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Kaersutite

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Big Photo

Nickenicher Weinberg Mt. (Nickenicher Sattelberg Mt.), Nickenich, Andernach, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© SMS 2007

Show Kaersutite Photos (53)



Formula:
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
System:MonoclinicColour:Dark brown to black
Lustre:VitreousHardness:5 - 6
Member of:Calcic Clino-Amphibole Subgroup > Amphibole Group
Name:For the locality at Qaersut (Kaersut), Uummannaq (Umanak) Firth, northern Greenland


Amphibole Group. Calcic Clino-Amphibole Subgroup. Ferrokaersutite-Kaersutite Series.

Note: most kaersutites from the Eifel area (Germany) are probably not reliably identified (i.e., the identification was not based on quantitative chemical analyses and additional diffraction and spectroscopic analyses).

Classification of Kaersutite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.10-150
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DE.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
E : Inosilicates with 2-periodic double chains, Si4O11; Clinoamphiboles
Dana 8th edition ID:66.1.3a.18

66 : INOSILICATES Double-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=2)
1 : Amphiboles - Mg-Fe-Mn-Li subgroup
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.14.4

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
14 : Aluminosilicates of Ti, Zr, Sn and Pb
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-2129.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Kaersutite

Type Locality:Qaersut (Kaersut), Uummannaq (Umanak) Firth, Kitaa (West Greenland) Province, Greenland
Year of Discovery:1884

Physical Properties of Kaersutite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:Dark brown to black
Streak:Pale brownish-grey
Hardness (Mohs):5 - 6
Cleavage:Perfect
on {110}

Crystallography of Kaersutite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 9.89Å, b = 18.05Å, c = 5.31Å
β = 105.41°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.548 : 1 : 0.294
Unit Cell Volume:V 913.83 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Crystal Atlas:
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Kaersutite - {010}, {110}, {011}, modified
Kaersutite - {011}, {010}, {110}, modified
Kaersutite - {110}, {010}, {011}, modified
Kaersutite - Contact twin on {100}
Kaersutite - {110}, {010}, {011}, modified
Kaersutite - Prismatic [001], with epitaxial augite

About Crystal Atlas

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Optical Data of Kaersutite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.670 - 1.689 nβ = 1.690 - 1.741 nγ = 1.700 - 1.772
2V:Measured: 66° to 82°, Calculated: 68° to 72°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030 - 0.083

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v strong

Chemical Properties of Kaersutite

Formula:
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
Essential elements:Al, Ca, H, Mg, Na, O, Si, Ti
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, H, Mg, Na, O, Si, Ti
Common Impurities:Fe,Mn,K,F,H2O

Relationship of Kaersutite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Ferrokaersutite (see here)
Member of:Calcic Clino-Amphibole Subgroup > Amphibole Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Barroisite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferro-Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferro-aluminotschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferro-Ferritschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrobarroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrohornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrokaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
Ferropargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrorichterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrotschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Ferrowinchite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Fluor-cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
Fluoro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
Fluoro-potassicrichterite
{K}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
Hastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
IMA2009-091
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
Katophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiohastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiohornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiokatophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiosadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Parvo-manganotremolite
☐{CaMn
2+
 
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Potassic-Ferrisadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Potassicpargasite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Potassicsadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Taramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Tremolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Tschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Winchite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DE.05Anthophyllite
☐{Mg
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Cummingtonite
☐{Mg
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Clinoferroholmquistite
☐{Li
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH,F)
 
2
9.DE.05Grunerite
☐{Fe
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Manganocummingtonite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Manganogrunerite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Permanganogrunerite
☐{Mn
2+
2
}{Mn
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.05Fluoro-sodic-ferropedrizite
{Na}{Li
 
2
}{Fe
 
2
Al
 
2
Li}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.05IMA2009-085
{Na}{Na
 
2
}{Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.10Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Alumino-ferro-hornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Alumino-magnesio-hornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Aluminotschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferritschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferro-Actinolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferrohornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Ferrotschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Joesmithite
{Pb}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Magnesiohornblende
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Tremolite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Tschermakite
☐{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
 
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Fluor-cannilloite
{Ca}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Parvo-manganotremolite
☐{CaMn
2+
 
}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.10Fluorotremolite
☐Ca
 
2
Mg
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
22
F
 
2
9.DE.10IMA2009-091
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.15Edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Ferro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Ferrokaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
9.DE.15Ferropargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Hastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Magnesiohastingsite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Magnesiosadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Pargasite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Sadanagaite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Fluoro-edenite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
5
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-Ferrisadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassic-Magnesiosadanagaite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Potassicpargasite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Potassicsadanagaite
{K}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Fluoro-magnesiohastingsite
[Na][Ca
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][F
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Ferriwhittakerite
Na(Na
 
1.0-1.5
Li
 
0.5-1.0
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
2
Mg
 
2
Li)Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Ferri-ottoliniite
◻(Na
 
1
Li
 
1
)(Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
)[Si
 
8
O
 
22
](OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Fluoro-potassichastingsite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
][(F,OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Chloro-potassichastingsite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
][(Cl,OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Fluoropargasite
NaCa
 
2
(Mg
 
4
Al)Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.15Parvo-mangano-edenite
Na[CaMn
2+
 
][Mg
 
5
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Chloro-potassicpargasite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Al][(Cl,OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Chloro-potassic-ferro-edenite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Fe
2+
5
][(Cl,OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Potassic-magnesiohastingsite
[K][Ca
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.15Potassic-ferropargasite
KCa
 
2
(Fe
2+
4
Al)Si
 
6
Al
 
2
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Aluminobarroisite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Aluminokatophorite
9.DE.20Aluminotaramite
Na[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Barroisite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferri-ferrobarroisite
☐[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Ferri-ferrowinchite
☐[CaNa][Fe
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferribarroisite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Ferritaramite
Na[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Ferrikatophorite
NaCaNaFe
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Alumino-ferrobarroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferrobarroisite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferrorichterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferrowinchite
☐{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Katophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferri-magnesiotaramite
Na[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Taramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Fe
2+
3
AlFe
3+
 
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Winchite
☐{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Alumino-Magnesiotaramite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Fluororichterite
Na[CaNa][Mg
 
5
][(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20Magnesiokatophorite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
4
Al}(AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Fluoro-potassicrichterite
{K}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(F,OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Potassicrichterite
K[CaNa][Mg
 
5
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Parvowinchite
☐[Mn
2+
 
Na][Mg
 
4
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Ferriwinchite
☐[CaNa][Mg
 
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.20Fluoro-alumino-magnesiotaramite
Na[CaNa][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][F
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.20IMA2007-015
K[CaNa][Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Eckermannite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
4
Al]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-eckermannite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
4
Al]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferroglaucophane
◻[Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
3
Al
 
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Glaucophane
◻[Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Kornite
[(Na,K)][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Mn
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Kôzulite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mn
2+
4
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Leakeite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Magnesioriebeckite
◻[Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Fe
3+
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Magnesio-arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Nybøite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Riebeckite
◻[Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ungarettiite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mn
2+
2
Mn
3+
3
][O
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Ferric-ferronybøite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Ferri-clinoferroholmquistite
◻[Li
 
2
][Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferric-nybøite
[Na][Na
 
2
][(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
Fe
3+
2
][(OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Ferroleakeite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-ferroleakeite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li][(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Sodic-ferri-clinoferroholmquistite
☐{Li
 
2
}{Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
2
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-magnesio-arfvedsonite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][(F,OH)
 
2
|[Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Sodic-ferripedrizite
[Na][Li
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Potassicleakeite
[K][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoronybøite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
Al
 
2
][(F,OH)
 
2
|AlSi
 
7
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Dellaventuraite
NaNa
 
2
(MgMn
3+
2
LiTi
4+
 
)Si
 
8
O
 
22
O
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-sodicpedrizite
[Na][Li
 
2
][Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
Li][(F,OH)
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Potassicarfvedsonite
[(K,Na)][Na
 
2
][Fe
2+
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Obertiite
[Na][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
3
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
][O
 
2
|Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Fluoro-potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite
[(K,Na)][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
][(F,OH)
 
2
|[Si
 
8
O
 
22
]
9.DE.25Sodic-ferri-ferropedrizite
[Na][Li
 
2
][Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Li]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Potassic-magnesio-arfvedsonite
[K][Na
 
2
][Mg
 
4
Fe
3+
 
]Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Sodicpedrizite
NaLi
 
2
(LiMg
 
2
Fe
3+
 
Al)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Sodic-ferropedrizite
NaLi
 
2
(LiFe
2+
2
Al)Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Pedrizite
Li
 
2
(Li,Mg,Fe
2+
 
Al)
 
5
Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Ferropedrizite
NaLi
 
2
[Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
 
AlLi)Si
 
8
O
 
22
(OH)
 
2
9.DE.25Fluoro-aluminoleakeite
NaNa
 
2
(Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
Li)(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)F
 
2
9.DE.25Ferro-obertiite
NaNa
 
2
(Fe
2+
3
Fe
3+
 
Ti)Si
 
8
O
 
22
O
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
16.14.1Zorite
Na
 
8
(Ti,Nb)
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)
 
2
(OH,O)
 
5
 · 14H
 
2
O
16.14.2Vinogradovite
(Na,Ca,K)
 
4
Ti
 
4
AlSi
 
6
O
 
23
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
16.14.3Rhönite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
6
[O
 
2
|(Si,Al)
 
6
O
 
18
]
16.14.5Ferrokaersutite
{Na}{Ca
 
2
}{Fe
2+
4
Ti}(Al
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
22
)(OH)O
16.14.6Jonesite
Ba
 
4
(K,Na)
 
2
Ti
 
4
Al
 
2
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
16.14.7Lourenswalsite
(K,Ba)
 
2
(Ti,Mg,Ca,Fe)
 
4
(Si,Al,Fe)
 
6
O
 
14
(OH)
 
12
16.14.8Labuntsovite-Mn
Na
 
4
K
 
4
(Ba,K)
 
2
Mn
2+
 
(Ti,Nb)
 
8
(Si
 
4
O
 
12
)
 
4
(O,OH)
 
8
 · 10-12H
 
2
O
16.14.9Kimzeyite
Ca
 
3
(Zr,Ti)
 
2
((Si,Al,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
4
)
 
3
16.14.10Ellenbergerite
Mg
 
6
(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)
 
2
(Al,Mg)
 
6
Si
 
8
O
 
28
(OH)
 
10
16.14.11Carlosturanite
(Mg,Fe,Ti)
 
21
(Si,Al)
 
12
O
 
28
(OH)
 
34
16.14.12Eakerite
Ca
 
2
SnAl
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
18
(OH)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
16.14.13Plumalsite
Pb
 
4
Al
 
2
(SiO
 
3
)
 
7
16.14.14Wickenburgite
CaPb
 
3
Al
 
2
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
16.14.15Maricopaite
Pb
 
7
Ca
 
2
(Si,Al)
 
48
O
 
100
 · 32H
 
2
O
16.14.16Epidote-(Pb)
{CaPb}{Al
 
2
Fe
3+
 
}(Si
 
2
O
 
7
)(SiO
 
4
)O(OH)
16.14.17Burckhardtite
Pb
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)Te
4+
 
(AlSi
 
3
O
 
10
)O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
16.14.18Mathewrogersite
Pb
 
7
FeAl
 
3
GeSi
 
12
O
 
36
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6

Other Names for Kaersutite

Synonyms:
Oxykaersutite
Other Languages:
German:Kaersutit
Russian:Керсутит
Simplified Chinese:钛闪石
Spanish:Kaersutita
Varieties:
Linosite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Kaersutite

Reference List:

- +
Kitamura, M. and Tokonami, M. (1971) The crystal structure of kaersutite. Sci. Rep Tohoku Univ., ser. 3: 11: 125-141.

Mineralogical Record: 29: 169-174.

Hawthorne, F.C. and Grundy, H.D. (1973b) The crystal chemistry of the amphiboles. II. Refinement of the crystal structure of oxykaersutite. Mineralogical Magazine: 39: 390-400.

Kitamura, M., Tokonami, M., Koto, K., Horiuchi, H., and Morimoto, N. (1973) Caton ordering in kaersutite by neutron diffraction. Mineral. Soc. Japan. Journal: 11: 49.

Kitamura, M., Tokonami, M., and Morimoto, N. (1975) Distribution of titanium atoms in oxy-kaersutite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 51: 167-172.

Garcia, M. (1980): Volatiles in Ti-rich amphibole megacrysts, southwest USA, American Mineralogist, Vol. 65, 306-312

Jirak, Z., Pechar, F., and Vratislav S. (1986) Distribution of cations and the proton location in kaersutite. Cryst. Res. Technol.: 21: 1517-1519.

Pechar, F., Fuess, H., and Joswig, W. (1989) Refinement of the crystal structure of kaersutite (Vlčí Hora, Bohemia) from neutron diffraction. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1989): 137-143.

Dyar, M.D., Mackwell, S.J., McGuire, A.V., Cross, L.R., and Robertson, J.D. (1993) Crystal chemistry of Fe 3+ and H+ in mantle kaersutite: implications for mantle metasomatism. American Mineralogist: 78: 968-979.

Popp, R.K., Virgo, D., and Phillips, M. (1995) H deficiency in kaersutitic amphiboles: experimental verification. American Mineralogist: 80: 1347-1350.

Tiepolo, M., Zanetti, A., and Oberti, R. (1999) Detection, crystal-chemical mechanisms and petrological implications of [6]Ti 4+ partitioning in pargasite and kaersutite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 11: 345-354.

Hawthorne, Frank C., and Roberta Oberti (2006), On the classification of amphiboles: Canadian Mineralogist:
44(1): 1-21.

Internet Links for Kaersutite

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    • Localities for Kaersutite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Tamanghasset Province
      • Ahaggar Mts (Hoggar Mts)
        • Laouni
    		J.P. Lorand and J.Y. Cottin, Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 373-378.
    Angola
     
    • Huíla Province
      • Lubango City Council
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 1001-1024.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Victoria Land
        • Ross Island
    		Kyle et al (1992) Journal of Petrology, 33, 849-875.
    • Western Antarctica
      • Marie Byrd Land
        • Executive Committee Range
    		R.H. Grapes et al. , Min. Mag. , August 2003, Vol. 67, N°4, pp. 639-651.
    Atlantic Ocean
     
    • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
      • Sierra Leone fracture zone
        • Markov Deep
    		Sharkov, E.V., Abramov, S.S., Simonov, V.A., Krinov, D.I., Skolotnev, S.G., Bel’tenev, V.E., and Bortnikov, N.S. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(6), 467-486.
    Australia
     
    • Victoria
      • Camperdown
    		Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
      • City of Greater Geelong
        • Anakie
    		Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
      • Phillip Island
        • Kitty Miller Bay
    Austria
     
    • Burgenland
      • Oberpullendorf
        • Kobersdorf
          • Pauliberg Mt.
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Brazil
     
    • Ceará
    		www.agp.org.br/acervo/geociencias/Guimaraes-Ignez2.htm.
    • Espírito Santo
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 687-695.
    • Santa Catarina
    		1995, Geochimica Brasiliensis, 8: 179-214.
    Cameroon
     
    • North Region
    		Ngounouno, I., Moreau, Ch., Deruelle, B., Demaiffe, D., Montigny, R. (2001): Petrologie du complexe alcalin sous-sature de Kokoumi (Cameroun), Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France; November 2001; vol. 172; no. 6; p. 675-686
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
    		Edingtonite and Natrolite from Ice river, British Columbia, Grice, Gault, 1981; Mineralogical Record 12 221-226
    • Nova Scotia
      • Yarmouth Co.
    		CanMin 38:217-232 (2000)
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Mitchell (1991)
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Rouville RCM
          • Mont Saint-Hilaire
    		Horváth, L and Gault, R.A. (1990), The mineralogy of Mont Saint-Hilaire Quebec. Mineralogical Record: 21: 284-359.
      • Montréal
    		Chartrand (1999)
    Lacroix (1890)
    McGill U. XRD & EMPA WDS
    Channel Islands
     
    • Jersey
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1977 41 : 183-192
    Mineralogical Magazine 1977 41 : 183-192
      • St Helier
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1977 41 : 183-192
    China
     
    Chun Zhai, Jinhui Lin, and Xiasheng Gong (1999): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 19(1), 63-69
    • Qinghai (Chinghai) Province
      • Haixi Autonomous Prefecture
    		Shuguang Song, Lifei Zhang, Jing Chen, Liou, J.G., and Yaoling Niu (2005): American Mineralogist 90, 814-820.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Hradec Králové Region
        • Nová Paka (Neupaka)
    		http://www.mineralos.cz/lokality/hridele/uhride.htm
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Kraslice (Graslitz)
    		Beran, P.: Mineralogie ložiska Cu (Ag, Au, Co) rud Tisová u Kraslic. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 65-77.
      • Liberec Region
        • Jizerské Mts (Iser Mts)
    		Kotrlý, M., Malíková, P., Holub F. X.: Malá Jizerská louka, klasické naleziště drahokamové asociace. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 25-40. and Kotrlý, M., Malíková, P.: Klasická lokalita Malá Jizerská louka. Minerál, 2002, roč. 10, č. 4, s. 251 - 262.
        • Kozákov (Kosakow)
    		Pauliš, P.: Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech. Kutná Hora: Kuttna, 2000, s. 57-58.
      • Plzeň Region
        • Černošín (Tschernoschin)
    		Navrátil, Z., Šrein, V.: Krystalovaný olivín v tufech Vlčí hory u Černošína. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 177-178; Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1989): 137-143..
        • Konstantinovy Lazne
    		Shrbený, O. (1979): Geochemistry of the West Bohemian neovolcanics. - Čas.mineral. geol., 24, 1, 9-21.
      • Ústí Region
        • Bílina (Bilin)
    		Ulrych, J., Kašpar, P.: Physical and chemical properties of the oxikaersutite from Lukov, NW Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1977, vol. 21, nos. 3-4, s. 245-265.
        • Děčín (Tetschen)
    		Pauliš P. Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, part I. Kuttna 2000, Kutná Hora
        • Teplice (Teplitz)
          • Bořislav
    		Pauliš, P. Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech, Kuttna, Kzutná Hora, 2000.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Moravia-Silesia Region
        • Frýdlant nad Ostravicí
    		Kudělásek, V., Mandour, M. A., Matýsek, D.: Výskyt witheritu a barytu v těšínitických horninách na lokalitě Kunčice pod Ondřejníkem. Časopis pro mineralogii a geologii, 1989, roč. 34, č. 2, s. 205-207.
    Egypt
     
    • Red Sea
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1993, 5, pp. 1039-1056.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Cantal
        • Riom-ès-Montagnes
          • Menet
    		Etienne Médard (work in progress)
      • Haute-Loire
        • Saint-Julien-Chapteuil
          • Saint-Pierre-Eynac
    		C. Cotonian et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 89-95.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Massat
          • Le Port
            • Col d'Agnès
              • Etang de Lherz
    		J.L. Bodinier et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 345-358
    J.L. Bodinier et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1987, 110, pp. 345-358 / J.P. Lorand, 1989, Lithos, 23, 281-299
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Andernach
          • Kruft
    		Duda, A., Schmincke HU., Quaternary Basanites, Melilite Nephelinites + Tephrites from the Laacher See area, N.Jb.Miner.Abh. 132, 1-33, Stuttgart, April 1978
          • Nickenich
    		Hand Egon Künzel, Günter Blaß, Willi Schüller (2011) Mineralien - Bomben - Grottensteine: Der Nickenicher Weinberg. Lapis, 36, #7-8, 55-66
        • Daun
          • Brück-Dreis
    		[Dyar, D., et al.,1993, Crystal chemistry of Fe3+ and H+ in mantle Kaersutite, American Mineralogist, Vol. 78, 968-979] [Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922]
        • Gerolstein
          • Rockeskyll
            • Rockeskyll volcanic complex
    		Riley, T., Bailey, K., lloyd, F.,, Extrusive carbonatite from the quaternary Rockeskyll complex, West Eifel, Germany, Can. Min., Vol 34, 389-401, 1996
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
    [Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors]
              • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
        • Mendig
          • Bell
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Schäfer, Ch., Tschörtner, J., (2006): Minerale der Eifelvulkane, Version 1.0, CD, published by authors
        • Polch
          • Ochtendung
    		P & E Medard collection
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Uummannaq (Umanak) Firth
    		Am Min 78 (1993), 968
    • Tunu (East Greenland) Province
    		http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/green.htm
      • Kangerlussuaq Firth
        • Kangerlussuaq complex
    		MinRec 16:485-494
    Hungary
     
    • Baranya Co.
      • Mecsek Mts.
        • Hetvehely
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
        • Hosszúhetény
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec., 1993
    • Nógrád Co.
      • Karancs-Medves Mts.
        • Bárna
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
        • Salgótarján
        • Somoskő
        • Szilaspagony
    India
     
    • Maharashtra
      • Mumbai District (Bombay District)
        • Murud-Janjira
    		A.G. Dessai et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1990, 2, pp. 667-685.
    Italy
     
    • Puglia
      • Foggia Province
        • Gargano Promontory
          • Lesina
    		Russo, M. (2008): I minerali delle Vulcaniti di Punta delle Pietre Nere nel Gargano (Lesina, Foggia, Italy). MICRO (località). Periodico dell'Associazione Micro-mineralogica Italiana, 2008(2). 227-244.
    • Sicily
      • Agrigento Province
        • Pelagic Islands
    		Journal of Petrology, 4, #2, 198-210 (1963); Henry Stephens Washington (1908) American Journal of Science, Series 4, V 26, 187-211.
      • Catania Province
        • Etna Volcanic Complex
    		 http://perso.club-internet.fr/rivierec/decembre_-_novembre_2001.htm.
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Fiemme Valley
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    Folie K. (Ed.) (1984): I minerali del Trentino e dell'Alto Adige. Tappainer, Merano, 192pp.
    Japan
     
    • Chugoku Region
      • Shimane Prefecture
        • Oki Islands
    		Nishikubo collection
    • Hokkaido
      • Hidaka Province
        • Samani-gun
          • Samani-cho
            • Horoman peridotite body
    		E. Takazawa et al. , Journal of Petrology, V 40, N 12, December 1999, pp. 1827-1851.
    Morocco
     
    • Oriental Region
      • Taourirt Province
        • Taourirt
    		Journal of Petrology, Vol. 44, Number 5, 2003, pp. 937-965.
    Namibia
     
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
        • Windhoek
          • Aris
    		von Knorring, O. and Franke, W. (1987): A preliminary note on the mineralogy and geochemistry of the Aris phonolite, SWA/Namibia. Comm. Geol. Surv. S.W.Africa (Namibia) 3, 61; [http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/aris.htm]
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Otago
        • Dunedin District
    		Am Min 60:722-725
    Mason, B. (1968): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 19, 316-327.
    Norway
     
    • Hedmark
      • Hamar
    		Carstens, H. (1963): On variolitic structure. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 223, 26-42
    • Oslo
      • Grorud
    		Kvamsdal, Lars O., 1999. Mineralene fra Huken pukkverk i Oslo. Stein, årg. 26, nr. 4, p. 39.
    Portugal
     
    • Lisboa District
    		Rui Nunes 2010
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 720-731.
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Lučenec Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    M. Huraiova et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 901-916.
        • Podrečany
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
        • Hajnačka
    		Uher P., Gregáňová G., Szakall S., 2006: Sapphire-bearingh syenite xenolith from Gortva, Cérová Mountains, Slovakia. Acta Miner.-Petrograph.,Abstract Series 5, Szeged, p.124
    • Nitra Region
      • Levice Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Prešov Region
      • Prešov Co.
        • Červenica
    		Duda,R. et. all.,1981: MIneralogia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca,Monografia 2, Bratislava, 98p
    Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
    South Korea
     
    • Gyeongsangbuk-do (Kyongsang-bukto; Gyeongsangbugdo)
      • Ulleung-gun
    		Atsuo Harumoto (1970) Volcanic Rocks and Associated Rocks of Utsuryoto Island, (Japan Sea). (39pp + geological map)
    Lee, M.W. (1982) journal of the Japan Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 77, 203-214.
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Jaén
    		CanMin 40:67-83
    • Canary Islands
      • Las Palmas Province
        • Gran Canaria (Grand Canary)
    		H.U. Schmincke and M. Sumita : "Tephra Event Stratigraphy and Emplacement of Volcanoclastic Sediments, Mogan and Fataga Stratigraphic Intervals, Part II : Origin and Emplacement of Volcanoclastic Layers", LEG 157—SCIENTIFIC RESULTS (ISSN: 1096-7451), Gran Canaria and Madeira Abyssal Plain, Sites 950-956, http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/157_SR/Abstract/15.HTM
          • Tejeda
    		Frisch, T., Schmincke, H.-U., (1969): Petrology of Clinopyroxene-Amphibole inclusions from the roque nublo volcanics, Gran Canaria, Bulletin of Volcanology, Vol. 33, 1073-1088
    Klügel A, Hansteen TH: Petrologic evolution of a peridotite-, cumulate- and MORB-gabbro-bearing tephriphonolite on La Palma (Canary Islands). Poster, AGU Fall Meeting 1998, San Francisco
      • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
        • La Gomera
          • Valle Gran Rey
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 2002, 14, pp. 891-904.
    Rodríguez-Losada, J.A., and Martínez-Frías, J. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 639-643.
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Ciudad Real
    		Hernández, A., Jébrak, M., Higueras, P., Oyarzun, R., Morata, D., and Munhá, J. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 539-548.
    Martins da Pedra collection
    • Murcia
      • Cartagena
        • Tallante
          • Cabezo Negro de Tallante
    		S. Capedri et al. : "Upper-mantle xenoliths and megacrysts in an alkali basalt from Tallante, South-eastern Spain", Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 685-699.
    S. Capedri et al. : "Upper-mantle xenoliths and megacrysts in an alkali basalt from Tallante, South-eastern Spain", Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 685-699.
    Sweden
     
    • Ångermanland
      • Kramfors
    		Sandström, F. (1999): Sprickmineraliseringar i postjotnisk diabas i Berghamn, Kramfors, Västernorrlands län. Litiofilen 16 (2): 37-46
    • Medelpad
      • Sundsvall
    		No reference listed
    Sandström, F., Binett, T., Wiklund, C. & Vikström, J. (2010): Alnöområdets geologi och mineralogi. Litiofilen. 27 (2) :14-42
    The Moon
    J. Frondel (2009), Lunar Mineralogy, Wiley Interscience
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Wadebridge District
          • Area West of Wadebridge
    		No reference listed
    • Scotland
      • Strathclyde (Argyllshire)
        • Isle of Mull
    		B.G.J. Upton et al. , Journal of the Geological Society, 1998, V 155, N° 5, pp 813-828.
      • Strathclyde (Ayrshire)
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 718-720
    • Wales
      • Conwy (Gwynedd; Caernarvonshire)
        • Northern Snowdonia
    		Merriman, R. J., Bevins, R.E. & Ball, T.K., 1986. Petrology and geochemical variation within the Tal y Fan Intrusion: a study of element mobility during low-grade metamorphism with implications for petro-tectonic modelling. Journal of Petrology, 27, 1409-1436.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 264, 378; Evans, S.H. & Nash (1979); Lynch, D.J. (1976).
      • Coconino Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 264.
      • Gila Co.
        • San Carlos Indian Reservation
    Garcia, M.O., et al (1980), Volatiles in Ti-rich amphibole megacrysts, southwestern USA, American Mineralogist: 65: 306-312
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 264; Mason, B. (1968), Kaersutite from San Carlos, AZ, with comments on the paragenesis of this mineral, Min.Mag.: 36: 997-1002.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 221; Caporuscio, F.A. (1980), Alkalic lavas from the San Carlos, Arizona province (abstract), Amer. Geophys. Union, 1979 Fall annual meeting.
        • Minnesota District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd. ed.: 265; Campbell, I. & Schenk, E.T. (1950), Camptonite dikes near Boulder Dam, AZ, Am.Min.: 35:671-692; Garcia, M.O. et al (1980),Volatiles in Ti-rich amphibole megacrysts, SW USA, Am.Min.: 65:306-312; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 93.
    Garcia, M.O. et al (1980),Volatiles in Ti-rich amphibole megacrysts, SW USA, Am.Min.: 65:306-312
        • Uinkaret Plateau
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 265; Best, M.G. (1970), Kaersutite-peridotite inclusions and kindred megacrysts in basanic lavas, Grand Canyon, AZ, Contrib.Min.Petr: 27:25-44.
    • Arkansas
      • Pulaski Co.
        • Little Rock
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125; Rocks and Minerals, (1989) 64:314-322
    Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
    • California
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Coastal Range
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 402.
      • San Bernardino Co.
    • Colorado
      • Fremont Co.
    		USGS Prof Paper 649
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Teller Co.
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Hawaii
      • Hawaii Co. (Hawaii Island)
    		Patrick J. Shamberger (2004) LEUCOCRATIC & GABBROIC XENOLITHS FROM HUALALAI VOLCANO, HAWAI'I. - A thesis submitted to the graduate division of the University of Hawai'i in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology and Geophysics, December 2004.
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin Co.
        • Auburn
    		King & Foord, 1994: Mineralogy of Maine, V.1
    • Massachusetts
      • Middlesex Co.
        • Cambridge
    		Ross, Martin E. (2010): An Early Triassic 40Ar/39Ar age for a camptonite dyke in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (Atlantic Geology, Volume 46).
    • Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Moultonborough
    		J. Petrol. 33:1193-1218 (1992)
      • Grafton Co.
    		 http://pages.cthome.net/gregmchone/NEGSA84abstract.pdf.
    • New Jersey
      • Hunterdon Co.
        • Brookville
    		Jour. Petrology:10(2):212 (1969).
    • New York
      • Orange Co.
        • Town of Tuxedo
    		Marian Lupulescu (2008) Rocks and Minerals, 83, #3.
    • Rhode Island
      • Washington Co.
        • Westerly
    • Vermont
      • Rutland Co.
        • Shrewsbury
    		Woolley (1987), Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World.; Eby, G. N. and McHone, J. G. (1997) Plutonic and hypabyssal intrusions of the Early Cretaceous
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