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Siegenite

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Big Photo

Buick Mine (Amax Buick Mine; Moloc Mine), Bixby, Viburnum Trend District, Iron Co., Missouri, USA
© T. Kennedy 2002

Show Siegenite Photos (69)



Formula:
CoNi
 
2
S
 
4
 -NiCo
 
2
S
 
4
Range of composition
System:IsometricColour:Light to steel-grey, ...
Hardness:4½ - 5½
Member of:Linnaeite Group > Thiospinel Group
Name:
Named after its discovery locality in the Siegen district, Westphalia (Germany).


Linnaeite Group and Thiospinel Group.

Formula is generally given as (Ni,Co)3S4.
Compare polydymite and linnaeite.

Classification of Siegenite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/D.01-80
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.DA.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4
Dana 8th edition ID:2.10.1.6

2 : SULFIDES
10 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 3:4
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.11.11

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni
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Type Occurrence of Siegenite

Type Locality:Stahlberg Mine (Schwabengrube), Müsen, Siegerland, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Year of Discovery:1850

Occurrences of Siegenite

Geological Setting:Hydrothermal veins

Physical Properties of Siegenite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Light to steel-grey, violet-gray (tarnished)
Streak:Greyish black
Hardness (Mohs):4½ - 5½
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=459 - 540 kg/mm2
Cleavage:Imperfect/Fair
Imperfect on {001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):4.5 - 4.8 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.83 g/cm3

Crystallography of Siegenite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:Fd3m {F41/d 3 2/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 9.41Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 833.24 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Octahedral crystals, massive, granular, compact
Twinning:On {111}, may be polysynthetic
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Chemical Properties of Siegenite

Formula:
CoNi
 
2
S
 
4
 -NiCo
 
2
S
 
4


Range of composition
Essential elements:Co, Ni, S
All elements listed in formula:Co, Ni, S
Common Impurities:Se,Cu,Fe

Relationship of Siegenite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Violarite (see here)
Member of:Linnaeite Group > Thiospinel Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Bornhardtite
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
Se
 
4
Cadmoindite
CdIn
 
2
S
 
4
Carrollite
Cu(Co,Ni)
 
2
S
 
4
Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
Daubréelite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
3+
2
S
 
4
Ferrorhodsite
(Fe,Cu)(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
4
Fletcherite
Cu(Ni,Co)
 
2
S
 
4
Florensovite
(Cu,Zn)Cr
 
1.5
Sb
 
0.5
S
 
4
Greigite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
S
 
4
Indite
FeIn
 
2
S
 
4
Kalininite
ZnCr
 
2
S
 
4
Linnaeite
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
S
 
4
Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
Polydymite
Ni
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
Trüstedtite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
Tyrrellite
Cu(Co
3+
 
,Ni
3+
 
)
 
2
Se
 
4
Violarite
Fe
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.DA.05Bornhardtite
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Carrollite
Cu(Co,Ni)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cuproiridsite
(Cu,Fe)Ir
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cuprorhodsite
(Cu,Fe)Rh
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Daubréelite
Fe
2+
 
Cr
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Fletcherite
Cu(Ni,Co)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Florensovite
(Cu,Zn)Cr
 
1.5
Sb
 
0.5
S
 
4
2.DA.05Greigite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Indite
FeIn
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Kalininite
ZnCr
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Linnaeite
Co
2+
 
Co
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Malanite
Cu(Pt
3+
 
,Ir
3+
 
)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Polydymite
Ni
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Trüstedtite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Tyrrellite
Cu(Co
3+
 
,Ni
3+
 
)
 
2
Se
 
4
2.DA.05Violarite
Fe
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Xingzhongite
(Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Ferrorhodsite
(Fe,Cu)(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cadmoindite
CdIn
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.05Cuprokalininite
CuCr
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.10Rhodostannite
Cu
 
2
FeSn
 
3
S
 
8
2.DA.10Toyohaite
Ag
 
2
FeSn
 
3
S
 
8
2.DA.15Brezinaite
Cr
 
3
S
 
4
2.DA.15Heideite
(Fe,Cr)
 
1.15
(Ti,Fe)
 
2
S
 
4
2.DA.20Inaglyite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Ir,Pt)
 
8
S
 
16
2.DA.20Konderite
Cu
 
3
Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)
 
8
S
 
16
2.DA.25Kingstonite
(Rh,Ir,Pt)
 
3
S
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
3.11.1Heazlewoodite
Ni
 
3
S
 
2
3.11.2Godlevskite
(Ni,Fe)
 
9
S
 
8
3.11.3Millerite
NiS
3.11.4Polydymite
Ni
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
3.11.5Vaesite
NiS
 
2
3.11.6Shandite
Ni
 
3
Pb
 
2
S
 
2
3.11.7Donharrisite
Ni
 
8
Hg
 
3
S
 
9
3.11.8Violarite
Fe
2+
 
Ni
3+
2
S
 
4
3.11.9Pentlandite
(Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
8
3.11.10Bravoite
(Fe,Ni)S
 
2
3.11.12Fletcherite
Cu(Ni,Co)
 
2
S
 
4
3.11.13Villamaninite
(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S
 
2
3.11.14Mäkinenite
γ-NiSe
3.11.15Sederholmite
beta-NiSe
3.11.16Trüstedtite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
3.11.17Wilkmanite
Ni
 
3
Se
 
4
3.11.18Kullerudite
NiSe
 
2
3.11.19Penroseite
(Ni,Co,Cu)Se
 
2
3.11.20Tyrrellite
Cu(Co
3+
 
,Ni
3+
 
)
 
2
Se
 
4
3.11.21Imgreite
NiTe (?)
3.11.22Melonite
NiTe
 
2
3.11.23Kitkaite
NiTeSe
3.11.24Dienerite
3.11.25Orcelite
Ni
 
5-x
As
 
2
3.11.26Maucherite
Ni
 
11
As
 
8
3.11.27Nickeline
NiAs
3.11.28Rammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
3.11.29Pararammelsbergite
NiAs
 
2
3.11.30Nickelskutterudite
NiAs
 
2-3
3.11.31Oregonite
Ni
 
2
FeAs
 
2
3.11.32Westerveldite
(Fe,Ni,Co)As
3.11.33Langisite
(Co,Ni)As
3.11.34Gersdorffite
NiAsS
3.11.35Jolliffeite
NiAsSe
3.11.36Breithauptite
NiSb
3.11.38Ullmannite
NiSbS
3.11.39Willyamite
(Co,Ni)SbS

Other Names for Siegenite

Synonyms:
Müsenite
Other Languages:
German:Müsenit
Siegenit
Russian:Зигенит
Simplified Chinese:硫钴镍矿
块硫镍钴矿
硫镍钴矿
Spanish:Müsenita
Siegenita
Traditional Chinese:硫鈷鎳礦
硫鎳鈷礦

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Siegenite

Reference List:

- +
Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 262-265.

Petruk, W., Harris, D.C., and Stewart, J.M. (1969) Langisite, a new mineral, and the rare minerals cobalt pentlandite, siegenite, parkerite, and bravoite from the Langis mine, Cobalt-Gowganda area, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist: 9: 597-605.

Geoch. Min. Petr. Bulgaria Acad. Sci. (1976), 4, 35.

Mineralogical Magazine (1980): 44: 733.

Internet Links for Siegenite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Siegenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Siegenite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Buccleuch Co.
        • Tumut
    		Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets, 1982
    • Northern Territory
      • Coomalie Shire
        • Batchelor
          • Rum Jungle
    		Econ. Geol. 99,257-277(2004)
    • South Australia
      • Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area
        • Stuart Shelf area
          • Mount Gunson
    • Tasmania
      • Corinna-Savage River district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Western Australia
      • Goldfields-Esperance region
        • Kalgoorlie-Boulder City
          • Kurnalpi
    		Nickel Mineralisation in Western Australia by R.J. Marston 1984.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Glockner group
          • Hochtor area
        • Goldberg group
          • Zirknitz
            • Kleine Zirknitz valley
              • Kluidscharte
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Karawanken
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
    		A.Pichler (2003)
    J. Taucher: Carinthia II 188./108.:377-392 (1998)
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Fusch valley
          • Brennkogel area
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
              • Schwarzleo District
    		Poeverlein, R. (2008): Euchroit und seine Begleiter vom prähistorischen Bergbau, Leogang, Österreich. Lapis, 33 (5), 13-22.
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
              • St Gertraudi
                • Großkogel (Reither Kogel)
    		Putz, H. & Poeverlein, R. (2007): Die Mineralien des Gertraudstollens und seiner Halde in St. Gertraudi, Tirol. Lapis 32 (6), 58-63.
    • Vorarlberg
      • Montafon
        • Vandans
          • Rells valley
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2003): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LII. Carinthia II, 193./113., 195-216; Niedermayr, G. et al. (2008): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVII. Carinthia II, 198./118.: 223-274.
    Belgium
     
    • Limburg Province
      • Genk
    Brazil
     
    • Minas Gerais
      • Conselheiro Lafaiete (old Queluz de Minas)
    		http://acd.ufrj.br/geologia/posgrad/area1_d.htm
    • Pará
      • Carajás mineral province
        • Canaã dos Carajás
          • Sossego Mine
    		Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159.
    Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159.
        • Curionópolis
    		Villas, R.N., and Dias Santos, M. (2001): Mineralium Deposita 36, 300-331
    Bulgaria
     
    • Pazardzhik (Pazardjik) Oblast
      • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshchina
        • Panagyurishte
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.
    • Sofiya Oblast (Sofia Oblast)
      • Zlatitsa
    		Georgiev, Georgi (2008) A genetic model of the Elatsite porphyry copper deposit, Bulgaria. GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY • SOFIA 46, 143-160.
    • Vratsa (Vratza) Oblast
      • Balkan Mts (Stara-Planina Mts)
    		http://tin.er.usgs.gov/sedznpb/show-sedznpb-xml.php?rec_id=67
    Canada
     
    • Nunavut Territory
      • Baffin Island
        • Nanisivik
    • Ontario
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Mulja & Mitchell (1990)
      • Timiskaming District
        • Cobalt-Gowganda region
          • Cobalt Area
            • Casey Township
    		Canadian Mineralogist (1969): 9: 597-605.
    • Yukon Territory
      • Whitehorse Mining District
        • Kluane District
    		Barkov, A.Y., Laflamme, J.H.G., Cabri, L.J., and Martin, R.F. (2002) Platinum-group minerals from the Wellgreen Cu-Ni-PGE deposit, Yukon, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist: 40: 651-669.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Chuzhou Prefecture
        • Langya District
    		Li, Y. and Qing, C.K. (1999): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 19, 426–435.
    • Guangdong Province
      • Meizhou Prefecture
        • Mei Co.
    		Binghui Chen, Rui Guo, and Shouyun Yu (1994): Geology and Prospecting 30(3), 20-25
    • Guizhou Province
      • Zunyi Prefecture
        • Zunyi Co.
          • Zunyi Ni-Mo-PGE-Au ore field
    		Jingwen Mao, Guangdi Zhang, Andao Du, Yitian Wang, and Mingguo Zeng (2001): Acta Geologica Sinica 75(2), 234-243
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Nanjing Prefecture
        • Jiangning District
          • Ningzhen Mining District
    		Xiangping, G., Watanabe, M., Ohkawa, M., Hoshino, K., Shibata, Y., and Desong, C. (2001): Canadian Mineralogist 39(6), 1641-1652.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Shangrao Prefecture
        • Dexing Co.
    		Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-268.
    • Jilin Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Baishan Prefecture
        • Jiangyuan District (Hunjiang Co.)
    		Yanchen Yang, Keyong Wang, and Benzhi Feng (2004): Geology and Prospecting 40(1), 7-11
    • Qinghai (Chinghai) Province
      • Haixi Autonomous Prefecture
        • Golmud (Ge'ermu) Co.
          • Qimantage Mts
    		Houmin Li, Yuanchao Shen, Zhengguo Hu, Zhuangzhi Qian, Jiqing Liu, and Jidong Sun (2001): Geology and Prospecting 37(1), 60-64
    • Shaanxi Province
      • Hanzhong Prefecture
        • Mian Co.
    		Xueming Wang, Mengxiong Chen, Mei Li, and Furang Li (2002): Geology and Prospecting 38(6), 34-38
      • Shangluo Prefecture
        • Zhen'an Co.
    		Zhiping Li, and S.G. Peters (1998): USGS Open-File Report 98-466.
    • Shanxi Province
      • Yuncheng Prefecture
        • Yuanqu Co.
          • Zhongtiaoshan ore field
    		Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006): Journal of Guilin University of Technology 26(3), 310-319
    Yongrui Zhao and Yunqing Zhen (2006): Journal of Guilin University of Technology 26(3), 310-319
    • Sichuan Province
      • Leshan Prefecture
        • Jinkouhe District
    		Hongjun Qu (1992): Geology and Prospecting 28(6), 1-5
      • Meishan Prefecture
        • Hongya Co.
    		Hongjun Qu (1992): Geology and Prospecting 28(6), 1-5
      • Panzhihua Prefecture
        • Miyi Co.
      • Ya'an Prefecture
        • Hanyuan Co.
    		Hongjun Qu (1992): Geology and Prospecting 28(6), 1-5
    Hongjun Qu (1992): Geology and Prospecting 28(6), 1-5
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Prefecture
        • Hami (Kumul; Qumul) Co.
          • Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt
    		Zuoheng Zhang, Jingwen Mao, Andao Du, Pirajno, F., Zhiliang Wang, Fengmei Chai, Zhaochong Zhang, and Jianmin Yang (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, in press.
      • Kezilesu (Kizilsu; Qizilsu) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aketao (Akto; Aqto) Co.
          • Tamu-Kalangu (Tam-Kalanfu; Tamu-Kala) belt
    		Xu Yong and Zhu Xinyou (2000): Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 540-543.
    • Yunnan Province
      • Dali Autonomous Prefecture
        • Midu Co.
    		Huanbin Song, Mingqin He, Shangzhong Zhang, and Fenghuang Yi (2008): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 27, 104-108.
      • Nujiang Autonomous Prefecture
        • Lanping Co.
          • Fulongchang ore field
    		Kaixu Chen, Longqing He, Junqi Wei, Aiping Yang, Weiguang Yang, and Huilan Huang (2004): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 24(1), 61-67
      • Pu'er Prefecture
        • Mojiang Co.
    		Yuan Li (1998): Geology and Prospecting 34(5), 28-32
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
    		Duda, Rejl, Slivka: "Mineralien", 1991; Zacek, V., Oplustil, S., Mayova, A. & Meyer, F. R. (1995): Die Mineralien von Kladno in Mittelböhmen, Tschechische Republik. Mineralien-Welt 6 (1), 13-30 (in German).
        • Příbram
          • Březové Hory (Birkenberg)
            • Black pits deposit
    		Plášil J., Sejkora J., Litochleb J.: Siegenit a heazelwoodit v asociaci s milleritem z haldy dolu Lill (černojamské ložisko), Příbram, Česká republika. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2009, roč. 17, č. 1, s. 101-104.
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Shinkolobwe
    		www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/katangapgm/STUMAT.pdf.
        • Swambo
    		MinRec 20:287-288
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Auzon
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Pyrénées-Orientales
        • Caixas
          • Fontcouverte
    		BERBAIN, C., FAVREAU, G. & MORENO, C. (2010): Mas Vicenç, Fontcouverte, Caixas (Pyrénées-Orientales). Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 107, 20-25.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Aveyron
        • Lunel
    		J. Geffroy and M. Lenfant, Bull. Soc. Franç. Minér. Crist. , 1963, LXXXVI, pp. 201-203.
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Bergisches Land
        • Engelskirchen
          • Loope
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Overath
          • Bensberg
            • Altenbrück
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
            • Herkenrath
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
        • Herne
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
      • Siegerland
        • Burbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Gosenbach
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Littfeld
    		Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Silberg
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Müsen
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    A. Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", Schweizerbart (Stuttgart), 2001
    Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Neunkirchen
          • Altenseelbach
            • Große Burg Mine
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Salchendorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Siegen
          • Achenbach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Weidenau
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
        • Bad Ems District
          • Ahrenberg
    		Emser Hefte 1979(1), 31
      • Siegerland
        • Betzdorf
          • Freusburg
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
          • Schutzbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Herdorf
          • Biersdorf
    		Emser Hefte 1980(3), 18-35
        • Wissen
          • Eichelhardt
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
          • Niederhövels
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Schönstein (Steckenstein)
    		Dana 6:1039; Dana 7:I:242,302; Min.Rec.:21:103.
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Galway
      • Killimor
    		de Haller, series of article in Bull. Soc. Genevoise de Minéralogie in the 1980s.
    • Co. Tipperary
      • Moyne
    		Tindle, A.G. 2008 Minerals of Britain and Ireland.
    Italy
     
    • Emilia-Romagna
      • Parma Province
        • Berceto
          • Corchia mine
    		Garuti, G., Adorni, F., Calderini, V., Zaccarini, F. (2008). L'oro del "Pozzo": secondo ritrovamento di oro nativo nell'ofiolite di Corchia, Berceto (Appennino Parmense). MICRO (notizie mineralogiche), 2/2008, 133-144.
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
          • Lanzada
    		Bedognè, F. (2011). Microminerali della Valmalenco. Nuove segnalazioni e aggiornamenti. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1/2011, 40-45
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Valsugana
          • Roncegno
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
      • Hidaka Province
        • Samani-gun
          • Samani-cho
    		Rocks & Min.: 22:223.
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu City
            • Urayama
    		K. Nishikubo, T. Yamada, A. Harada, M. Takizawa, K. Tange, Y. Kosuge, R. Miyawaki, and S. Matsubara (2005) "Rambergite from the Hirogawara mine, Urayama, Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan"
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Kanuma City
            • Itaka
    		Hirata, D. & Kato, A. (1993) Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum, 22, 25-32.
        • Tokyo Prefecture
          • Nishi-Tama-gun
            • Okutama-cho
    		Alfredo Petrov specimens
    Bull. Kanagawa pref. Mus. (Nat. Sci.), 22, 25-32 (1993)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Kamaishi City
    		Imai, N. (1976) journal of the Japan Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 71, 255-263.
    Namibia
     
    • Kunene Region
      • Swartbooisdrif
        • Orotumba
    		von Seckendorff, V., Drüppel, K., Okrusch, M., Cook, N.J., and Littmann, S. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 430-450.
    Netherlands
     
    • Limburg
      • Brunssum
    		T.G. Nijland, J.C. Zwaan, D. Visser, J. Leloux - De mineralen van Nederland - 2007
    North Korea
     
    • North Hwanghae Province
      • Suan-gun
        • Hol Kol Mine (Holgol; Suan; Namjong)
    		Resource Geology, vol. 50, no. 4, 213-228, 2000
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Modum
        • Åmot
    		Pedersen, F.(1976): En geologisk undersøkelse af den kontakt metasomatiske zinkmineralsering i Glomsrud- miner, Buskerud fylke, Norge. Unpublished thesis, Geolgisk Institut,University of Århus, Denmark. 73 s
    • Finnmark
      • Alta
    		Vokes, F.M. (1957): On the presence of minerals of the linnaeite series in some copper ores from the Raipas formation of Northern Norway. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. 200, 112-120.
      • Kautokeino
    		Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68. (p. 32).
    • Rogaland
      • Sokndal
        • Sandbekk
    		Krause, H. & Pape, H. (1975): Mikroskopische Untersuchungen der Mineralvergesellschaftung in Erz und Nebengestein der Ilmenitlagerstätte Storgangen (Süd-Norwegen). Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 55: 387-422
    Gierth, E. & Krause, H. (1973): Die Ilmenitlagerstätte Tellnes (Süd-Norwegen). Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 53: 359-402; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 32
    • Telemark
      • Kragerø
        • Valberg
    		Nordrum, F.S. Larsen, A.O. & Austrheim, H. (2000): Ni,Co-mineralizations in the Valberg quarry, Kragerø, South Norway: a progress report. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 17: 64-70
    Poland
     
    • Małopolskie
      • Kraków
    		Czerny J. 1992: Hydrothermal mineralization phenomena in Karniowice travertine near Cracow. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 23, No 2, 3-14.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Chitinskaya Oblast'
          • Udokan
    		Prokof’ev, V.Y., Zorina, L.D., Kovalenker, V.A., Akinfiev, N.N., Baksheev, I.A., Krasnov, A.N., Yurgenson, G.A., and Trubkin, N.V. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(1), 31-68.
          • Vershino-Darasunskiy
    		Prokof’ev, V.Y., Zorina, L.D., Kovalenker, V.A., Akinfiev, N.N., Baksheev, I.A., Krasnov, A.N., Yurgenson, G.A., and Trubkin, N.V. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(1), 31-68.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Ragan M., 1989: Mineralogická, geochemická a paragenetická charakteristika sulfidickej mineralizácie v oblasti Hnúšte (veporikum). Manuscript, Archive ŠGÚDŠ, Bratislava, 199 p. (in Slovak)
    • Košice Region
      • Gelnica Co.
        • Jaklovce
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Dobšiná (Dobschau) Mining District
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
        • Rožňava (Rosenau)
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Grecula, P. et al. (1995): Mineral deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains, vol. 1, Geocomplex,p. 337.
    Grecula, P. et al. (1995): Mineral deposits of the Slovak Ore Mountains, vol. 1, Geocomplex,p. 337.
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Phalaborwa
        • Loolekop
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Aragón
      • Huesca
        • Bielsa Valley
          • Bielsa
    		Fanlo, I., Touray, J.C., Sibías, I., and Fernández-Nieto, C. (1998): Mineralium Deposita, 33, 620-632.
    • Castile and Leon
      • León
        • Cármenes
    		Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
    • Catalonia
      • Lleida (Lérida)
        • El Pallars Jussà
          • La Torre de Cabdella
            • La Plana de Mont-ros
              • Castell-estaó
    		Mata-Perelló (1990) "Els minerals de Catalunya" Institut d'Estudis Catalans, Barcelona: 441p
      • Tarragona
        • Conca de Barberà
          • Vimbodí
    		Econ Geol (1992) 87:142-153
        • Priorat
          • Bellmunt del Priorat
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Borlänge
        • Smedsbo
    		No reference listed
    • Lappland
      • Vittangi
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
        • Nordmark district
    Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 21, pp. 129-136 (1983)
    Switzerland
     
    • Glarus
      • Murg Valley
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 255.
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Hinterrhein Valley
        • Schams
          • Zillis
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 255.
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Saint-Luc
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 254.
    Uganda
     
    • Kasese District
      • Toro
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • West Cumberland Iron Field
            • Bigrigg
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • Dumfries & Galloway (Kirkcudbrightshire)
        • Blackcraig
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol.1, 1990
    • Wales
      • Bridgend (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Blaengarw
    		Ian Jones collection
        • Cefn Cribwr
        • Pricetown
      • Caerphilly (Gwent; Monmouthshire)
        • Oakdale
    		Ian Jones collection
      • Caerphilly (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Abertridwr
    		Ian Jones collection. Aragonite confirmed by XRD at the National Museum of Wales
        • Senghenydd
    		Ian Jones collection
      • Caerphilly (Mid Glamorgan; Monmouthshire)
        • Llanbradach
    		ian jones collection
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ceulanymaesmawr
          • Talybont
            • Nant-y-Moch Reservoir area
    		BMS Database
    UKJMM No5
        • Llangynfelyn
          • Tre-Taliesin
    		BMS Database
    [UKJMM 9:4]
        • Ysgubor-y-coed
          • Ynystudor
    		BMS Database
      • Conwy (Gwynedd; Caernarvonshire)
        • Llandudno
          • Great Orme
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 978-982.
      • Merthyr Tydfil (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Treharris
    		Ian Jones collection
      • Neath-Port Talbot (West Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Onllwyn
    		No reference listed
      • Rhondda-Cynon-Taff (Mid Glamorgan; Glamorgan)
        • Coed Ely
    		No reference listed
        • Cwmparc
        • Gelli
    		Ian Jones collection
        • Llanharan
    BMS Database
        • Tylorstown
    		Ian Jones collection
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Coconino Co.
        • Grand Canyon National Park
          • South Rim
            • Orphan District
              • Grand Canyon Village
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 371; Gornitz, V., et al (1988), Origin of the Orphan Mine breccia pipe uranium deposit, Grand Canyon, AZ, Process Mineralogy VII: Applications to Mineral Benficiation Technology and Mineral Exploration, A.H. Vassiliou, Hausen, D.M., and Carson, D.J.T., editors, The Metallurgical Society, Warrendale, PA: 281-301; .
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 371.
    • California
      • San Luis Obispo Co.
        • Santa Lucia Mts (Santa Lucia Range)
          • Adelaide District (Adelaide Klau District)
            • Adelaida
              • Klau Mine group
    		Woodhouse, C.D. & R.M. Norris (1957b), Nickel and mercury minerals at Klau: Gems and Minerals, No. 234: 18-20, March 1957; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 66.
      • Tuolumne Co.
        • Mother Lode belt
          • Jamestown District
            • Jamestown
    		Native gold from the Jamestown Mine, Tuolumne County, California, Mineralogical Record, Jan 1994 by Nelson, Genne Myers, Leicht, Wayne
    • Colorado
      • Gunnison Co.
        • White Earth District (Powderhorn District)
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    • Maryland
      • Carroll Co.
        • Louisville
    		Mines of the Washington D.C Area; Econ Geol (1989) 84:663-675
    • Michigan
      • Huron Co.
        • Pigeon
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Missouri
      • Crawford Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Iron Co.
        • Viburnum Trend District
          • Bixby
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998; Econ.Geol.: 83; 355-376
          • Viburnum
    		J Cilen collection specimen
    Econ.Geol.: 83; 355-376
      • Madison Co.
        • Fredericktown District
    		Am.Min.: 44:995-1009.
    American Mineralogist (1930) 15: 1-22
    Rocks & Min.: 21:751-752.
          • Mine La Motte
    		Dana 7: I: 264; Dana 7: II: 190 & 832; Rocks & Minerals: 21: 750-753.
        • Viburnum Trend District
          • Higdon
    		2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting (18-21 October 2009) Paper No. 26-21
      • Perry Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117; 2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting (18-21 October 2009) Paper No. 26-21
      • Reynolds Co.
    		Collectors Edge specimen
    No reference listed
          • Centerville
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117; U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.; Econ.Geol.: 83; 355-376
    R&M 73:2 pp 98-117; Econ Geol (1992) 87:113-124
          • Ellington
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Greeley
    		 Econ.Geol.: 83; 355-376
      • St. Francois Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Washington Co.
        • Viburnum Trend District
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Westgate District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Lynn District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		D. Von Bargen (1979) Mineralogy of the Black Hawk District, New Mexico PhD Thesis, Purdue Univ.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Texas
      • Llano Co.
        • Oxford
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224; American Mineralogist, Volume 63, pages 410412, 1978; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 156-169, 1982
    • Wisconsin
      • Wood Co.
        • Vesper
    		Min.News 15(5):1, 5 - 6
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Kyzylkum Desert
      • Kokpatas Village
    		Mineraly Uzbekistana(Minerals of the Uzbekistan) - izd."FAN" UzbSSR-vol.1-4 - 1976-1977
    Zambia
     
    • North-Western Province
      • Kabompo District
    		Exploration and Mining Geology; July 2000; v. 9; no. 3-4; p. 277-287; DOI: 10.2113/0090277 / Economic Geology, August 1, 2003; 98(5): 893 - 909
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