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Plattnerite

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Big Photo

Smithsonite mine, Goodsprings District, Clark Co., Nevada, USA
© Brent Thorne

Show Plattnerite Photos (152)



Formula:
PbO
 
2
System:TetragonalColour:Jet-black; iron-black, ...
Lustre:Adamantine, Metallic, DullHardness:5½
Member of:Rutile Group
Name:After K.F. Plattner (1800-1858), Professor of Metallurgy and Assaying at Freiberg, Saxony.


Rutile Group

Classification of Plattnerite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.02-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:4.4.1.6

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.11.23

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
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Type Occurrence of Plattnerite

Type Locality:Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Strathclyde (Lanarkshire), Scotland, UK
Year of Discovery:1845

Physical Properties of Plattnerite

Lustre:Adamantine, Metallic, Dull
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Jet-black; iron-black, brownish black
Streak:Dark brown
Hardness (Mohs):5½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:None Observed
Fracture:Sub-Conchoidal, Fibrous
Density (measured):9.4 - 9.44 g/cm3
Density (calculated):9.63 g/cm3

Crystallography of Plattnerite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 4.95Å, c = 3.38Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.683
Unit Cell Volume:V 82.82 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Prismatic [001]; also distorted platy. Usually nodular or botryoidal masses. Dense to fibrous, or in concentric shells.
Twinning:On {011}, as penetration twins.

Optical Data of Plattnerite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 2.350 nε = 2.250
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.100

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Type:Anisotropic
Colour in reflected light:Gray-white
Internal Reflections:Red-brown
Pleochroism:Weak

Chemical Properties of Plattnerite

Formula:
PbO
 
2
Essential elements:O, Pb
All elements listed in formula:O, Pb

Relationship of Plattnerite to other Species

Member of:Rutile Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Argutite
GeO
 
2
Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
Paratellurite
TeO
 
2
Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
Rutile
TiO
 
2
Stishovite
SiO
 
2
Tripuhyite
Fe
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.DB.05Argutite
GeO
 
2
4.DB.05Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
4.DB.05Pyrolusite
MnO
 
2
4.DB.05Rutile
TiO
 
2
4.DB.05Tripuhyite
Fe
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
4.DB.05Tugarinovite
MoO
 
2
4.DB.05Varlamoffite
(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.10Byströmite
MgSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Fe)
(Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Tapiolite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.10Ordoñezite
ZnSb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.15bAkhtenskite
ε-Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.15cNsutite
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)(O,OH)
 
2
4.DB.15aParamontroseite
V
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.15aRamsdellite
Mn
4+
 
O
 
2
4.DB.20Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
4.DB.25Ishikawaite
U
4+
 
Fe
2+
 
Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Ixiolite
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Fe,Mn)
 
4
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Y)
(Y,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,U,Th,Ca)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Srilankite
Ti
 
2
ZrO
 
6
4.DB.25Yttrocolumbite-(Y)
Y(U
4+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Nb
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Calciosamarskite
(Ca,Fe
3+
 
,Y)
 
2
(Nb,Ta,Ti)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.25Samarskite-(Yb)
(Yb,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.30Ferberite
FeWO
 
4
4.DB.30Hübnerite
MnWO
 
4
4.DB.30Sanmartinite
(Zn,Fe)WO
 
4
4.DB.30Krasnoselskite
CoWO
 
4
4.DB.30Heftetjernite
ScTaO
 
4
4.DB.30Huanzalaite
MgWO
 
4
4.DB.35Columbite-(Fe)
FeNb
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Fe)
FeTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mn)
(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mn)
MnTa
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Columbite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.35Qitianlingite
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Nb,Ta)
 
2
WO
 
10
4.DB.35Magnocolumbite
4.DB.35Tantalite-(Mg)
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)(Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
6
4.DB.40Ferrowodginite
FeSnTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiotantite
Li(Ta,Nb)
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Lithiowodginite
LiTa
 
3
O
 
8
4.DB.40Titanowodginite
MnTiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wodginite
Mn(Sn,Ta)Ta
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Ferrotitanowodginite
Fe
2+
 
TiTa
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.40Wolframowodginite
Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)
 
2
O
 
8
4.DB.45Tivanite
V
3+
 
TiO
 
3
(OH)
4.DB.50Carmichaelite
(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O
 
2-x
(OH)
 
x
]
4.DB.55Alumotantite
AlTaO
 
4
4.DB.60Biehlite
((Sb,As)O)
 
2
[MoO
 
4
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.11.1Romarchite
SnO
7.11.2Cassiterite
SnO
 
2
7.11.4Schoenfliesite
Mg[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.5Burtite
Ca[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.6Vismirnovite
Zn[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.7Wickmanite
Mn
2+
 
[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.8Tetrawickmanite
Mn
2+
 
[Sn
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.9Jeanbandyite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)[Sn
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.10Natanite
Fe
2+
 
[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.11Mushistonite
(Cu,Zn,Fe
2+
 
)[Sn(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.12Ferronigerite-2N1S
Sn(Fe,Mg)Al
 
6
O
 
11
(OH)
7.11.13Magnesionigerite
7.11.14Argutite
GeO
 
2
7.11.15Brunogeierite
(Ge,Fe)Fe
 
2
O
 
4
7.11.16Stottite
Fe
2+
 
[Ge
4+
 
(OH)
 
6
]
7.11.17Carboirite
FeAl
 
2
(GeO
 
4
)O(OH)
 
2
7.11.18Otjisumeite
PbGe
 
4
O
 
9
7.11.19Bartelkeite
PbFe
2+
 
Ge
 
3
O
 
8
7.11.20Massicot
PbO
7.11.21Litharge
PbO
7.11.22Minium
Pb
 
3
O
 
4
7.11.24Scrutinyite
alpha-PbO
 
2
7.11.25Murdochite
PbCu
 
6
O
 
8-x
(Cl,Br)
 
2x
 where x<=0.5
7.11.26Macedonite
PbTiO
 
3
7.11.27Cesàrolite
PbH
 
2
Mn
 
3
O
 
8
7.11.28Coronadite
Pb(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
7.11.29Quenselite
PbMnO
 
2
(OH)
7.11.30Plumboferrite
Pb
 
2
Fe
3+
11-x
Mn
2+
x
O
 
19-2x
, x = 1/3
7.11.31Magnetoplumbite
(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)
 
12
O
 
19
7.11.32Senaite
Pb(Ti,Fe,Mn)
 
21
O
 
38

Other Names for Plattnerite

Synonyms:
Diplasites plumbicusSchwerbleierz
Other Languages:
German:Braunbleioxyd
Plattnerit
Russian:Платтнерит
Spanish:Plattnerita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Plattnerite

Reference List:

- +
Yeates and Ayres (1892), American Journal of Science: 43: 407.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 581-583

Acta Crystallographica (1980): B36: 2394.

Internet Links for Plattnerite

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  • Look for Plattnerite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Plattnerite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Plattnerite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Plattnerite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Flinders Ranges
        • North Flinders Ranges
          • Mount Fitton homestead
    		Australian Mineralogist (5), 5-8. (1990)
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • Ashburton Shire
    		[Mandarino, 1997]
    Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
      • Wiluna Shire
        • Wiluna
    		Pirajno, F., Burlow, R. and Huston, D. (2010): The Magellan Pb deposit, Western Australia; a new category within the class of supergene non-sulphide mineral systems. Ore Geology Reviews 37, 101-113.
      • Yandal Homestead
    		Lead, Zinc and Silver Deposits of Western Australia, 1999; International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-04 Magellan nonsulfide Pb and polymetallic Abra: Two stratabound giant deposits
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Karawanken Mts
        • Hochobir Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir, Verlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Kärnten (1999), Klagenfurt
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck Mt. - Hoher Sonnblick Mt. area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Hérault
        • Lodève
    		[Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 1998, 2, p.13-26]
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Saint-Martin-Vésubie
          • Belvédère
            • Capelet Mt.
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Féraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 4 : Alpes-Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
        • Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée
          • Roure
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Féraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 4 : Alpes-Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
      • Hautes-Alpes
        • Lautaret pass area
          • La Grave
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, P.A. Poulain, "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France : Hautes-Alpes", BRGM, 1972
      • Var
        • Le Pradet
    		http://www.mine-capgaronne.fr/site/Mineraux/ListeMineraux.html
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Drôme
        • Nyons
    		• Martin, R., Meisser, N., Beaudet, D. (2004): La strontiodressérite, un minéral rarissime. Le Cristallier Suisse, 4/2004, 31-36.
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Bergisches Land
        • Engelskirchen
          • Loope
    		Habel, B. & Linder, R. (2009): Die Grube "Castor" bei Loope und ihre Mineralien. Mineralien-Welt 20 (3), 10-23
      • Sauerland
        • Sundern
          • Bönkhausen
    		Lapis, 14 (2), 22-27+33+42.
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		LAPIS 24 (7/8) 1999; Wendel, W. and Markl, G. (1999) Lavrion: Mineralogische Klassiker und Raritäten für Sammler. LAPIS 24 (7/8):34-52
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    		Fritz Schreiber collection
              • Hilarion area
          • Botsaris area
            • Botsaris Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
          • Elafos area
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
    		No reference listed
          • Megala Pefka area
            • Megala Pefka Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
          • Sounion Area
            • Agia Varvara Mines (St Barbara Mines)
    		No reference listed
        • Lavrion District slag localities
          • Thorikos area
    		No reference listed
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Narsaq
    		Soerensen, H. (2001): The Ilimaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland: status of mineralogical research with new results, Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin 190, GEUS
    Iran
     
    • Esfahan Province (Isfahan Province; Aspadana Province)
      • Anarak District
        • Chah Milleh (Chah-Mileh; Tchah-Mille)
    		Wilke, H.J. (1977): Persisches Tagebuch (2). - LAPIS, 2, 7, p. 24-27
    Fred Pough specimen
        • Madan-e Nakhlak (Ma'dan-e-Nahlak)
    		Wilke, H.J. (1977): Persisches Tagebuch (2). - LAPIS, 2, 7, p. 24-27
      • Esfahan (Isfahan)
    		Wilke, H.J. (1977): Persisches Tagebuch (1). - LAPIS, 2, 6, p. 30-33
    • Yazd Province
      • Taft District
    		M Nazari collection
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Bergamo Province
        • Brembana Valley
          • Camerata Cornello
    		Bertolini A. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 1-1995 "Le miniere di Cespedosio" pagg. 75-78
          • Dossena
    		G.M.Gramaccioli,1975,Minerali alpini e prealpini,Edizioni Atlas
          • Oltre il Colle
            • Vedra Valley
    		No reference listed
        • Seriana Valley
          • Parre
    		Maida, F. (2002): Descrizione delle specie e varietà di minerali e loro ritrovamento nella bergamasca. G.O.M. Gruppo Orobico Minerali - Novecento Grafico, Ed., Bergamo 82 pp.
      • Sondrio Province
    		Lapis, 19 (10), 15-21+86.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Léssolo
            • Cálea
    		http://www.webmineralshop.com/articoli/brosso_eng.htm
    • Sardinia
      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
        • Iglesias
          • Punta della Torre
      • Sassari Province
        • Ozieri
    		Olmi F., Sabelli C., Santucci, A., Brizzi, G. (1995): I silicati e i vanadati di Ozieri (SS). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 2/1995, 145-160
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Aquiles Serdán
        • Santa Eulalia District
          • East Camp
    		Megaw, P.K.M., 1990b, Geology and geochemistry of the Santa Eulalia mining district, Chihuahua, Mexico.: Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Arizona, 549 p
    • Durango
      • Mun. de Mapimí
        • Mapimí
    		Rocks & Min.: 56:247.
    Thomas P. Moore (2008) Lapis, 33, #7-8, 33-40.
    Thomas P. Moore (2008) Lapis, 33, #7-8, 33-40.
    No reference listed
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
    Portugal
     
    • Beja District
      • Moura
        • Sobral da Adiça
    		Pimentel, R., Nunes, R. & De Ascenção, R.(2007): Les minéraux d'altération de plomb (Pb) et zinc (Zn) du massif de Preguiça, Moura, Portugal. Le Règne Minéral, 75, 19-26.
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Sakhalinskaya Oblast'
        • Kuril Islands
          • Iturup Island
    		http://maurice.strahlen.org/kurilles/kurilles.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Cantabria
      • Peñarrubia
        • Piñeres
    		- Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
      • Sierra de Arnero
        • La Florida mining area
          • Rionansa (Herrerías)
    		- Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
      • Udías
    		Calvo, M. (2009): Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV, Óxidos e Hidróxidos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid - Fundación Gómez Pardo. 752 pp.
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • Bellmunt del Priorat
    		Joan Abella i Creus (2008): Minerals I Mines De La Conca De Bellmunt Del Priorat.
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
      • Nendaz Valley
        • Siviez
    		Lapis 3/2008, p. 12 (ad)
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • St Agnes District
          • Crantock
    		BMS Newsletter 79, March 2010 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
      • Somerset
        • Cranmore
    		Turner, R.W. and Rumsey, M.S. (2010): Mineral Relationships in the Mendip Hills. Journal of the Russell Society, vol 13, pp 3-46.
        • Mendip Hills
          • Priddy
    		[MinRec 27:253]
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Dumfries-shire)
        • Wanlockhead
    		BMS Database
          • Wanlock Dod-Whytes Cleuch
      • Strathclyde (Lanarkshire)
        • South Lanarkshire
    		Haidinger W (1845) Zweite Klasse: Geogenide. II. Ordnung. Baryte VII. Bleibaryt. Plattnerit., in Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie, Bei Braumüller and Seidel (Wien) 499-506
            • Mine Hill-Broad Law
    XRD University Of Manitoba 2011
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Dragoon Mts
          • Turquoise District (Courtland-Gleeson District)
            • Gleeson
              • Costello Mine group (Costello claims)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331; Knudson, H.P. (1983), The Silver Bill Mine, Gleeson, AZ, Min.Rec.: 14: 127-131; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
            • Tejon group (Tejon Mining Company property)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
        • Mule Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
    No reference listed
    Minrecord 24:421-436
    Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Ron Layton self collected
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Hayden area
              • Chilito
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 123, 308, 331; Keith, S.B. (1972), Mineralogy and paragenesis of the 79 mine lead-zinc-copper deposit, Min.Rec.: 3: 247-264;
      • La Paz Co.
        • New Water Mts
          • New Water District
            • Moore Mine group
    		Jungles collection specimen
        • Trigo Mts
          • Silver District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331; Edson, G.M. (1980), The Red Cloud mine, Yuma, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 141-152; Rocks & Min.: 61:55-56; Min.Rec.: 21: 160.
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Big Horn Mts
          • Osborn District
            • Tonopah
              • Belmont Mountain
    		MinRec 19(3):81-87.
      • Pima Co.
        • Empire Mts
          • Empire District
            • Hilton (Lead Mountain)
              • Copper Camp
                • Hilton Mines (Hilton Mine group; Hiltano group; Hiltano & State of Maine group)
                  • Prince Mine group
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331.
            • The Narrows
              • Cienega Creek
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 248, 331; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
        • Gunsight Hills
          • Gunsight District (Meyer District)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331.
        • Tucson Mts
          • Amole District
            • Saguaro National Monument
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of AZ, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
        • Waterman Mts
          • Waterman District
            • Silver Hill District
              • Silver Hill
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 123, 308, 331; Bideaux, R.A., et al (1960), Some new occurrences of minerals of Arizona, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 3: 53-56.
      • Santa Cruz Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331.
        • Santa Rita Mts
          • Tyndall District
            • Cottonwood Canyon
              • Amado
                • Devil's Cash Box ridge
                  • Glove Mine group (Zombie & Zeco claims; Festiago-Franklin; Blacksmith adit)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 331; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 32.
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Death Valley National Park
          • Panamint Mts (Panamint Range)
            • Carbonate District
    		Morton, P.K. (1965) Geology of the Queen of Sheba lead mine, Death Valley, California. California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 88, 18 pp.; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 184.
        • Inyo Mts (Inyo Range)
          • Manzanar Station area
    		Adams, Paul (2010) The Brown Monster and Reward Mines Inyo County, California. Mineralogical Record 41:175-193.
    Adams, Paul (2010) The Brown Monster and Reward Mines Inyo County, California. Mineralogical Record 41:175-193.
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
    		[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Baker
    		The Blue Bell Claims San Bernardino County, California, Maynard, M. et al., pg. 34
        • Barstow
          • Lead Mountain
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Georgetown District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • El Paso Co.
        • Cheyenne District (St. Peters Dome District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
        • Gilmore District (Texas District)
          • Gilmore
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
        • Spring Mountain District
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
      • Shoshone Co.
        • Coeur d'Alene District
          • Canyon Creek
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    Rocks & Min. 70:262
          • Kellogg
            • Bunker Hill Properties
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    Rocks & Min. 70:261
    R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
          • Mullan
    		Dana 7:I:582.
          • Ninemile Creek
            • Custer Peak
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Montana
      • Broadwater Co.
        • Radersburg District (Cedar Plains District; Lone Mountain District)
    		Chris Tucker
    Chris Tucker
    Chris Tucker Collection
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Self collected by Brent Thorne
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Collected in recent years by D. Kim Cathcart, Las Vegas, NV
      • Eureka Co.
        • Eureka District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
          • Prospect Ridge
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Ely Springs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Gabbs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Muncy Creek District
    		Min News (1993) 9:1 pp 1,2
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
          • Georgetown
    		2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium abstracts
    Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 34-43
    2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium abstracts
          • Mimbres
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Hidalgo Co.
        • San Simon District
          • Granite Gap
    		R&M 77:5 p298-305
    Twenty-fourth Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium
    R&M 77:5 p298-305
      • Luna Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Santa Fe Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    M Massis collection
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. ed., 1996
          • Bingham
    		M Massis collection
    Min News 21:8 p 8
    [MinRecord 30:337]
    • South Dakota
      • Lawrence Co.
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
          • Spearfish
    		Rocks & Min.:60:112.
    Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    • Utah
      • Box Elder Co.
        • Pilot Range
          • Lucin District
    		R&M 68:6 p381-393
      • Juab Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • Tintic District
    		R&M 68:6 p406-416
      • Tooele Co.
        • Oquirrh Mts
          • Ophir District
            • Ophir Hill area
    		Min News 9:10 p1,4
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