.
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
    		Prete, R. (1995): L'amiantifera di S. Vittore, Balangero, Torino. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 4/1995, 313-333.
        • Susa Valley
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Giudicarie Valley
          • Breguzzo
            • San Pietro-Breguzzo Valley
              • Malga Trivena hut
    		Giere, R. & Williams, C.T. (1992)
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Gifu Prefecture
          • Ibigawa-cho
            • Kasuga-mura
    		Excalibur Mineral Co. specimens
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Miyako City
            • Neichi mine
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Akmola Province (Aqmola Oblysy; Akmolinskaya Oblast')
      • Prirechnoye
        • Lake Kumdikol (Lake Kumdykol'; Ozero Kumdykol')
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Tectonophysics [T] T21A-0501 0800h http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm04/fm04-sessions/fm04_T21A.html
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region
        • Betafo District
          • Andrembesoa Commune
            • Ampanivana area
    		Knut Edvard Larsen collection
    http://rruff.info/clinohumite/
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Urique
        • Piedras Verde (Piedras Verdes)
    		http://www.diabras.com/en/bolivar_field_reports.php
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Swakopmund District
        • Arandis
    		Werner & Marianne Teich collection
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Otjiwarongo District
    		A. Wohlschläger, U. Kolitsch and E. Libowitzky (2001): Large "gahnites" from near Okahua, Namibia: only Fe- and Zn-bearing spinels. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 146, 323.
    North Korea
     
    • North Hwanghae Province
      • Suan-gun
    		Handbook of Mineralogy, v5
    Watanabe, T. : Boron mineral resources in Korea (in: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Far East, University of Tokyo Press, 1969)
    • South Hamgyong Province
    		Satou, S. (1933) Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute, sect. 2, vol. 1, 17-24.
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Arendal
        • Arendal Iron Mines
          • Øyestad
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 147
    • Nordland
      • Bø i Vesterålen
    		Vogt (1910 and 1912); Neumann (1985, p. 128).
    • Svalbard
      • Spitsbergen
        • Albert I. Land
    		Knut Eldjarn specimens; Kjærnet, T. (2000): Minerallokaliteter på Svalbard. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 17: 12-18
    • Troms
      • Kvæfjord (Kvaefjord)
        • Hinnøya
    		Bøe, P. (1997): Boratmineralet ludwigitt i høymetamorf marmor i Vesterålen. STEIN 24 (3), 130-136
    • Vest-Agder
      • Kristiansand
        • Kalkheia
    		BARTH, T.F.W. (1925): On contact minerals from Pre-Cambrian limestones in Southern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 8, 93-114. BARTH, T.F.W. (1928): Kalk- und Skarngesteine im Urgebirge bei Kristiansand. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Beilageband 57A, 1069-1108.
    Pakistan
     
    • Gilgit-Baltistan (Northern Areas)
      • Gilgit District
    		Collection of NHM, Vienna
    Romania
     
    • Bihor Co.
      • Nucet
    		www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009)
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krasnoyarsk Kray; Krasnoyarskii Krai)
        • Maimecha and Kotui Rivers Basin
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
      • Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e)
        • Irkutskaya Oblast'
          • Lake Baikal area
            • Slyudyanka (Sludyanka)
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
    Pavel M. Kartashov data
        • Polar Yakutia
          • Dogdo River Basin
            • Tas-Khayakhtakh Range
              • Izvestkovyi Stream
    		Galuskina I.O., Kadiyski M., Armbruster T., Galuskin E.V., Pertsev N.N., Dzierzanowski P., Wrzalik R. (2008) A new natural phase in the system Mg2SiO4-Mg2BO3F-Mg2BO3(OH): composition, paragenesis and structure of OH-dominant pertsevite, - Eur. J. Mineral., 20, p. 951-964.
    Rudnev, V.V., Chukanov, N.V., Nechelyustov, G.N., Yamnova, N.A. (2007): Hydroxylborite, Mg3(BO3)(OH)3, a new mineral, and the isomorphous fluoborite-hydroxylborite series. Proceedings of the Russian Mineralogical Society, 136(1), 69-82.; http://maurice.strahlen.org/yakutia/yakutia.htm
        • Verkhoyansk
          • Yana River Basin
            • Dogdo river
    		W. Schreyer et al. (2003) Eur. Journ. Mineral. 15, 1007-1018
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Kovdor Massif
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
          • Turii Cape
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/tury.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
          • Ilmen Mts
            • Ilmen Natural Reserve
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 39, pp. 1095-1104 (2001)
    South Africa
     
    • KwaZulu-Natal Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Goesan-gun (Koesan-gun)
        • Yonpung-myon
          • Chil-li
    		Kinosaki, Y. (1941) Jour. Min. Soc. Korea, v. 24, no. 10.
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Málaga
        • Ojén
          • Sierra Blanca
    		Romero Silva, JC (2003). Minerales y Rocas de la provincia de Malaga, Diputación de Málaga, 318 pp. .
    Sweden
     
    • Södermanland
      • Nynäshamn
    		Gustafsson, Lars & Otter, Bertil (1991): Mineralförekomster i Stockholmstrakten.Del 2. STEIN 18(4),4-12
    • Uppland
      • Norrtälje
        • Väddö
    		Wilke, H.-J. (1997): Die Mineralien und Fundstellen von Schweden. Chr. Weise Verlag, München, 200 pp. (in German)
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Gåsborn
    		CanMin 28, 17
    Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Nordmark (Nordmarksberg)
    		[MinRec 32:311]
        • Persberg district
          • Gåsgruvan ore field
    		Mineralogical Magazine, (1992). 56, 27-35
    • Västmanland
      • Ljusnarsberg
        • Kopparberg
    		No reference listed
      • Norberg
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Forno Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 241.
      • Puschlav (Poschiavo Valley)
        • Selva
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 241.
    • Ticino (Tessin)
      • Maggia Valley
        • Someo
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 113.
      • Verzasca Valley
        • Frasco
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 113.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Saas Valley
          • Saas Almagell
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Christian Bracke Collection
    Tajikistan
     
    • Viloyati Mukhtori Gorno-Badakhshan (Viloyati Badakhshoni Kuni)
      • Pamir Mts
        • Pyandzh River Valley
          • Kukh-i-Lal (Kukhilal; Kuhi-lal)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Tanzania
     
    • Morogoro Region
      • Mahenge
    		http://www.fieldgemology.org/gemology%20tanzania%202005.php
    Hintze, J. (2011): Afrikanisches Tagebuch (III): Die Spinelle von Mahenge, Tansania. Lapis 36 (7-8), 26-30.
    Hintze, J. (2011): Afrikanisches Tagebuch (III): Die Spinelle von Mahenge, Tansania. Lapis 36 (7-8), 26-30.
      • Uluguru Mts (Uruguru Mts)
        • Morogoro
    		Min Rec 36:3 p294
    UK
     
    • Scotland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Skye
          • Broadford
            • Kilchrist
            • Torrin
    		[Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London]
    BMS Database
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Northwest Arctic Borough
        • Fairhaven District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
      • Apache Co.
        • Buell Park
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 177; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of AZ, AZ Geol.Soc.Digest: 3: 53-56; Balk, R. (1954), Petrology section, in Mineral resources of Fort Defiance and Tohatchi quadrangles, AZ & NM, NM Bur. of mines, Min. Resource Bull. 36: 192; Sun, M.S. (1954), Titanclinohumite in kimberlitic tuff, Buell Park, AZ (abstract), Geol.Soc.Amer.Bull. 65: 1311-1312; McGetchin, T.R., et al (1970), Titanclinohumite: A possible mineralogical site for water in the upper mantle, Jour.Geophys.Res.: 75: 255-259.
    • California
      • Fresno Co.
        • Big Creek-Rush Creek District
          • Rush Creek deposit
            • Big Creek
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 151; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460.
        • Lakeshore
    		www.mineralsocal.org
        • Twin Lakes
          • Twin Lakes - Potter Pass trail
    		Chesterman, C.W. (1942), Contact metamorphic rocks of the Twin Lakes region, Fresno County, California: California Division Mines Report 38: 254; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 147, 460.
      • Monterey Co.
        • Santa Lucia Mts (Santa Lucia Range)
          • Slates Hot Springs
    		Wise, Wm. S. (1959), An occurrence of geikielite: American Mineralogist : 44: 879-882; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 460.
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
    		[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
    Cal Div of Mines & Geo Bulletin 189 " Minerals of California"
            • Sky Blue Hill
    		Burnham, C. W. (1959), Contact metamorphism of magnesian limestones at Crestmore, California Geological Society of America Bulletin: 70: 879-920; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 460.
        • Jurupa Mts
          • Jurupa
    		MinRec 15:273-290
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Marble Mts
          • Cadiz
    		Econ Geol (1988) 83:568-587
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee Co.
        • Sedalia District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Custer Co.
        • Hardscrabble District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Fremont Co.
        • Cotopaxi District
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997; Am Min 50:1179-1212
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Bergen Park area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Park Co.
        • Guffey District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
        • Spring Mountain District
          • Quartzite Canyon
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    • Massachusetts
      • Worcester Co.
        • Bolton
    		Harvard Mineralogical Museum no.130909.
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Reilly, L.C.: Senior Thesis, Yale Univ. (1983); Dunn, P.J.: Am. Min.:70:379-387 (1985); Dunn(1995):Pt3:347.
    • New Mexico
      • Luna Co.
        • Camel Mountain-Eagle Nest District
    		NMBGMR Open-file Report OF-459
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
      • McKinley Co.
        • Red Lake volcanic field
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook, 54th Field Conference, Geology of the Zuni Plateau, 2003, pp. 133-138.
    • New York
      • Orange Co.
        • Town of Warwick
    		NY State Museum spec. no. 19334
      • Putnam Co.
        • Carmel
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 80.
        • Southeast Township
          • Tilly Foster
    		(Januzzi, 1966, 1989) (Manchester, 1931) (Trainer, 1938).
    • Oklahoma
      • Comanche Co.
    		Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997)
    [var: Titanclinohumite] AmMin 42:686 (1957)
    • Utah
      • Beaver Co.
        • Beaver Lake Mts
          • Beaver Lake District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • San Juan Co.
        • Bluff
    		[var: Titanclinohumite] New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook, 54th Field Conference, Geology of the Zuni Plateau, 2003, pp. 133-138.
    [var: Titanclinohumite] New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook, 54th Field Conference, Geology of the Zuni Plateau, 2003, pp. 133-138.
    [var: Titanclinohumite] New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook, 54th Field Conference, Geology of the Zuni Plateau, 2003, pp. 133-138.
    [var: Titanclinohumite] New Mexico GeologicalSociety Guidebook, 54th Field Conference, Geology of the Zuni Plateau, 2003, pp. 133-138.
    • Washington
      • Pend Oreille Co.
        • Metaline District
          • Metaline
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.75
      • Stevens Co.
        • Deer Trail District
          • Adams Mountain
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.72,75
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2011. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them. Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. Mindat does not offer minerals for sale. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register.
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