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Tantalite-(Fe)

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Fazenda Pomarolli, Linópolis, Divino das Laranjeiras, Doce valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil
© Michael Shaw

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Formula:
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
System:OrthorhombicColour:Iron-black
Hardness:6 - 6½
Member of:Columbite Group
Name:From ferrous iron content and the Greek mythological Tantalus, for the difficulty of dissolving the mineral. The original material with Fe>Mn was called Tantalite, subsequent name changes recognized the compositional variability of the series.
Dimorph of:Tapiolite-(Fe)


Tantalite-(Fe)-Tantalite-(Mn) Series. Tantalite-(Fe) is fairly rare and many specimens are actually misidentified Tapiolite-(Fe).

Formerly known as ferrotantalite.

Classification of Tantalite-(Fe)

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered" 2008
Explanation of status:Name changed from ferrotantalite to tantalite-(Fe).
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.18-50
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DB.35

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:8.3.2.1

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
3 : AB2O6
Hey's CIM Ref.:18.1.43

18 : Niobates and Tantalates
1 : Niobates and tantalates containing neither rare earths nor U
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Type Occurrence of Tantalite-(Fe)

Type Locality:Upper Bear Gulch, Tinton pegmatite District, Lawrence Co., South Dakota, USA
Year of Discovery:1836

Occurrences of Tantalite-(Fe)

Geological Setting:As a very accessory mineral in granitic pegmatites. Most tantalites with this composition are actually tapiolite structure.

Physical Properties of Tantalite-(Fe)

Lustre:Sub-Adamantine, Greasy, Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Iron-black
Comment:Reddish brown in transmitted light.
Streak:Black
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 6½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distinct on {100}, less distinct on {010}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Splintery, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):6.65 - 7.95 g/cm3
Comment:Density similar to tapiolite series.

Crystallography of Tantalite-(Fe)

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:Pbcn {P21/b 2/c 21/n}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.73Å, b = 14.24Å, c = 5.08Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.402 : 1 : 0.357
Unit Cell Volume:V 414.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Exsolution intergrowths with ferrotapiolite.

Optical Data of Tantalite-(Fe)

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 2.260 nβ = 2.300 - 2.400 nγ = 2.430
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.170

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:relatively strong
Colour in reflected light:Grey
Internal Reflections:Red to reddish brown.

Chemical Properties of Tantalite-(Fe)

Formula:
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
Essential elements:Fe, O, Ta
All elements listed in formula:Fe, O, Ta

Relationship of Tantalite-(Fe) to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Columbite-(Fe) (see here)
Forms a series with Tantalite-(Mn) (see here)
Member of:Columbite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
Qitianlingite
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
WO
 
10
Tantalite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DB.05Argutite
GeO
 
2
4.DB.05Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
4.DB.05Plattnerite
PbO
 
2
4.DB.05Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
4.DB.05Rutile
TiO
 
2
4.DB.05Tripuhyite
Fe
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DB.05Tugarinovite
MoO
 
2
4.DB.05Varlamoffite
(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.10Byströmite
MgSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Ordoñezite
ZnSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.15bAkhtenskite
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.15cNsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.15aParamontroseite
V
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.15aRamsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.20Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
4.DB.25Ishikawaite
U
4+
 
Fe
2+
 
Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Ixiolite
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)
(Y,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,U,Th,Ca)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Srilankite
Ti
 
2
ZrO
 
6
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)
Y(U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite
(Ca,Fe
3+
 
,Y)
 
2
(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)
(Yb,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.30Ferberite
FeWO
 
4
4.DB.30Hübnerite
MnWO
 
4
4.DB.30Sanmartinite
(Zn,Fe)WO
 
4
4.DB.30Krasnoselskite
CoWO
 
4
4.DB.30Heftetjernite
ScTaO
 
4
4.DB.30Huanzalaite
MgWO
 
4
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Qitianlingite
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
WO
 
10
4.DB.35Magnocolumbite
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.40Ferrowodginite
FeSnTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiowodginite
LiTa
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Titanowodginite
MnTiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Ferrotitanowodginite
Fe
2+
 
TiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wolframowodginite
Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.45Tivanite
V
3+
 
TiO
 
3
(OH)
4.DB.50Carmichaelite
(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O
 
2-x
(OH)
 
x
]
4.DB.55Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
4.DB.60Biehlite
((Sb,As)O)
 
2
[MoO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
18.1.1Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
18.1.2Lueshite
NaNbO
 
3
18.1.3Natroniobite
NaNbO
 
3
18.1.4Franconite
Na
 
2
Nb
 
4
O
 
11
 · 9H
 
2
O
18.1.5Natrotantite
Na
 
2
Ta
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.6Irtyshite
Na
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.7Rankamaite
(Na,K,Pb,Li)
 
3
(Ta,Nb,Al)
 
11
(O,OH)
 
30
18.1.8Hydropyrochlore
(H
 
2
O,□)
 
2
Nb
 
2
(O,OH)
 
6
(H
 
2
O)
18.1.9Calciotantite
CaTa
 
4
O
 
11
18.1.10Rynersonite
Ca(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.11Microlite Group
18.1.12Belyankinite
Ca
 
1-2
(Ti,Nb)
 
5
O
 
12
 · 9H
 
2
O (?)
18.1.13Latrappite
(Ca,Na)(Nb,Ti,Fe)O
 
3
18.1.14Hochelagaite
(Ca,Na,Sr)(Nb,Ti,Si,Al)
 
4
O
 
11
 · 8H
 
2
O
18.1.15Bariomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.16Parabariomicrolite
BaTa
 
4
O
 
10
(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
18.1.17Bariopyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.18Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
18.1.19Simpsonite
Al
 
4
(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
13
(OH,F)
18.1.20Sosedkoite
(K,Na)
 
5
Al
 
2
(Ta,Nb)
 
22
O
 
60
18.1.21Thoreaulite
SnTa
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.22Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.23Foordite
(Sn,Pb)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.24Changbaiite
PbNb
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.25Plumbopyrochlore (of Skorobogatova et al)
18.1.26Plumbomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.27Stibiocolumbite
Sb(Nb,Ta)O
 
4
18.1.28Stibiotantalite
Sb(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
18.1.29Natrobistantite
18.1.30Cesplumtantite
(Cs,Na)
 
2
(Pb,Sb
3+
 
)
 
3
Ta
 
8
O
 
24
18.1.31Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al)
18.1.32Cesstibtantite
18.1.34Bismutotantalite
Bi(Ta,Nb)O
 
4
18.1.35Bismutomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)
18.1.36Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.37Gerasimovskite
(Mn,Ca)(Nb,Ti)
 
5
O
 
12
 · 9H
 
2
O
18.1.38Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.39Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
18.1.41Ixiolite
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
18.1.42Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.44Columbite
(Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.45Tantalite
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.46Tapiolite
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.47Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.48Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
18.1.50Strüverite
(Ti,Ta,Fe)O
 
2
18.1.51 Staringite
(Fe,Mn)
 
x
(Ta,Nb)
 
2x
Sn
 
6-3x
O
 
12

Other Names for Tantalite-(Fe)

Synonyms:
FerrotantaliteSiderotantal
Other Languages:
German:Ferrotantalit
Simplified Chinese:钽铁矿
Spanish:Ferrotantalita

Other Information

Magnetism:Paramagnetic
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Tantalite-(Fe)

Reference List:

- +
Thompson (1836), Rec. Gen. Sc.: 4: 416.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 780.

Canadian Mineralogist (1966): 8: 461.

Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh & Nichols (1997), Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III: 193.

American Mineralogist: (1975): 60: 613.

American Mineralogist: 80: 613-619.

Zapiski Vserossiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchetstva (2000): 129(3): 59.

Mineralogy and Petrology (2000): 70: 165.

Internet Links for Tantalite-(Fe)

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    • Localities for Tantalite-(Fe)

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Queensland
      • Mount Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Mount Isa district
    		Costas Constantinides collection, Australian museum id
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Mt Babbage area (Inlier)
    		P.-A. Wulser unpublished data
    • Western Australia
      • Coolgardie Shire
        • Kambalda
    		MINEDEX
      • Derby-West Kimberley Shire
        • Derby
    		MINEDEX
      • Pilbara Region
        • Port Hedland Shire
          • Port Hedland
    		minedex
      • Ravensthorpe Shire
        • Ravensthorpe
    		minedex
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Millstatt lake ridge
        • Spittal
          • Lieser ravine
    		Walter, F. (1998): Exkursion E4 am 27.9.1998 - MinPet 98 (Pörtschach am Wörthersee/Kärnten) - Die Pegmatite des Millstätter See-Rückens. Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 143, 437-450. [http://www.uibk.ac.at/mineralogie/oemg/bd_143/143minpet98_437-450.pdf]
          • Wolfsberg Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Doce valley
        • Divino das Laranjeiras
          • Linópolis
    		Collection of Michael G. Shaw
      • Jequitinhonha valley
        • Coronel Murta
    		Richard Dale collection
    • Paraíba
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Nova Palmeira
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Nb–Ta–(Ti–Sn) Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    • Rio Grande do Norte
      • Borborema mineral province
        • Parelhas
    		Beurlen, H., Da Silva, M.R.R., Thomas, R., Soares, D.R., and Olivier, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 207-228.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Red Lake
        • Separation Rapids (Separation Lake area)
    		Tindle, A.G. & Breaks, F.W. (1998) Oxide minerals of the Separation Rapids rare-element granitic pegmatite group, northwestern Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 609-635. Tindle, A.G., Breaks, F.W. and Webb, P.C. (1998) Wodginite-group minerals from the Separation Rapids Rare-Element Granitic Pegmatite Group, northwestern Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 36, 637-658. ontariominerals.com
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Nanping Prefecture
        • Zhenghe Co.
          • Nanping pegmatite field
    		Can Rao, Rucheng Wang, Huan Hu, and Wenlan Zhan (2009): Canadian Mineralogist 47(5), 1195-1212.
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Suzhou Prefecture
        • Huqiu District
    		Xiaojun Yuan, Chuanli Wan, and Jianping He (2004): Geology and Prospecting 40(1), 31-35; Jianping He (2006): Jiangsu Geology 30(3), 183-186
    • Sichuan Province
      • Ngawa (Aba) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Xiaojin Co.
    		Dong Peng, Mingguang Wang, Yunxi Xie, Shangpin Chen, and Jun Cao (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(4), 33-38
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
          • Branná (Kolštejn; Goldenstein)
    		Novák, M. et al.: Beryl-columbitový pegmatit z Branné, Hrubý Jeseník. Acta Mus. Moraviae, Sci. geol., 2003, 88, 113-122.
          • Maršíkov (Marchendorf)
    		Novák, M.: Maršíkov - Schinderhübel. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 34-37.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Maniema
    Finland
     
    • Southern Finland Province
      • Orivesi
        • Eräjärvi area
    		No reference listed
    • Western Finland Province
      • Kemiö (Kimito) Island
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Oberlausitz
        • Löbau
          • Czorneboh
            • Wuischke
    		Witzke, T., Giesler, T. (2008): Neufunde und Neubestimmungen aus der Lausitz, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 59, 245-252
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Lecco Province
        • Colico
    		Vignola, P., Fransolet, A.M., Guastoni, A. & Appiani, R. (2011). Le pegmatiti di Piona. Recenti studi sui filoni Malpensata, Luna e Sommafiume. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/2011, 30-38
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Domodossola
            • Cosasca
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Vigezzo Valley
            • Craveggia
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
            • Druogno
              • Orcesco
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
     
    • Haut-Sassandra region
      • Issia department
        • Issia
    		Allou, B. A.(2006), Expl. & Mining geology 14, 1-4, 61-77
    Allou, B.A. (2006), Expl & Mining Geology 14, 1-4, 61-77
    Allou B.A. et al. (2006), Expl. & Mining Geology. 14, 1-4, 61-77
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Hitachiohta City
    		Matsubara, S. & Miyawaki, R. (2006) Catalogue of Japanese Minerals (National Science Museum)
    • Kyushu Region
      • Fukuoka Prefecture
    		www.petrovrareminerals.com/articles02.html
    Madagascar
    Muséum national d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris specimen MNHN No 193.14
    Mozambique
     
    • Zambezia Province
      • Alto Ligonha District
    		No reference listed
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Karibib District
        • Davib East farm (Davib Ost farm)
    		Min Rec (2006) 37:361-470
    Min Rec (2006) 37:361-470
        • Erongorus 166 farm
    		Min Rec (2006) 37:361-470
        • Etiro
          • Brabant 86 farm
    		Min Rec (2006) 37:361-470
        • Usakos
    		Min Rec (2006) 37:361-470
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 78. + Selbekk, R.S., Berg, H.-J.,Folvik, H. & Ellingsen, H.V. (2008): Mineraler i columbitt-tantalittgruppen fra Norge. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 38, 33-36.
      • Iveland
        • Landås
    		Bjørlykke, H.(1934): The Mineral Paragenesis and Classification of the Granite Pegmatites of Iveland, Setesdal, Southern Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 14, 211-311 ; Selbekk, R.S., Berg, H.-J.,Folvik, H. & Ellingsen, H.V. (2008): Mineraler i columbitt-tantalittgruppen fra Norge. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 38, 33-36.
    • Østfold
      • Moss
        • Dillingøya (Dillingö)
    		Selbekk, R.S., Berg, H.-J.,Folvik, H. & Ellingsen, H.V. (2008): Mineraler i columbitt-tantalittgruppen fra Norge. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 38, 33-36
    • Telemark
      • Drangedal
        • Tørdal
    		Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. (2000a): Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Skrifter Norsk Bergverkmuseum 17:19-25
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Dzierżoniów District
        • Piława Górna
    		PIECZKA et al. 2010: Nb-Ta minerals in pegmatites in the DSS mine at Piława Górna, Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland. Mineralogia - Special Papers, 37.
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Rezh District
            • Lipovka pegmatite field
    		Lapis 28(10), 60 (2003)
          • Yuzhakovo Village
            • Alabashka pegmatite field
    		http://webcenter.ru/~minbooks/murz_kaz.html
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Plast
            • Kochkar' District
              • Svetlyi
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2009
    Rwanda
     
    • Western Province
      • Gatumba District
    		Bertossa, A., 1967. Inventaire des minéraux du Rwanda. Bulletin du Service Géologique de Rwanda 4, 25-45.
    Slovakia
     
    • Bratislava Region
      • Bratislava Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
          • Devín
    		Chudík P., Uher P., Gadas P., Škoda R., Pršek J., 2011: Niobium-tantalum oxide minerals in the Jezuitské Lesy granitic pegmatite, Bratislava Massif, Slovakia: To to Nb and Fe to Mn evolutionary trends in narrow Be, Cs-rich and Li, B-poor dike. Mineralogy and Petrology, 101, Special Issue: Accessory Minerals.
      • Pezinok Co.
        • Pezinok
          • Slnečné Valley
    		Uher P., Žitňan P., Ozdín D., 2007: Pegmatitic Nb-Ta oxide minerals in alluvial placers from Limbach, Bratislava Massif, Western Carpathians, Slovakia: compositional variations and evolutionary trend. Journal of Geosciences, 52, 1-2, 133-141.
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Trenčín Region
      • Prievidza Co.
    		Uher, P.: Columbit-tantalit z pegmatitu při Ráztočne v pohorí Žiar (stredné Slovensko). Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2008, vol. 16, 1, 109-112.
    • Trnava Region
      • Piešťany Co.
    		Uher, P., Broska, I., 1989: Muskovitický pegmatit s obsahom minerálov vzácnych prvkov při Moravanoch n.V. (Považský Inovec). Min.Slovaca, 21,2,163 – 174
    South Korea
     
    • Chungcheongbukdo (Chungchong-pukto)
      • Chungju (Chung Won Kum; Chung-ju)
        • Joongwon-gun
          • Mt. Eorae
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Spain
     
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • Lalín
    		 Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Dillingham Borough
        • Bristol Bay District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Colorado
      • Larimer Co.
        • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite District (Storm Mountain District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		Rocks & Min. 80:256 (2005)
    • North Carolina
      • Ashe Co.
    		www.excaliburmineral.com
      • Gaston Co.
        • Bessemer City
    		MinMax Mineral Information System
      • Yancey Co.
        • Spruce Pine District
          • Burnsville
            • Hurricane Mountain
    		Miller, J.W. and Allen, C.W.
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Custer
    		Danas System of Mineralogy 7th ed
      • Lawrence Co.
        • Tinton pegmatite District
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    • Wisconsin
      • Marathon Co.
        • Wausau pluton
          • "Rotten granite" quarries
    		www.uwrf.edu/~wc01
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