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Defernite

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Kombat Mine, Kombat, Grootfontein District, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia
© Elmar Lackner

Show Defernite Photos (11)



Formula:
Ca
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2-x
(SiO
 
4
)
 
x
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
 
1-2x
 (x=0.5)
System:OrthorhombicColour:Colourless (original ...
Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, WaxyHardness:3
Name:
Named by Halil Sarp, M. F. Taner, Jacques Deferne, Helene Bizouard, and B. W. Liebich in 1980 in honor of Jacques Deferne, Curator of Mineralogy, Museum of Natural History, Geneva, Switzerland.
This page provides mineralogical data about Defernite.

Classification of Defernite

IMA status:Approved 1978
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/0.0-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:5.BA.25

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
Dana 8th edition ID:16b.4.2.1

16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : AmBn(XO3)pZqxH2O & with (m+n):p = 3:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:12.1.5

12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
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Type Occurrence of Defernite

Type Locality:Güneyce-Ikizdere, Rize Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Museum of Natural History, Geneva, Switzerland, 435/30; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 163241. Cotype material in NHM Vienna collection (M 5134).
Year of Discovery:1980
Geological Setting of type material:Secondary alteration product of high-temperature calc-silicates
Associated Minerals at type locality:
AndraditeCalciteDiopsideHillebranditeRustumite
SpurriteVesuvianiteWollastonite

Occurrences of Defernite

Geological Setting:Primary, glassy subhedral grains intergrown primarily with hausmannite

Physical Properties of Defernite

Lustre:Sub-Vitreous, Waxy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Colourless (original occurrance), also deep red, rose-brown
Comment:Red to rose brown colors probably due to Mn
Streak:Colorless, also Pink
Hardness (Mohs):3
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
perfect {010} and distinct {100}
Fracture:Splintery, Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.34 - 2.5 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.31 g/cm3
Comment:Calculated D = 2.42 from type locaity

Crystallography of Defernite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pnma {P21/n 21/m 21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 17.860Å, b = 22.775Å, c = 3.658Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.784 : 1 : 0.161
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,487.93 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:idiomorphic "porphyroblastic" laths
Comment:space group Pna2, or Pnam
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
11.37 (100)
8.29 (35)
5.68 (30)
3.045 (40)
2.899 (50)
2.418 (35)
1.962 (35)
1.825 (40)
Comments:Sarp et al. (1980)

Optical Data of Defernite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.546 nβ = 1.572 nγ = 1.576
2V:Measured: 42° , Calculated: 42°
Birefringence:0.030
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:medium r < v (Turkey)
Optical Extinction:Parallel. X = c, Y = b
Pleochroism:Strong
Comments:X = ochre-brown,
Y= brownish-orange to ochre-brown,
Z= colorless to yellow

Chemical Properties of Defernite

Formula:
Ca
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2-x
(SiO
 
4
)
 
x
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
 
1-2x
 (x=0.5)
Essential elements:C, Ca, Cl, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:C, Ca, Cl, H, O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Mn,Mg

Relationship of Defernite to other Species

Common Associates:
Hausmannite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
5.BA.05Azurite
Cu
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Georgeite
Cu
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
5.BA.10Glaukosphaerite
(Cu,Ni)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Kolwezite
(Cu,Co)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Malachite
Cu
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Mcguinnessite
(Mg,Cu)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Nullaginite
Ni
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Pokrovskite
Mg
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Rosasite
(Cu,Zn)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Zincrosasite
(Zn,Cu)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.10Chukanovite
Fe
2+
2
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
5.BA.15Aurichalcite
(Zn,Cu)
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
5.BA.15Hydrozincite
Zn
 
5
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
5.BA.20Holdawayite
Mn
 
6
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
5.BA.25UM1977-03-COSiO:CaClH
Ca
 
10
(SiO
 
4
)(CO
 
3
)
 
7
(Cl,OH)
 
2
5.BA.30Loseyite
(Zn,Mn
2+
 
)
 
7
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
10
5.BA.30Sclarite
(Zn,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
4
Zn
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
2
(OH)
 
10
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
12.1.1Northupite
Na
 
3
Mg(CO
 
3
)
 
2
Cl
12.1.2Barentsite
Na
 
7
AlH
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
 
4
12.1.3Rouvilleite
Na
 
3
(Ca,Mn,Fe)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.4Chlormagaluminite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
4
Al
 
2
(Cl
 
2
,CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
12
 · 2H
 
2
O
12.1.6Brenkite
Ca
 
2
(CO
 
3
)F
 
2
12.1.7Stenonite
(Sr,Ba,Na)
 
2
Al(CO
 
3
)F
 
5
12.1.8Bastnäsite-(Ce)
(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.9Bastnäsite-(La)
(La,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.10Bastnäsite-(Y)
(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)F
12.1.11Parisite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
12.1.12Parisite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Ce,La)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
 
2
12.1.13Synchysite-(Ce)
Ca(Ce,La)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.14Synchysite-(Y)
Ca(Y,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.15Synchysite-(Nd)
Ca(Nd,Y,Gd)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.16Röntgenite-(Ce)
Ca
 
2
(Ce,La)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
3
12.1.17Cordylite-(Ce)
NaBaCe
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
4
F
12.1.19Huanghoite-(Ce)
BaCe(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
12.1.20Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)
Ba
 
2
Ce(CO
 
3
)
 
3
F
12.1.21Cebaite-(Ce)
Ba
 
3
Ce
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
5
F
 
2
12.1.22Thorbastnäsite
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO
 
3
)
 
2
F
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
12.1.23Phosgenite
Pb
 
2
CO
 
3
Cl
 
2
12.1.24Barstowite
Pb
 
4
Cl
 
6
(CO
 
3
) · H
 
2
O
12.1.25Albrechtschraufite
Ca
 
4
Mg(UO
 
2
)
 
2
(CO
 
3
)
 
6
F
 
2
 · 17 H
 
2
O
12.1.26Kettnerite
CaBiCO
 
3
OF

Other Names for Defernite

Synonyms:
IMA1978-057
Other Languages:
German:Defernit
Russian:Дефернит
Spanish:Defernita

Other Information

Other Information:Dissolves in l:l HCl with effervescence
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:		On exposure, the cleavage surfaces of defernite laths develop a whitish patina.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Defernite

Reference List:

- +
Sarp, H., M.F. Taner, J. Deferne, H. Bizouard, and B.W. Liebich (1980): La defernite, Ca6(CO3)2(OH;Cl)8 nH2O; un nouveau carbonate de calcium chloro-hydroxylé. Bull. Minéral., 103, 185-189 (in French).

American Mineralogist: 65: 1066.

Liebich, B. W. & Sarp, H. (1985): La structure cristalline de la defernite. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 65, 153-158 (in French).

Peacor, D.R., H. Sarp, P.J. Dunn, J. Innes, and J.A. Nelen (1988): Defernite from the Kombat mine, Namibia: a second occurrence, structure refinement, and crystal chemistry. Amer. Mineral., 73, 888-893.

Armbruster, T., Yang, P., Liebich, B. W. (1996): Mechanism of the SiO4 for CO3 substitution in defernite, Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7[Cl0.50(OH)0.08(H2O)0.42]: a single-crystal X-ray study at 100 K. American Mineralogist, 81, 625-631.

Internet Links for Defernite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Defernite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Defernite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
      • Grootfontein District
        • Kombat
    		Mineralogical Record: 22: 421.; American Mineralogist, Volume 73, pages 888-893, 1988
    Turkey
     
    • Black Sea Region
      • Rize Province
    		Bull.Soc.fr.Min.Crist.(1980) 103, 185-189
    Mineral and/or Locality
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