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Apjohnite

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Terlano (Terlan), Adige Valley (Etsch Valley), Bolzano Province (South Tyrol), Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy
© DM06

Show Apjohnite Photos (5)
Formula:
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Colourless, white, light ...
Hardness:1½ - 2
Name:For James Apjohn (1796-1886), Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.


Halotrichite Group

At least a partial (and probably a complete ?) series toward Apjohnite exists from Pickeringite and Halotrichite.

Classification of Apjohnite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/C.12-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.CB.85

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:29.7.3.3

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
7 : AB2(XO4)4·H2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.9.7

25 : Sulphates
9 : Sulphates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Apjohnite

Type Locality:Bahía de Maputo (Maputo Bay; Delagoa Bay; Lourenco Marques Bay), Maputo Province, Mozambique
Year of Discovery:1847

Physical Properties of Apjohnite

Lustre:Silky
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colourless, white, light pink, light yellow, light green.
Hardness (Mohs):1½ - 2
Density (measured):1.78 g/cm3

Crystallography of Apjohnite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 6.19Å, b = 24.34Å, c = 21.26Å
β = 100.28°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.254 : 1 : 0.873
Unit Cell Volume:V 3,151.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals acicular aggregated into masses and crusts; also asvbestosform.

Optical Data of Apjohnite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.478 nβ = 1.482 nγ = 1.482
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.004

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Apjohnite

Formula:
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, H, Mn, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Al, H, Mn, O, S
Analytical Data:
Soluble in water.

Relationship of Apjohnite to other Species

Member of Group:
Halotrichite Group:
MAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.CB.05Dwornikite
(Ni,Fe)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Gunningite
(Zn,Mn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Kieserite
MgSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Poitevinite
(Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szmikite
MnSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szomolnokite
FeSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Cobaltkieserite
CoSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.07Sanderite
MgSO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
7.CB.10Bonattite
CuSO
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Aplowite
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Boyleite
(Zn,Mg)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Ilesite
(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Rozenite
FeSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Starkeyite
MgSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15IMA2002-034
CdSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Chalcanthite
CuSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Jôkokuite
MnSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Pentahydrite
MgSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Siderotil
FeSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Bianchite
(Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Chvaleticeite
(Mn,Mg)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Ferrohexahydrite
FeSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Hexahydrite
MgSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Moorhouseite
(Co,Ni,Mn)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Nickelhexahydrite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.30Retgersite
NiSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Bieberite
CoSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Boothite
CuSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Mallardite
MnSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Melanterite
FeSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Zincmelanterite
(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Alpersite
(Mg,Cu)[SO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Epsomite
MgSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Goslarite
ZnSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Morenosite
NiSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·17H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Meta-alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·12H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Coquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Paracoquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Rhomboclase
(H
 
5
O
 
2
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
7.CB.60Kornelite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.65Quenstedtite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·10H
 
2
O
7.CB.70Lausenite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Lishizhenite
ZnFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·14H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Römerite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·14H
 
2
O
7.CB.80Ransomite
CuFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Bílinite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Dietrichite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Halotrichite
FeAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Pickeringite
MgAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Redingtonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Wupatkiite
(Co,Mg,Ni)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.90Meridianiite
MgSO
 
4
·11H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.9.1Szmikite
MnSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
25.9.2Jôkokuite
MnSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
25.9.3Mallardite
MnSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
25.9.4Manganolangbeinite
K
 
2
Mn
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
25.9.5Chvaleticeite
(Mn,Mg)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
25.9.6Despujolsite
Ca
 
3
Mn
4+
 
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 3H
 
2
O
25.9.8Shigaite
Al
 
4
Mn
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
22
·8H
 
2
O
25.9.9Ilesite
(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
25.9.10Mooreite
(Mg,Zn,Mn
2+
 
)
 
15
[(OH)
 
13
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
25.9.11Torreyite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
9
Zn
 
4
[(OH)
 
11
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
25.9.12Lawsonbauerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
9
Zn
 
4
[(OH)
 
11
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
25.9.13Dietrichite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O

Other Names for Apjohnite

Other Languages:
German:Apjohnit
Manganalaun
Russian:Апджонит
Spanish:Apjohnita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Apjohnite

Reference List:Apjohn (1838) Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 12: 103 (as Manganese Alum).

Kane (1838) Annalen der Physik, Halle, Leipzig: 44: 471.

Glocker, E.F. (1847) Generum et specierum mineralien secundum ordines naturals digestorum synopsis. Halle: 298.

Ludwig (1870) Arch. Pharm.: 143: 97.

Brown (1884) American Chemical Journal: 6: 97.

Kokta (1939) Sborník Klubu Příroda.: 19: 75 (Min. Abs.: 7: 316 [1939]).

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 527-528.

Mineralogical Magazine (1976): 40: 599.

Internet Links for Apjohnite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Apjohnite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Apjohnite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Apjohnite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Chile
     
    • Tarapacá Region
      • Iquique Province
        • Pampa del Tamarugal
    		Peter G. Seroka collection
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Pardubice Region
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Bolzano Province (South Tyrol)
        • Adige Valley (Etsch Valley)
    		No reference listed
    Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Mozambique
     
    • Maputo Province
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 528; Mineralogical Magazine (1976): 40: 599.
    Romania
     
    • Alba Co.
    		Onac, B. P. et al. (2003): STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVIII, 1, 29-44. [http://bioge.ubbcluj.ro/studia/pdf/2003/Onac.pdf]
    • Hunedoara Co.
      • Cerna valley
    		Onac, B. P. (2009): ACTA CARSOLOGICA 38/1, 27-39
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Smolnik Mining District
    		Kokta (1939) Sborník Klubu Příroda.: 19: 75 (Min. Abs.: 7: 316 [1939]); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 528; Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
        • Červenica (Czerwenitza)
          • Dubník
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    USA
     
    • Colorado
      • Mineral Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Cactus Springs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
        • Wedekind District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Santa Fe Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
          • Golden
            • Ortiz mine
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Pennsylvania
      • Columbia Co.
    		Scientific study done by Matt Livingood, Jason Winicaties, and Jared Stein, located at:http://www.offroaders.com/album/centralia/study/ESL201Paper.htm
    • Tennessee
      • Sevier Co.
        • Great Smoky Mts
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 528l; American Mineralogist (2000): 85: 1561.
    • Utah
      • Salt Lake Co.
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    Mineral and/or Locality
    Google
     
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