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Glauberite

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Consuelo Mine, Chinchón (near San Martín de la Vega), Madrid, Spain
© E-Minerales

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Formula:
Na
 
2
Ca(SO
 
4
)
 
2
System:MonoclinicColour:Grey, yellowish, ...
Lustre:Vitreous, Waxy, PearlyHardness:2½ - 3
Name:
Named in allusion to its content of the compound Na2SO4, formerly called Glauber's Salt, after the German alchemist Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604-1668).
This page provides mineralogical data about Glauberite.

Classification of Glauberite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/A.08-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.AD.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 8th edition ID:28.4.2.1

28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
4 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.4.4

25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba
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Type Occurrence of Glauberite

Type Locality:El Castellar Mine, Villarrubia de Santiago, Ocaña, Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Natural History Museum, Paris 23.400-223,402
Year of Discovery:1808
Geological Setting of type material:Salt deposit.
Associated Minerals at type locality:
Halite

Occurrences of Glauberite

Geological Setting:Lacustrine and oceanic salt deposits; at fumarole deposits; in nitrate deposits in arid regions.

Physical Properties of Glauberite

Lustre:Vitreous, Waxy, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Comment:Pearly on cleavage {001}
Colour:Grey, yellowish, colourless; colourless in transmitted light
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):2½ - 3
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Perfect
On {001} perfect; on {110} indistinct.
Fracture:Conchoidal
Translation gliding:Exhibits translation gliding.
Density (measured):2.75 - 2.85 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.78 g/cm3

Crystallography of Glauberite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/b {B1 1 2/b} {C2/c} {C1 2/c 1}
Space Group Setting:C2/c
Cell Parameters:a = 10.129(2) Å, b = 8.306(2) Å, c = 8.533(2) Å
β = 112.19(1)°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.219 : 1 : 1.027
Unit Cell Volume:V 664.72 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals tabular {001}, with {110} lacking at times; prismatic by extension of [101] with large {111}; dipyramidal through combinations of {111} and {110}; prismatic [001] with large {110}. {001} and {111} often striated parallel to their intersection, and {111} may be rounded or step-like near the termination.
Crystal Atlas:
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Glauberite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Glauberite no.18 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Glauberite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.507 - 1.515 nβ = 1.527 - 1.535 nγ = 1.529 - 1.536
2V:Calculated: 24° to 34°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.022

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Low
Dispersion:strong r > v

Chemical Properties of Glauberite

Formula:
Na
 
2
Ca(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Essential elements:Ca, Na, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Na, O, S

Relationship of Glauberite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.AD.05Arcanite
K
 
2
SO
 
4
7.AD.05Mascagnite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
SO
 
4
7.AD.10Mercallite
KHSO
 
4
7.AD.15Misenite
K
 
8
H
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
7
7.AD.20Letovicite
(NH
 
4
)
 
3
H(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.AD.30Anhydrite
CaSO
 
4
7.AD.35Anglesite
PbSO
 
4
7.AD.35Baryte
BaSO
 
4
7.AD.35Celestine
SrSO
 
4
7.AD.35Olsacherite
Pb
 
2
(SeO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)
7.AD.40Kalistrontite
K
 
2
Sr(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.AD.40Palmierite
(K,Na)
 
2
Pb(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.4.1Anhydrite
CaSO
 
4
25.4.2Bassanite
CaSO
 
4
 · 0.5H
 
2
O
25.4.3Gypsum
CaSO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
25.4.5Cesanite
Na
 
3
Ca
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
25.4.6Eugsterite
Na
 
4
Ca(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
25.4.7Hydroglauberite
Na
 
10
Ca
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
8
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.4.8Syngenite
K
 
2
Ca(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
25.4.9Görgeyite
K
 
2
Ca
 
5
(SO
 
4
)
 
6
 · H
 
2
O
25.4.10Polyhalite
K
 
2
Ca
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
25.4.11Koktaite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Ca(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
25.4.12Ye'elimite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
6
(SO
 
4
)O
 
12
25.4.13Ettringite
Ca
 
6
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
25.4.14Bentorite
Ca
 
6
(Cr
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
12
 · 26H
 
2
O
25.4.15Celestine
SrSO
 
4
25.4.16Kalistrontite
K
 
2
Sr(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.4.17Baryte
BaSO
 
4

Other Names for Glauberite

Other Languages:
German:Glauberit
Indonesian:Glauberit
Italian:Glauberite
Polish:Glauberyt
Russian:Глауберит
Simplified Chinese:钙芒硝
Spanish:Glauberita
Ukrainian:Глауберит

Other Information

Other Information:Powdery surface alteration in humid environments to gypsum with leaching of sodium sulfate.
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:		Powdery surface alteration in humid environments to gypsum with leaching of sodium sulfate
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Glauberite

Reference List:

- +
Brongniart (1808) Journal des mines {superseded by Annales des mines}: 23: 5.

Leonhard (1825) Naturges. des Mineralreiches: 159.

Zepharovich (1874) Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Ber.: 69: 16.

Laspeyres (1877) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 1: 529.

Kraus (1913) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 52: 321.

Kraus and Peck (1917) Michigan Academy of Science, Annual Report: 19: 95.

Goldschmidt, V. (1918) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text, vol. 4: 46.

Wetzel (1924) Zeitschrift für praktische Geologie, Berlin, hale a.S.: 32: 119.

Hawkins (1928) American Journal of Science: (5): 16: 361.

Schaller (1932) USGS Bulletin 832: 55.

Schaller and Henderson (1932) USGS Bull. 833: 27.

Larsen, E.S. and Berman, H. (1934) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, Second edition, USGS Bulletin 848: 156.

Pardillo (1934) Ac. cienc. arts, Barcelona, Mem.: 25: 1.

Pardillo (1935) Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Heidelberg, Stuttgart: I: 344.

Hill and Wills (1938) American Chemical Society Journal: 60: 1647.

Godlevsky (1939) Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, Leningrad, Zapiski: 68: 576.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 431-433.

Araki, T. & T. Zoltai (1967), Refinement of the crystal structure of a glauberite: American Mineralogist: 52: 1272-1275.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 122: 175-184.

Internet Links for Glauberite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Glauberite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Glauberite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • North Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Lochiel
    		Uwe Kolitsch collection
    • Tasmania
      • Rossarden district
    		http://www.crocoite.com/locationbulletins/part1/avocaarea.pdf
    • Victoria
      • Rural City of Mildura
        • Mildura
          • Ouyen
            • Linga
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Golling
        • Grubach
          • Moosegg
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Hallein
        • Dürrnberg
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Innsbruck
            • Hall
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Upper Austria
      • Bad Ischl
        • Perneck
    		No reference listed
      • Hallstatt
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432; R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bolivia
     
    • La Paz Department
      • Loayza Province
    		Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) Los Yacimientos Minerales y de Hidrocarburos de Bolivia. (Ministerio de Minas y Petroleo, La Paz)
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 433.
    • Nova Scotia
      • Cumberland Co.
        • Pugwash
    		R.C. Boehner, "Salt and Potash Resources in Nova Scotia", N.S. Dept. Mines and Energy, Bulletin 5, 1986.
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Tocopilla Province
        • Pedro de Valdivia
    		Pueyo, J. J., Chong, G. & Vega, M. (1998): Mineralogy and parental brine evolution in the Pedro de Valdivia nitrate deposit, Antofagasta, Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile 25, 3-15. (in Spanish)
        • Sierra Gorda district
          • Caracoles
    		Natural History Museum Vienna collection (U. Kolitsch SXRD analysis)
        • Tocopilla District
    		Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany.
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Challacollo
    		maurizio dini collection - analysed material
        • Pampa del Tamarugal
    		Luigi Chiappino specimen
    China
     
    • Henan Province
      • Puyang Prefecture
    		Renwei Li and Maoan Xin (1989): Acta Sedimentologica Sinica 7(4), 141-148
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Alxa League (Alashan Prefecture)
        • Alxa Left Banner (Alashan Zuoqi)
    		Zhenmi Liu (2000): Journal of Salt Lake Research 29(3), 21-26
    • Shandong Province
      • Tai'an Prefecture
        • Daiyue District
          • Dawenkou depression
    		Dejun Zhao, Weitian Han, Keqin Cai, and Jianhua Gao (1987): Earth Science, Journal of China University of Geosciences 31(4)
    • Sichuan Province
      • Meishan Prefecture
        • Pengshan Co.
    		Acta Geologica Sichuan 2004(2).
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Bayin'gholin (Bayingolin; Bayinguoleng) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Ruoqiang (Qakilik; Chaqiliq) Co.
    		Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
          • Lop Nur (Lop Nuur; Lop lake; Luobu lake; Luobubo)
    		Chenglin Liu, Mili Wang, Pengcheng Jiao, Weidong Fan, Yongzhi Chen, Zhichen Yang, and Jingguo Wang (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(6)
      • Tulufan (Turfan; Turpan) Prefecture
        • Tulufan (Turfan; Turpan) Co.
          • Turfan (Turpan) basin
    		Yu, G., Harrison, S.P., and Xue, B. (2001): MPI-BGC Technology Report No. 4, pp. 100-103.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Kunming Prefecture
        • Anning Co.
          • Anning basin
    		Wei Dongyan, Deng Xiaolin, Liu Zhenmin, and Yang Gengsheng (2000): On Biochemical Formation of Salt Deposits. Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 613-617.
    France
     
    • Lorraine
      • Meurthe-et-Moselle
        • Nancy
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Tarascon-sur-Ariège
          • Bedeilhac et Aynat
    		Inventaire mineralogique de l'Ariege (Ed. BRGM) 1983
    • Nord-Pas-de-Calais
      • Pas-de-Calais
    		Naze-Nancy Masalehdani, M., Mees, F., Dubois, M., Coquinot, Y., Potdevin, J.-L., Fialin, M. & Blanc-Valleron, M.-M. (2009): Condensate minerals from a burning coal-waste heap in Avion, Northern France. Can. Mineral. 47, 573-591.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Bavaria
        • Bad Reichenhall
          • Berchtesgaden
            • Berchtesgadener Salzberg
    • Hesse
      • Werra Valley
        • Heringen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Phillippsthal
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Celle
        • Hänigsen
    		Bode "Mineralien und Fundstellen BRD" from 1989 ISBN 3-925094-24-5 Pg.9
        • Wathlingen
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Harz
        • Goslar
          • Rammelsberg
    		No reference listed
      • Nordhorn
        • Frenswegen
    		von Engelhardt, W., Füchtbauer, H., and Zemann, J. (1956): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 5(3), 177-186.
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Stassfurt Potash deposit
        • Egeln
    		Naumann, Zirkel: "Elemente der Mineralogie", 13th Ed., 1898
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432.
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Aggteleki Mts.
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
      • Rudabányai Mts.
        • Alsótelekes
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hungarian Mineral Species, 1993
    Iceland
     
    • Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands)
      • Heimaey island
        • Heimaey
    		Mitolo, D., Garavelli, A., Pedersen, L., Balić-Žunić, T., Jakobsson, S.P., Vurro, F. (2008): Mineralogy of actually forming sublimates at Eldfell Volcano, Heimaey (Vestmannaeyjar archipelago), Iceland. Plinius, 34, 322.
      • Surtsey Island
    		Jacobsson et al (1992) Encrustations from Lava Caves in Surtsey, Iceland. A Preliminary Report: Surtsey Research Progress Report X: 73-78 Reykjevik, Iceland.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Russo, M., Punzo, I. (2004): I minerali del Somma-Vesuvio, AMI
      • Phlegrean Volcanic Complex
        • Naples Province
          • Phlegrean Fields
            • Pozzuoli
    		Pichler, H., (1970): Italienische Vulkangebiete II, Bornträger Berlin Stuttgart
    • Sicily
      • Messina Province
        • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
          • Lipari
            • Vulcano Island
    		COSSA A. (1878): Ricerche chimiche su minerali e rocce dell’Isola di Vulcano - Memorie R. Acc. Naz. Lincei - serie 3 - 2, 14 pp.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Atyrau Province (Atyrau Oblysy; Atyrau Oblast')
      • Atyrau (Gur'yev)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Netherlands
     
    • Gelderland
      • Twente
    		T.G. Nijland, J.C. Zwaan, D. Visser, J. Leloux - De mineralen van Nederland - 2007
    Pakistan
     
    • Punjab
      • Salt Range
    		Dana 6: 899; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432 & 449.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
        • Aldan Shield
          • Aldan
            • Inagli Massif
    		Naumov, VB and Kamenetsky, VS and Thomas, R and Kononkova, NN and Ryzhenko, BN (2008): Inclusions of silicate and sulfate melts in chrome diopside from the Inagli deposit, Yakutia, Russia. Geochemistry International, 46, 554-564. [http://eprints.utas.edu.au/7673/1/GeochemInt2008-Inagli.pdf]
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432.
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Zaragoza
        • Remolinos
    		-Calvo, M. (2008). Minerales de Aragón. Prames, Zaragoza, 463 pags.
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Toledo
        • Ocaña
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432.
    Journ. Mines (1808) 23, 5.; Journ.Mines (1808) 23, 5
    • La Rioja
    		Society for Sedimentary Geology. 203-215 (1994).
    Society for Sedimentary Geology. 203-215 (1994).
    • Madrid
      • Chinchón (near San Martín de la Vega)
      • Ciempozuelos (near Aranjuez)
    		- González del Tánago, Ch. and González del Tánago, J. (2002). Minerales y minas de Madrid
    Dammer, Tietze: "Die nutzbaren Mineralien", 1914
    Switzerland
     
    • Aargau
      • Leuggern
        • Felsenau
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 186.
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Kütahya Province
        • Emet
          • Doğanlar village
    		J. García-Veigas, L. Rosell, X. Alcobé, I. Subias, F. Ortí, I. Gündogan and C. Helvaci (2010) Fontarnauite, a New Sulphate-Borate Mineral from the Emet Borate District (Turkey). Macla 13, 97-98.
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Konya Province
        • Great Konya Basin
    		Am Min 66:632-635
      • Niğde Province
    		Altay, T., Karakaya, M.Ç., and Murat, A. (2010): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2010.
    Turkmenistan
     
    • Balkan Province
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 232, 243.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 243.
      • Yavapai Co.
        • Camp Verde District
    		No reference listed
    Tenny, J.B. (1928), The Mineral Industries of AZ, AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 125: 115.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 232.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 232.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 232.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 300, 395; Guild, F.N. (1910), Mineralogy of Arizona; Univ. of AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17), Mineralogy of Useful Minerals in AZ: 37; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 59.
    • California
      • Imperial Co.
        • Bertram
          • Bertram siding
    		[Murch, J & Webb, R (1966) Minerals of California, California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 189]; Berkholz, Mary Frances (1958), Salton Sea glauberite: Gems and Minerals, No. 245 (Feb 1958): 17-19; Araki, T. & T. Zoltai (1967), Refinement of the crystal structure of a glauberite: Am. Min: 52: 1272; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 199-200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 284.
    Reiner Mielke
      • Inyo Co.
        • Death Valley National Park
          • Death Valley
    		Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1915), Salines in the Owens, Searles, and Panamint basins, southeastern California: USGS Bulletin 580: 303; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200, 212; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 284, 285.
    Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1915), Salines in the Owens, Searles, and Panamint basins, southeastern California: USGS Bulletin 580: 303; Hardie, L.A. and Eugster, H.P. (1970) The evolution of closed-basin brines. Mineralogical Society of America Special Paper 3: 273; Hardie, L.A. (1968) The origin of the Recent nonmarine evaporate deposit of Saline Valley, Inyo County, California. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 32: 1287; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 284; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 433.
        • Deep Springs Valley
    		Jones, Blair Francis (1961), Zoning of saline minerals at Deep Spring Lake, California: USGS PP 424-B, Article 83: B200; Jones, Blair Francis (1965), The hydrology and mineralogy of Deep Spring Lake, Inyo County, California. USGS Professional Paper 502-A, 56 pp.: 44; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 285.
      • Lake Co.
        • Sulphur Creek District (Sulfur Creek District; Wilbur Springs District)
          • Clear Lake Oaks
    		Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 182; Silliman, Benjamin, Jr. (1868b), On the occurrence of glauberite at Borax Lake, California: California Academy of Natural Sciences Proceedings: 3: 399; Vonsen, Magnus (1935), The discovery of borates in California: Mineralogist: 3(12): 22; Vonsen, Magnus & G.D. Hanna (1936), Borax Lake, California: California Division Mines Report 32: 103; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 197, 200; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 285.
      • San Bernardino Co.
    		Rath, Gerhart vom (1887),Ueber Glauberit und Hanksit von San Bernardino County: Niederrheinische Gesell. Sitzungsber., Band 44: 233; De Groot, Henry (1890), The Searles borax marsh: California Mining Bureau. Report 10: 535; Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1915), Salines in the Owens, Searles, and Panamint basins, southeastern California: USGS Bulletin 580: 303; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 200; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 433.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Muddy Mountains District
          • White Basin
    		NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Clark County, Nevada
        • St. Thomas District
    		NBMG Bull 62 Geology and Mineral Deposits of Clark County, Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
    		NBMG Bull 58 Geology and Mineral Resources of Mineral County, Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Passaic Co.
        • Paterson
    		Hawkins (1933); MinRecord 9:157-179, Peters, T.A. & Peters, J.J. (1978).
    • New Mexico
      • Doña Ana Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • White Sands National Monument
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Eddy and Lea Counties
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
      • Torrance Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    USGS Prof Paper 68 The Ore Deposits of New Mexico
    • North Dakota
    		Jay Ellis Ransom,1974,Gems and Minerals of America
    • Texas
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432.
    • Utah
      • Box Elder Co.
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Davis Co.
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Salt Lake Co.
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Tooele Co.
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Karakalpakstan (Qaraqalpog'iston) Respublikasi
      • Lower Amu Darya (Amydar'ya) River
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
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