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Starkeyite

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Big Photo

Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
© 2008, JGW

Show Starkeyite Photos (6)



Formula:
MgSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:White to yellowish or ...
Lustre:DullHardness:2 - 3
Member of:Rozenite Group
Name:Named in 1956 for the type locality, the Starkey Mine in Madison County, Missouri, USA.


Rozenite Group.

This is a rare mineral, found at only a few localities, then it is usually found as white to yellowish or greenish efflorescenes. Good crystals are extremely rare, perhaps unheard of.

Classification of Starkeyite

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/0.0-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.CB.15

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 7th edition ID:29.6.6.2
Dana 8th edition ID:29.6.6.2

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.3.3

25 : Sulphates
3 : Sulphates of Mg
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Type Occurrence of Starkeyite

Type Locality:Starkey mine, Madison Co., Missouri, USA

Occurrences of Starkeyite

Geological Setting:A secondary mineral found in the oxidized zone of sulfide mineral deposits, resulting from the decomposition of pyrite and marcasite.

Physical Properties of Starkeyite

Lustre:Dull
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent, Opaque
Colour:White to yellowish or greenish.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 3
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):2 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.007 g/cm3

Crystallography of Starkeyite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.92Å, b = 13.6Å, c = 7.91Å
β = 90.85°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.435 : 1 : 0.582
Unit Cell Volume:V 636.78 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Forms not reported, typically found as powdery efflorescences.
Twinning:Not reported.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
6.83(50)
5.43(80)
4.70(40)
4.46(100)
3.95(70)
3.40(50)
3.22(40)
2.95(60)

Optical Data of Starkeyite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.490 nβ = 1.491 nγ = 1.497
2V:Measured: 50° , Calculated: 46°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.007

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Starkeyite

Formula:
MgSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mg, O, S
All elements listed in formula:H, Mg, O, S
Analytical Data:Soluble in water
Relationship of Starkeyite to other Species
Member of:Rozenite Group
Other Members of Group:

- + 
Aplowite
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
Boyleite
(Zn,Mg)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
Ilesite
(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
Rozenite
FeSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
7.CB.05Dwornikite
(Ni,Fe)SO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Gunningite
ZnSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Kieserite
MgSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Poitevinite
(Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szmikite
MnSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szomolnokite
FeSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Cobaltkieserite
CoSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.07Sanderite
MgSO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.CB.10Bonattite
CuSO
 
4
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Aplowite
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Boyleite
(Zn,Mg)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Ilesite
(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Rozenite
FeSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Drobecite
CdSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Cranswickite
MgSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Chalcanthite
CuSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Jôkokuite
MnSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Pentahydrite
MgSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Siderotil
FeSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Bianchite
(Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Chvaleticeite
(Mn,Mg)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Ferrohexahydrite
FeSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Hexahydrite
MgSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Moorhouseite
(Co,Ni,Mn)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Nickelhexahydrite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.30Retgersite
NiSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Bieberite
CoSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Boothite
CuSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Mallardite
MnSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Melanterite
FeSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Zincmelanterite
(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Alpersite
(Mg,Cu)[SO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Epsomite
MgSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Goslarite
ZnSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Morenosite
NiSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 17H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Meta-alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.CB.50Aluminocoquimbite
FeAl(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Coquimbite
Fe
 
2-x
Al
 
x
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O, x ~0.5
7.CB.55Paracoquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Rhomboclase
(H
 
5
O
 
2
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.CB.60Kornelite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.65Quenstedtite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 10H
 
2
O
7.CB.70Lausenite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Lishizhenite
ZnFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 14H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Römerite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 14H
 
2
O
7.CB.80Ransomite
CuFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Apjohnite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Bílinite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Dietrichite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Halotrichite
FeAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Pickeringite
MgAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Redingtonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Wupatkiite
(Co,Mg,Ni)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.90Meridianiite
MgSO
 
4
 · 11H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
25.3.1Kieserite
MgSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.3.2Sanderite
MgSO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
25.3.4Pentahydrite
MgSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
25.3.5Hexahydrite
MgSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.3.6Epsomite
MgSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
25.3.7Caminite
Mg
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
(OH)
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.3.8Vanthoffite
Na
 
6
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
4
25.3.9Blödite
Na
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.3.10Konyaite
Na
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
25.3.11Löweite
Na
 
12
Mg
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
13
25.3.12Uklonskovite
NaMg(SO
 
4
)F · 2H
 
2
O
25.3.13Langbeinite
K
 
2
Mg
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
25.3.14Leonite
K
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.3.15Picromerite
K
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.3.16Efremovite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Mg
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
25.3.17Boussingaultite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.3.18Pickeringite
MgAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping):

- + 
29.6.6.4Aplowite
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
Other Names for Starkeyite
Synonyms:
Leonhardtite
Other Languages:
German:Leonhardtit
Starkeyit
Russian:Старкеит
Simplified Chinese:四水泻盐
四水泻利盐
Spanish:Starkeyita
Varieties:
Ferroan Starkeyite
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Starkeyite
Reference List:

- + 
Missouri Geological Survey and Water Resources, ser.2 (1945): 30: 209-210.



American Mineralogist (1956): 41: 662.



Canadian Mineralogist (1973): 12: 229.



Acta Crystallographica: 15: 815-826.



Acta Crystallographica: 17: 863-869.



Snetsinger, K.G. (1973) Ferroan starkeyite from Del Norte County, California. Canadian Mineralogist: 12: 229.



Snetsinger, K.G. (1975) What’s in a name: starkeyite vs. leonhardite. Mineralogical Record: 6: 144-145.



Gaines, Richard V., H. Catherine, W. Skinner, Eugene E. Foord, Brian Mason, Abraham Rosenzweig (1997), Dana's New Mineralogy : The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana: 603.


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    • Localities for Starkeyite
    






    


    

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
The  symbol next to localities in the list
can be used to jump to that position on the map.

    

    

    
Hide Locality List
     		

    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Austria
     
    

    • Styria
    

      • Ennstaler Alpen Mts
    

        • Admont
    
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Chile
     
    

    • Antofagasta Region
    

      • Antofagasta Province
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 35
    China
     
    

    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
    

      • Bayin'gholin (Bayingolin; Bayinguoleng) Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Ruoqiang (Qakilik; Chaqiliq) Co.
    
    		Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
    Greece
     
    

    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
    

      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    

        • Lavrion District Mines
    

          • Sounion area
    

            • Sounion Mines
    
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Hungary
     
    

    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
    

      • Borsodi Mts.
    

    


Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    


      • Rudabányai Mts.
    

        • Rudabánya
    
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    



Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    



Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    

    • Heves Co.
    

      • Bükk Mts.
    

        • Szarvaskő
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    

    • Nógrád Co.
    

      • Cserhát Mts.
    

    Italy
     
    

    • Lombardy
    

      • Lecco Province
    

        • Colico
    

          • Bellano
    

            • Vendrogno
    
    		- Del Caldo, A., Moro, C., Gramaccioli, C.M., Boscardin, M. (1973): Guida ai Minerali. Fratelli Fabbri, Ed., Milano, 208 pp.
    

    • Tuscany
    

      • Livorno Province
    

        • Elba Island
    

          • Capoliveri
    

            • Cape Calamita Mine (Calamita Mine)
    
    		C.L. Garavelli (1957) – Minerali di cobalto, bonattite, e solfato di Mg esaidrato e tetraidrato tra i minerali di alterazione del giacimento elbano di Capo Calamita Calamita – Rend. Soc. Min. It., 13: 268-270.
    Japan
     
    

    • Honshu Island
    

      • Tohoku Region
    

        • Iwate Prefecture
    

          • Kamaishi City
    
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated by the Geological Survey of Japan)
    Morocco
     
    

    • Marrakech-Tensift-El Haouz Region
    

      • Marrakech Prefecture
    

        • Marrakech
    
    		Rachid Hakkou, Mostafa Benzaazoua and Bruno Bussière (2008): Acid Mine Drainage at the Abandoned Kettara Mine (Morocco): 1. Environmental Characterization. Mine Water and the Environment, 27, 145-159.
    Namibia
     
    

    • Khomas Region
    

      • Windhoek District
    

        • Windhoek
    
    		DILL, H.G., PÖLLMANN, H. , BOSECKER, K., HAHN, L.  and MWIYA, S.(2002)  Supergene mineralization in mining residues of the Matchless cupreous pyrite  deposit (Namibia) – A clue to the origin of modern and fossil duricrusts in  semiarid climates.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 75: 43-70
    Poland
     
    

    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
    

      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
    

        • Katowice area
    
    		Parafiniuk, J. and Kruszewski, Ł. (2009): Ammonium minerals from burning coal-dumps of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland). Geol. Quart., 53, 341-356. http://www.pgi.gov.pl/images/stories/G_Q/53_3/parafiniuk.pdf]
    Republic of Macedonia
     
    

    • Roszdan
    
    		[Rieck, B. (1993) - Famous mineral localities: Allchar, Macedonia, Mineralogical Record, 24 (6), 437-449]
    Russia
     
    

    • Urals Region
    

      • Southern Urals
    

        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    
    		Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
    Slovakia
     
    

    • Banská Bystrica Region
    

      • Banská Štiavnica Co.
    

        • Vysoká
    
    		Koděra,  M.  et al., 1986 a  1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel  1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    


      • Lučenec Co.
    
    		Ďuďa,R., Mrázek,Z., Košuth,M., 1984: Postmagmatická zeolitová mineralizácia Cérovej vrchoviny. Min.Slovaca, 16,2,157 - 172
    


      • Revúca Co.
    

        • Jelšava
    
    		Koděra,  M.  et al., 1986 a  1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel  1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Ukraine
     
    

    • Crimea Oblast'
    

      • Crimea peninsula
    

        • Balaklava area
    
    		Dobrovolskaya T.I., Polkanov Y.A. The Paleovolcano Fiolent. Giude (2004) - Simferopol, 2004, 19 p. (in Russ.)  Oleg V. Zinchenko at al. (2008).The mineralogy of seasonal sulfates in the cape Fiolent - Zapiski Ukrainskogo Mineralogichnogo Tovaristva (Proceeding Ukrainian Mineralogical Society), 2008, #5, p. 75-83 (in Ukr.)
    USA
     
    

    • Arizona
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 380; Wenrich, K.J. & H.B. Sutphin (1988), Recognition of breccia pipes in northern Arizona, AZ Bur. Geol. Min. Tech. Fieldnotes: 18: 1-5, II.
    


      • Pinal Co.
    

        • San Manuel District
    

          • San Manuel
    

            • San Manuel Mine (Apex Lead & Vanadium Mining Corp Mine; Quarelli group)
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251, 264, 380; Anthony, J.W. & W.J. McLean (1976), Jurbanite, a new post-mining aluminum sulfate mineral from San Manuel, AZ, Am.Min.: 61: 1-4.
    

    • California
    

      • Del Norte Co.
    

        • Klamath Mts
    
    		 Gail E. Dunning and Joseph F. Cooper, Jr. (2002) Paragenesis of Troilite from the Low Divide District, Del Norte County, California
    





            • Low Divide
    
    		Snetsinger, K.G. (1973) Ferroan starkeyite from Del Norte County, California. Canadian Mineralogist: 12: 229; Snetsinger, K.G. (1975) What’s in a name: starkeyite vs. leonhardite. Mineralogical Record: 6: 144-145; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 266.
    





California Geology: 48 (5): 119
    

    • Colorado
    

      • Fremont Co.
    

        • Canon City District
    

          • Canon City
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Garfield Co.
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Mesa Co.
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    


      • Moffat Co.
    

        • Piceance Basin
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    


      • Montezuma Co.
    

        • Mesa Verde National Park
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    


      • Rio Blanco Co.
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    

    • Michigan
    

      • Marquette Co.
    

        • Marquette iron range
    

          • Ishpeming
    
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    

    • Missouri
    

      • Jasper Co.
    
    		Rocks & Min., March 1998.
    


      • Madison Co.
    
    		Grawe (1956); Min.Rec.:6:144 (1975); Acta Cryst.:17:863 (1964).; Am Min 41:662
    

    • Nevada
    

      • Eureka Co.
    

        • Lynn District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    

    • New Jersey
    

      • Sussex Co.
    

        • Franklin Mining District
    

          • Ogdensburg
    

            • Sterling Hill
    
    		Dunn(1995):Pt5:639.
    

    • Tennessee
    

      • Sevier Co.
    

        • Great Smoky Mts
    
    		Flohr, M.J.K., Dillenburg, R.G., and Plumlee, G.S. (1995): Characterization of secondary minerals formed as the result of weathering of the Anakeesta Formation, Alum Cave, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee: USGS Open File Report #95-477, 24 p.
    

    • Virginia
    
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Rockbridge Co.
    

        • Glasgow
    
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:157.
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Wise Co.
    

        • East Stone Gap
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

    


    

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