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Hetaerolite

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Big Photo

Mohawk Mine (Clark Station Mine; Pactolus Mine; Wilshire prospect), Mohawk Hill, Pactolus, Clark Mountain District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino Co., California, USA
© 2003 ROM

Show Hetaerolite Photos (30)



Formula:
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
System:TetragonalColour:Black
Hardness:6
Name:From the Greek έταίρος, companion, in allusion to the association with chalcophanite on some type locality specimens.


See also the poorly characterised hydrohetaerolite.

Classification of Hetaerolite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/B.05-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.BB.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:7.2.7.2

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.5.6

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
5 : Oxides of Zn, Cd and Hg
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Type Occurrence of Hetaerolite

Type Locality:Passaic Pit (Marshall Mine; Passaic Mine), Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1877

Physical Properties of Hetaerolite

Lustre:Sub-Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Black
Streak:Dark brown
Hardness (Mohs):6
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
{001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):5.18 g/cm3
Density (calculated):5.23 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hetaerolite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:I41/amd {I41/a 2/m 2/d}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.72Å, c = 9.24Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.615
Unit Cell Volume:V 302.32 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.040 (80)
2.707 (90)
2.855 (50)
2.462 (100)
2.019 (40)
1.5634 (50)
1.5209 (70)

Optical Data of Hetaerolite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 2.340 nε = 2.140
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.200

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High

Chemical Properties of Hetaerolite

Formula:
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
Essential elements:Mn, O, Zn
All elements listed in formula:Mn, O, Zn

Relationship of Hetaerolite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.BB.05Brunogeierite
Fe
2+
2
Ge
4+
 
O
 
4
4.BB.05Chromite
Fe(Cr,Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Coulsonite
Fe
2+
 
V
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Cuprospinel
Cu
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Filipstadite
(Mn,Mg)
 
2
(Sb
 
.5
Fe
 
.5
)O
 
4
4.BB.05Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Galaxite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Hercynite
Fe
2+
 
Al
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Jacobsite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Manganochromite
(Mn,Fe)(Cr,V)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiocoulsonite
MgV
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesiochromite
Mg(Cr,Al,Fe)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnesioferrite
MgFe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Magnetite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Nichromite
(Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Qandilite
(Mg,Fe)
 
2
(Ti,Fe,Al)O
 
4
4.BB.05Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Trevorite
Ni
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Ulvöspinel
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
4
4.BB.05Vuorelainenite
(Mn,Fe)(V,Cr)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.05Zincochromite
ZnCr
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hausmannite
MnMn
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.10Hydrohetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
4.BB.10Iwakiite
Mn(Fe,Mn)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.15Maghemite
Fe
3+
2
O
 
3
4.BB.15Titanomaghemite
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Ti
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,◻)
 
2
O
 
4
4.BB.20Tegengrenite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Sb
5+
0.5
(Mn
3+
 
,Si,Ti)
 
0.5
O
 
4
4.BB.25Xieite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
 
2
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.5.1Zincite
(Zn,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)O
7.5.2Sweetite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.3Ashoverite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.4Wülfingite
Zn(OH)
 
2
7.5.5Gahnite
ZnAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.5.7Hydrohetaerolite
ZnMn
 
2
O
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.5.8Chalcophanite
(Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.5.9Woodruffite
Zn(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
5
O
 
10
·3½H
 
2
O
7.5.10Franklinite
Zn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
O
 
4
7.5.11Monteponite
CdO
7.5.12Montroydite
HgO

Other Names for Hetaerolite

Synonyms:
Hetaerolite (of Moore)Zinc Hausmannite
Other Languages:
German:Hetaerolit
Russian:Гетеролит
Simplified Chinese:锌锰矿
锌黑锰矿
Spanish:Hetaerolita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Hetaerolite

Reference List:

- +
Moore (1877), American Journal of Science: 14: 423.

Palache, C. (1935), The Mineals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, New Jersey, USGS Professional Paper 180: 48.

Frondel and Heinrich (1942), American Mineralogist: 27: 48.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 715-718.

American Mineralogist (1973): 58: 1067.

Internet Links for Hetaerolite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Hetaerolite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Hetaerolite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Eyre Peninsula
        • Middleback Range
          • Iron Knob
    		www.crocoite.com (Steve Sorrell) and refs therein
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Mount Fitton homestead
    		Australian Mineralogist (5), 5-8. (1990)
        • South Flinders Ranges
          • Bunkers Range
            • Wirrealpa area
    • Tasmania
      • Waratah district
        • Magnet
    		Peter Elliot pers comm
    Bulgaria
     
    • Smolyan Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Madan ore field
    		Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Annual Report No. 13, 43-45.
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • El Loa Province
        • Calama
          • Chuquicamata District
    		Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter (Hamburg University), Germany.
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Eifel
        • Mechernich
    		Blass, G., Graf , HW., (1994): Neufunde von Bekannten Fundorten (IX), MW 1/1994
      • Siegerland
        • Müsen
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
          • Sounion Area
            • Agia Varvara Mines (St Barbara Mines)
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8, (1999)
    Iran
     
    • Yazd Province
      • Bafq (Bafgh)
    		Reicher, J., Borg, G., and Rashid, B. (2003): Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 11(2), 209-217
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Domusnovas
          • Oridda
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
      • Sassari Province
        • Alghero
          • Calabona area
    		Fiori, S., Gorga, R., (1995), Hetaerolite e calcofanite di Monte Argentiera nella zona mineraria di Calabona - Vessus (Sardegna nordoccidentale), Il Cercapietre, notiziario del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, N°22, pp.17- 21.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    		Megaw, P.K.M., 1990b, Geology and geochemistry of the Santa Eulalia mining district, Chihuahua, Mexico.: Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Arizona, 549 p
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Swakopmund District
        • Swakopmund
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 336 pp. (in English)
    • Karas Region
      • Lüderitz District
        • Rosh Pinah
    		Borg, G., Karner, K., Buxton, M., Armstrong, R., Schalk van der Merwe, W. (2003): Geology of the Skorpion supergene zinc deposit, southern Namibia. Economic Geology, 98, 749-771.; Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 396 pp. (in English)
    Norway
     
    • Oppland
      • Lunner
        • Grua Mining District
    		Folvik, H. O. (2008): Nytt om mineraler. Tre nye mineraler fra Skjerpemyr, Grua. STEIN 35 (1): 16
    Romania
     
    • Caras-Severin Co.
      • Banat Mts
        • Ocna de Fier-Dognecea District
    		http://minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu
    South Africa
     
    • Northwest Province
      • Marico District
    		Minerals of South Africa; Econ Geol (1990) 85:1172-1185
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Cuevas del Almanzora (Cuevas de Vera)
          • Sierra Almagrera
    		Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Martigny
    		MEISSER, N. et PERSEIL, E.A. (1993): Présence de woodruffite, (Zn, Mn+2)Mn3+4O7 . 1-2 H2O, d'hetaerolite, ZnMn2O4, et d'hydrohetaerolite, HZnMn2-xO4, dans un skarn du Mont Chemin (Valais, Suisse). Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 73, 11-19.
    Meisser, N. & Perseil, E. A. (1993): Occurrence of woodruffite, (Zn,Mn+2)Mn3+4O7.1-2H2O, hetaerolite, ZnMn2O4, and hydrohetaerolite, HZnMn2-xO4, of supergene origin in a skarn of Mount Chemin (Valais, Switzerland). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 73, 11-19. ; Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 213.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Lizard Peninsula
          • Ruan - Grade
            • Kennack
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		[Mineralogical Record Vol 12 No.5 pp307]
              • Calumet and Arizona group of claims (Calumet and Arizona Mining Company group of claims)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 249; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 39.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 249; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 39.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 249, 274.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 249; Wilson, W.E. (1987b), What's new in minerals? The 79 Mine aurichalcite story, Min.Rec.: 18: 299-301.
        • Tombstone Hills
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 39.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 249; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b), Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 143; Rasor, C.A. (1939), Manganese mineralization at Tombstone, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 34: 790-803; Hewett, D.F. & M. Fleischer (1960), Deposits of the manganese oxides, Econ.Geol.: 55: 1-55.
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Hayden area
              • Chilito
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 249; Keith, S.B. (1972), Mineralogy and paragenesis of the 79 mine lead-zinc-copper deposit, Min.Rec.: 3: 247-264.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Pinal Mts
          • Pioneer District
            • Superior
    		Anthony, J. W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 250, 339; Dean, et al (1952), Concentration of oxide manganese ores from vicinity of Winkleman, Pinal Co., AZ, US Bur Mines Rept. Inv. 4848.
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Bear Valley Mining District
    		Leavens & Patton: Axis 4 (1)13p (2008)
        • Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
          • Clark Mountain District
            • Pactolus
              • Mohawk Hill
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 168; Mineralien Welt 1/93: 44.
    • Colorado
      • Lake Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Michigan
      • Iron Co.
    		Shawn Carlson (2010) Mineral News, 26, #11, 1-2 & 9-10.
    • Montana
      • Granite Co.
        • Philipsburg District (Flint Creek District)
    		Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967
    Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967
    Geology and Ore Deposits of the Philipsburg District, Granite Co., Montana; William C. Prinz, 1967
    • Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Candelaria District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Muncy Creek District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Palache(1935):49; Dunn(1995):Pt4:598-599.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt4:598.
    Frondel, C. & Heinrich, E.W.: Am.Min.:27:48-56 (1942); Frondel, C. & Klein, C., Jr.: Am.Min.:50:1670-1680 (1965); Dunn(1995):Pt4:598-599.
    C. Lemanski, Jr.
    • New Mexico
      • Eddy Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Santa Fe Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    Min Rec 20:1 p63
      • Socorro Co.
    		M Massis collection
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • East Tintic District
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Mashonaland West
      • Kadoma District
    		Vetter, U., Weck, H.-D., Weale, T., Klosa, D., Wittich, C. and Hoffmann, K. (1999): A provisional inventory of the Sanyati oxide-zone minerals, Zimbabwe. Z. Angew. Geol. 45, 15-21.
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