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Bismite

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Big Photo

Mesopotamia 504, Mesopotamia Copper Valley, Khorixas, Damaraland District, Kunene Region, Namibia
© Brent Thorne

Show Bismite Photos (10)



Formula:
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
System:MonoclinicColour:Greyish green, greenish ...
Hardness:4½
Name:For Bismuth in its composition.


A polymorph of Sphaerobismoite

NOTE: Numerous localities for bismuth oxides have been reported, but modern confirmation is required, as most have proven to be carbonates, etc.

Classification of Bismite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/C.02-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.CB.60

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:4.3.10.2

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.13.12

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-682.html
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Type Occurrence of Bismite

Type Locality:Colavi Mine, Machacamarca District (Colavi District), Cornelio Saavedra Province, Potosí Department, Bolivia
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (No. 97831)
Year of Discovery:1868
Geological Setting of type material:An oxidation product of bismuth
Associated Minerals at type locality:
CassiteriteBismuth

Physical Properties of Bismite

Lustre:Sub-Adamantine, Dull, Earthy
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Greyish green, greenish yellow to bright yellow
Streak:Grey to yellow
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven
Density (measured):8.64 - 9.22 g/cm3
Density (calculated):10.4 g/cm3

Crystallography of Bismite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Cell Parameters:a = 5.851Å, b = 8.169Å, c = 7.513Å
β = 112.94°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.716 : 1 : 0.92
Unit Cell Volume:V 330.70 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Crystals microscopic, rare; earthy to pulverulent, compact granular, massive.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.232 (10)
2.676 (9)
1.670 (8)
1.640 (8)
1.951 (7.5)
1.740 (7.5)
1.167 (7)
Comments:Recorded on material from Colavi, Bolivia

Optical Data of Bismite

Type:Biaxial
RI values: n = 2.42
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.000

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:High

Chemical Properties of Bismite

Formula:
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
Essential elements:Bi, O
All elements listed in formula:Bi, O
Analytical Data:Modern analyses of authenticated material are lacking.
Relationship of Bismite to other Species
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
4.CB.05Brizziite
NaSb
5+
 
O
 
3
4.CB.05Corundum
Al
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ecandrewsite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Eskolaite
Cr
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Geikielite
MgTiO
 
3
4.CB.05Hematite
Fe
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Ilmenite
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Karelianite
V
3+
2
O
 
3
4.CB.05Melanostibite
Mn
2+
 
(Sb
5+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)O
 
3
4.CB.05Pyrophanite
Mn
2+
 
TiO
 
3
4.CB.05Akimotoite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)SiO
 
3
4.CB.05Auroantimonate
AuSbO
 
3
4.CB.05Romanite
(◻,Pb,Ca)UFe
2+
2
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
Ti
 
12
O
 
38
4.CB.05UM1998-11-O-AuHSb
Au
+
2
Sb
3+
 
O
 
2
(OH)
4.CB.05Tistarite
Ti
3+
2
O
 
3
4.CB.10Avicennite
Tl
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.10Bixbyite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.15Armalcolite
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)Ti
 
2
O
 
5
4.CB.15Pseudobrookite
Fe
 
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.15Mongshanite
(Mg,Cr,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(Ti,Zr)
 
5
O
 
12
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S
[(Zn,Al,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S
[(Zn,Mg)
 
7
(Al,Fe
3+
 
,Ti)
 
16
O
 
31
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
8
O
 
15
(OH)]
 
6
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
4
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
10
O
 
19
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S
[(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
3
[Al
 
7
(Ti,Fe
3+
 
)]O
 
15
(OH)]
 
2
4.CB.20Ferrohögbomite-6N12S
[(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Zn)
 
5
(Al,Ti,Fe
3+
 
)
 
12
O
 
23
(OH)]
 
6
4.CB.25Pseudorutile
Fe
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.30Berdesinskiite
V
3+
2
TiO
 
5
4.CB.30Oxyvanite
V
3+
2
V
4+
 
O
 
5
4.CB.35Olkhonskite
(Cr,V)
 
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.35Schreyerite
V
3+
2
Ti
 
3
O
 
9
4.CB.40Kamiokite
Fe
 
2
Mo
 
3
O
 
8
4.CB.40Nolanite
(V
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ti)
 
10
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.40Rinmanite
Zn
 
2
Sb
 
2
Mg
 
2
Fe
 
4
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
4.CB.45Claudetite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.45Stibioclaudetite
AsSbO
 
3
4.CB.50Arsenolite
As
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.50Sénarmontite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.55Valentinite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.65Sphaerobismoite
Bi
 
2
O
 
3
4.CB.70Sillénite
Bi
 
12
SiO
 
20
4.CB.75Kyzylkumite
BeV
3+
2
TiO
 
6
4.CB.80Tietaiyangite
Fe
3+
4
Fe
2+
 
TiO
 
9
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
7.13.1Arsenolite
As
 
2
O
 
3
7.13.2Claudetite
As
 
2
O
 
3
7.13.3Sénarmontite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
7.13.4Valentinite
Sb
 
2
O
 
3
7.13.5Cervantite
Sb
3+
 
Sb
5+
 
O
 
4
7.13.6Stibiconite
7.13.7Bahianite
Al
 
5
Sb
 
3
O
 
14
(OH)
 
2
7.13.8Cyanophyllite
Cu
 
5
Al
 
2
Sb
3+
3
O
 
12
(OH) · 12H
 
2
O
7.13.9Bismutostibiconite
Bi(Sb
5+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
7
7.13.107.13.11Stibivanite
Sb
 
2
VO
 
5
7.13.13Sillénite
Bi
 
12
SiO
 
20
Other Names for Bismite
Synonyms:
Bismuth oxydéBismuth trioxideWismuthokker
Other Languages:
Dutch:Bismiet
German:Bismit
Wismuthblüthe
Wismuthoxyd
Wismutoxid
Italian:Bismite
Russian:Бисмит
Simplified Chinese:铋华
Spanish:Bismita
Ukrainian:Бісміт
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Bismite
Reference List:

- + 
Frondel, C. (1943): Mineralogy of the oxides and carbonates of bismuth. American Mineralogist 28, 521-535.



Palache, C., Berman, H. and Frondel, C. (1944): The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (New York), 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 599-601.



Corria Neves, J. M., Lopes Nunes, J. E., Sahama, T. G., Lehtinen, M. and von Knorring, O. (1974): Bismuth and antimony minerals in the graphite pegmatites of northern Mozambique. Rev. Cienc. Geol., Ser. A, 7, 1-37. - Chemical Abstracts (1975), 83, 190 (abstract).



Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60.
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    • Localities for Bismite
    






    


    

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
The  symbol next to localities in the list
can be used to jump to that position on the map.

    

    

    
Hide Locality List
     		

    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Australia
     
    

    • New South Wales
    

      • Blaxland Co.
    

        • Mount Allen
    
    		NSW Geological Survey - Nymagee Mineral Deposit Data Sheets DW Suppel and  LB Gilligan (1993)
    


      • Gough Co.
    

        • Kingsgate
    
    		Sharpe, J.L., & Williams P.A. (2004) - Secondary bismuth and molybdenum minerals from Kingsgate, New England district of New South Wales.- Australian Journal of Mineralogy, vol.10, n°1.
    


      • Robinson Co.
    

        • Cobar
    

          • Cobar
    
    		Leverett, P., McKinnon, A. R., Sharpe, J. L. and Williams, P. A. (2005): Secondary minerals from the central Cobar mines. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 75-82. 
    


      • Westmoreland Co.
    

        • Oberon
    
    		D.I. Cendón, I.T. Graham, D.M Colchester, R.E. Pogson and D. Austen. (2005): Smoky quartz and associated minerals from Blue Hill quarry, Oberon, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy 10, 47-52
    

    • Queensland
    
    		E. Stevens & R. Bottrill
    



    



        • Delgilbo area
    
    		Qld Dept of Mines,- mines records 
    

    • South Australia
    

      • Flinders Ranges
    

        • North Flinders Ranges
    

          • Yudnamutana District
    

    


      • Mt Lofty Ranges
    

        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
    

          • Woodside
    

    

    • Tasmania
    

      • Hampshire district
    
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    


      • Waratah district
    

        • Mt Ramsay
    
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    

    • Victoria
    

      • Benambra
    

        • Morass Creek gorge
    

    

    • Western Australia
    

      • Nepean
    
    		Bridge, P. J. & Pryce, M. W. (1974): Clinobisvanite, monoclinic BiVO4, a new mineral from Yiennietharra, Western Australia. Mineralogical Magazine 39: 847-9
    Austria
     
    

    • Carinthia
    

      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
    

        • Hüttenberg
    

          • Hüttenberger Erzberg
    

    


      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
    

        • Radenthein
    

          • Millstätter Alpe Mt.
    
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    


      • Hohe Tauern Mts
    

        • Goldberg group
    

          • Zirknitz
    

            • Große Zirknitz valley
    
    		Indra
    





G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    


      • Saualpe Mts
    

        • Bad St Leonhard
    

          • Kliening
    
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    

    • Styria
    

      • Koralpe Mts
    

        • Deutschlandsberg
    

          • St Oswald
    
    		Exel, R. (1993)
    Bolivia
     
    

    • La Paz Department
    

      • Los Andes Province
    

        • La Union
    
    		Federico Ahlfeld y Jorge Munoz Reyes (1955) Las Especies Minerales de Bolivia. (Banco Minero de Bolivia)
    

    • Potosí Department
    

      • Cornelio Saavedra Province
    

        • Machacamarca District (Colavi District)
    
    		Ahlfeld 1955
    


      • Nor Chichas Province
    

        • Atocha-Quechisla District
    
    		[MinRec 32:481]
    




Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    


      • Rafael Bustillo Province (Bustillos Province)
    

        • Llallagua
    
    		Mineralogical Record: 32: 474.;Hyrsl, J. & A. Petrov (2006): Famous Mineral Localities: Llallagua, Bolivia. Mineralogical Record. 37: 117-162 
    Brazil
     
    

    • Rio Grande do Norte
    

      • Borborema mineral province
    

        • Lajes
    
    		Neto, J.A.S., Legrand, J.M., Volfinger, M., Pascal, M.-L., and Sonnet, P. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 185-205.
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    

    • Mandalay Division
    

      • Sagaing District
    
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, Sieghard Ellenberger specimens
    Canada
     
    

    • Ontario
    

      • Renfrew Co.
    

        • Lyndoch Township
    

          • Quadeville
    
    		ontariominerals.com
    China
     
    

    • Anhui Province
    

      • Tongling Prefecture
    

        • Tongling Mining District
    

          • Shizishan ore field
    
    		Huan Hu, Rucheng Wang, Jianjun Lu, and Guanghua Liu (2001): Mineral Deposits 20(1), 86-98
    

    • Guizhou Province
    

      • Qianxi'nan Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Ceheng Co.
    
    		Zhiping Li, and S.G. Peters (1998): USGS Open-File Report 98-466.
    

    • Qinghai (Chinghai) Province
    

      • Haixi Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Golmud (Ge'ermu) Co.
    

          • Qimantage Mts
    
    		Xu Yong, and Zhu Xinyou (2000): Cobalt Deposits in the Central China Orogenic Belt. Acta Geologica Sinica 74(3), 540-543; Youchang Yi, Gejun Jiao, and Fenying Zhang (2006): Geology and Prospecting 42(3), 30-35
    

    • Tibet Autonomous Region
    

      • Nagchu (Naqu) Prefecture
    

        • Xainza (Shenzha) Co.
    
    		Zhihua Wang, Xingquan Wu, Keqiang Wang, Wanqiang Yu, Hui Huang, and Dexi Ma (2007): Geology and Prospecting 43(3), 6-10
    

    • Yunnan Province
    

      • Honghe Autonomous Prefecture
    

        • Gejiu Co.
    

          • Gejiu Sn-polymetallic ore field
    

            • Western Sub-district
    
    		Chen, J., Halls, C., and Stanley, C.J. (1992): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 11(2), 140-155.
    Czech Republic
     
    

    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
    

      • Hradec Králové Region
    

        • Krkonoše Mts (Riesengebirge)
    

          • Špindlerův Mlýn
    
    		Journal of Geosciences 54:15-56
    


      • Karlovy Vary Region
    
    		No reference listed
    




          • Krásno (Schönfeld)
    
    		Sejkora, J., Ondruš, P., Fikar, M., Veselovský, F., Mach, Z., Gabašová, A., Skoda, R. & Beran, P. (2006): Supergene minerals at the Huber stock and Schnöd stock deposits, Krásno ore District, the Slavkovský les area, Czech Republic. Journal of the Czech Geological Society 51, 57-101.
    



        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    

          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    


      • Liberec Region
    

        • Harrachov (Harrachsdorf)
    
    		Pauliš P. Nejzajímavější mineralogická naleziště Čech. Kuttna 2000. Kutná Hora.
    


      • Ústí Region
    

        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    

          • Krupka (Graupen)
    

            • Steinknochen (Lux vein) area
    
    		Lapis 23(4), 18-34 (1998)
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    

    • Kivu
    

    France
     
    

    • Alsace
    

      • Haut-Rhin
    

        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997; Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    

    • Auvergne
    

      • Allier
    

        • Ébreuil
    

          • Échassières
    
    		G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) et la genèse de leur minéralisations (BRGM, 1969)
    




G. Aubert : "Les coupoles granitiques de Montebras et d'Echassières (Massif Central Français) et la genèse de leur minéralisations (BRGM, 1969)
    


      • Haute-Loire
    

        • Lavoûte-Chilhac
    

    

    • Brittany
    

      • Côtes-d'Armor
    

        • Guingamp
    

          • Belle-Isle-en-Terre
    
    		P. Devismes : "Atlas photographique des minéraux d'alluvions", BRGM, 1978.
    

    • Midi-Pyrénées
    

      • Tarn
    

        • Castelnau-de-Brassac
    

          • Fumade
    
    		GAYRAUD, L. (2010): Gisement de phosphates de Castelnau-de-Brassac aux environs de Fumade (Tarn), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 107, 12-17.
    Germany
     
    

    • Baden-Württemberg
    

      • Black Forest
    

        • Nordrach
    
    		No reference listed
    



        • Pforzheim
    

          • Würm
    
    		Lapis, 18 (2), 13-24
    



        • Schenkenzell
    

          • Wittichen
    

            • Böckelsbach valley
    
    		Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    





            • Burgfelsen
    
    		No reference listed
    





            • Heubach Valley
    
    		No reference listed
    




K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    



        • Schiltach
    

          • Stammelbach valley
    
    		[Lapis 1992, 11, p.13-20]
    



        • Schramberg
    

          • Falkenstein valley
    
    		No reference listed
    

    • Bavaria
    

      • Lower Bavaria
    

        • Bavarian Forest
    

          • Waldkirchen
    

            • Röhrnbach
    
    		Habel, M. (2009): Der Granodioritbruch der Fa. Josef Uhrmann OHG, Steinerleinbach bei Röhrnbach. Mineralien-Welt 20 (2), 66-86.
    


      • Upper Palatinate
    

        • Oberpfälzer Wald
    

          • Vohenstrauß
    

            • Pleystein
    
    		Dill, H.G., Weber, B. (2009), Pleystein-City on Pegmatite, 4th International Symposium on Granitic Pegmatites, Recife, Brazil.
    





            • Waidhaus
    

              • Hagendorf
    
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    

    • Hesse
    

      • Odenwald
    

        • Abtsteinach
    

          • Mackenheim
    
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    



        • Heppenheim
    

          • Sonderbach
    

            • Kohlplatte hill
    
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    

    • North Rhine-Westphalia
    

      • Siegerland
    

        • Wilnsdorf
    

          • Wilden
    
    		Magma 1984(2), 43-49
    

    • Rhineland-Palatinate
    

      • Katzweiler
    
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    


      • Siegerland
    

        • Betzdorf
    

          • Schutzbach
    
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    

    • Saxony-Anhalt
    

      • Harz Mts
    

        • Wernigerode
    

          • Hasserode
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    

    • Saxony
    

      • Erzgebirge
    

        • Altenberg
    
    		Mineralien-Welt, (2), 17-39.
    



        • Johanngeorgenstadt District
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    



        • Marienberg District
    

          • Lauta
    
    		Hajek, W. (2010): Kristallwelten Marienberg. Weise Verlag, München.
    



        • Schneeberg District
    

          • Wolfgang Maaßen Mine field
    
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
    


      • Limbach-Oberfrohna
    
    		http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Deutschland/Sachsen/Chemnitz%2C%20Direktionsbezirk/Zwickau%2C%20Landkreis/Wolkenburger%20Bergbaurevier
    

    • Thuringia
    

      • Bad Lobenstein
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    


      • Vogtland
    

        • Hirschberg
    

          • Ullersreuth
    
    		T. Witzke et al.: Lapis 2001(12), 13-27
    Greece
     
    

    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
    

      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    

        • Lavrion District Mines
    
    		Voudouris, P., Melfos, V, Spry, P.G., Bonsall, T.A., Tarkian, M. & Solomon, Ch. (2008): Carbonate-replacement Pb-Zn-Ag+/-Au mineralization in the Kamariza area, Lavrion, Greece: Mineralogy and thermochemical conditions of formation. Mineralogy & Petrology 94, 85-106.
    





            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    

              • Hilarion area
    
    		No reference listed
    Iran
     
    

    • Markazi Province
    

      • Astaneh
    
    		Nezafatis, N. (2006): Au-Sn-W-Cu Mineralization in the Astaneh-Sarband Area, West Central Iran. PhD thesis, University of Tübingen (Germany), 116 pp.
    Italy
     
    

    • Lombardy
    

      • Brescia Province
    

        • Camonica Valley
    

          • Pisogne
    
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. 
    


      • Sondrio Province
    

        • Novate Mezzola
    

          • Codera Valley
    
    		Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    




Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    




Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    




Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    




Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    

    • Piedmont
    

      • Cuneo Province
    

        • Bagnolo Piemonte
    

          • Ortieul
    
    		Ambrino, P., Brizio, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Finello, G., Marello, B. (2009). Minerali della pietra di Luserna. AMI. CD-ROM (in italian and in english)
    


      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
    

        • Ossola Valley
    

          • Vigezzo Valley
    

            • Toceno
    
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    

    • Sardinia
    

      • Carbonia-Iglesias Province
    

        • Fluminimaggiore
    

          • Oridda Valley
    
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work. 
    Japan
     
    

    • Honshu Island
    

      • Chubu Region
    

        • Gifu Prefecture
    

          • Nakatsugawa City
    

            • Hirukawa
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60
    



        • Niigata Prefecture
    

          • Aga-machi (Higashi-Kanbara-gun)
    

            • Mikawa-mura
    
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    

    • Kyushu Region
    

      • Nansei Archipelago
    

        • Kagoshima Prefecture
    

          • Yakushima-cho
    

            • Yakushima Island
    
    		Hori Mineralogy, Tokyo
    Kazakhstan
     
    

    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
    

      • Balkhash (Balqash; Karatas; Prebalkhashie) Region
    

        • Balkhash (Balqash)
    

          • Kounrad Massif
    
    		Chen Xuanhua, Qu Wenjun, Han Shuqin, Seitmuratova, E., Yang Nong, Chen Zhengle, Zeng Fagang, Du Andao, and Wang Zhihong (2010): Geoscience Frontiers 1(1), 115-124
    Madagascar
     
    

    • Antananarivo Province
    

      • Vakinankaratra Region
    

        • Betafo District
    

          • Ambohimanambola Commune
    
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la Minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive, p 21
    




          • Mahaiza Commune
    
    		Behier, J. (1957): Mineraux nouvellement trouves dans les pegmatites de Madagascar. in Commision de Coopération Technique en Afrique au Sud du sahara (C.C.T.A.). Geologie. Comités regionaux Centre, Est et Sud. Conférence de Tananarive Avril 1957. I, 135-138
    




          • Tritriva Commune
    
    		Ranorosoa, N. (1986): Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagascar. These de Doctorat de l`Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse. 
    

    • Fianarantsoa Province
    

      • Amoron'i Mania Region
    

        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
    

          • Ambatofinandrahana District
    
    		Besairie, H. (1966): Les Gites Minéraux de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar, Tananarive, 34, p. 62
    



        • Fandriana District
    
    		Michel Arliguie collection
    


      • Matsiatra Region
    

        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
    
    		- Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    


Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive. p.21
    

    • Mahajanga (Majunga) Province
    

      • Betsiboka Region
    

        • Tsaratanàna District
    

          • Tsaratanàna Pegmatite Field
    
    		Behier, J. (1959): Travaux mineralogiques. Rapport Annuel du Service géologique pour 1959. Republique Malgache. pp 237-250 [p. 241]
    Mexico
     
    

    • Durango
    

      • Mun. del Oro
    

        • Santa María del Oro (El Oro)
    
    		Panczner(1987):114,116.
    Namibia
     
    

    • Erongo Region
    

      • Karibib District
    

        • Okatjimukuju farm (Friedrichsfelde farm)
    
    		P. Keller and O. von Knorring, Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 567-593.
    



    

    • Kunene Region
    

      • Damaraland District
    

        • Khorixas
    

          • Mesopotamia Copper Valley
    
    		Dunning, G.E. & Cooper. J.F. (1998): Namibite, a summary of world occurrences. Mineralogical Record. 29: 163-166
    



        • Omaruru
    
    		Jahn, S. & Bast, R. (2006): Der Krantzberg bei Omaruru, Namibia, und die Mineralvorkommen in seiner Umgebung. Mineralien-Welt 17 (3), 32-48.
    Norway
     
    

    • Aust-Agder
    

      • Evje og Hornnes
    
    		Frigstad, O.F. (1968): En undersøkelse av cleavelandittsonerte pegmatittganger i Iveland-Evje, Nedre Setesdal. Hovedfagsoppgave (Thesis), University of Oslo,  p. 147; Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 59
    


      • Iveland
    

        • Birkeland
    
    		Frigstad, O.F. (1968): En undersøkelse av cleavelandittsonerte pegmatittganger i Iveland-Evje, Nedre Setesdal. Hovedfagsoppgave (Thesis), University of Oslo,  p. 147; Neumann (1985) : Norges mineraler. Norges geologiske undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 59
    



        • Frikstad
    
    		Revheim, O. (2007): Slobrekka, Iveland. [Del 2]. STEIN 34 (1), 3-5
    Pacific Ocean
     
    

    • East Pacific Rise
    

      • Juan de Fuca Ridge complex
    

        • Southern Gorda Ridge
    
    		Eos Trans. AGU, 81 (48), Fall Meet. Suppl., 2000
    Poland
     
    

    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
    

      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
    

        • Czarnów
    

          • Rędziny
    
    		Domańska, J.: Rędziny. Otoczak, nr. 29, p. 38-52. 
    Romania
     
    

    • Bihor Co.
    

      • Nucet
    
    		www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009)
    Russia
     
    

    • Northern Region
    

      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
    

        • Kola Peninsula
    

          • Western Keivy Massif
    
    		A.V. Voloshin, Ya.A. Pakhomovskii Minerals and mineralformation evolution in amazonite pegmatites of Kola peninsula, - Leningrad, Nauka, 1986, pp.168.
    

    • Western-Siberian Region
    

      • Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast')
    
    		Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.
    Slovakia
     
    

    • Banská Bystrica Region
    

      • Rimavská Sobota Co.
    
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    

    • Košice Region
    

      • Rožňava Co.
    
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    South Africa
     
    

    • Mpumalanga Province
    

      • Marble Hall
    
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    

    • Madrid
    

      • Garganta de los Montes
    

        • El Cuadrón
    
    		Ref: Jiménez R., Jordá L., Jordá R., Prado P. (2004) - Madrid: la minería metálica desde 1417 hasta nuestros días. Bocamina, n°14
    

- González del Tánago, J. and González del Tánago, J. (2002): Minerales y Minas de Madrid
    Sweden
     
    

    • Västmanland
    

      • Lindesberg
    

    



No reference listed
    




    


      • Nora
    

        • Striberg ore field
    
    		Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    

    • Wallis (Valais)
    

      • Turtmann Valley
    

        • Pipjitälli
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 79
    UK
     
    

    • England
    

      • Cornwall
    

        • St Agnes District
    

          • St Agnes
    

            • West Wheal Kitty group
    
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
    




Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
    



        • St Erth - Gwithian Area
    

          • Gwinear
    

            • Copperhouse
    

              • Rosewarne and Herland United Mines (Rosewarne and Herland Mine; incl. Wheal Fancy; Wheal Pleasure)
    
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
    



        • St Just District
    

          • St Just
    

            • Trewellard
    
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
    


      • Cumbria
    

        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
    

          • Caldbeck Fells
    

            • Carrock Fell
    
    		BMS Database
    






No reference listed
    


      • Devon
    

        • Tavistock District
    

          • Peter Tavy
    
    		UKJMM Vol.25 p.19; UKJMM Vol.29 p.49-52
    USA
     
    

    • Alaska
    

      • Dillingham Borough
    

        • Bristol Bay District
    
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    

    • Arizona
    

      • Cochise Co.
    

        • Mule Mts
    

          • Warren District
    
    		[MinRec 24:421]
    





Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
    


      • Graham Co.
    

        • Bowie [Cochise Co.] area
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 139.
    


      • La Paz Co.
    

        • Granite Wash Mts
    

          • Ellsworth District
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 139.
    





            • Vicksburg
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of Arizona: 33.
    


      • Mohave Co.
    
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 20 (Table A-1). 
    



        • Aquarius Mts (Aquarius Range; Peacock Range)
    
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 21 (Table A-1).
    


      • Yavapai Co.
    

        • Bradshaw Mts (Bradshaw Range)
    

          • Castle Creek District
    

            • Copperopolis
    

              • Buzzard's Roost
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 138, 139; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 28, 184-185; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), Minerals of Arizona, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 153: 22; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 33, 44.
    



        • Eureka District
    

          • Bagdad
    
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 33.
    

    • California
    

      • Plumas Co.
    

        • Last Chance District
    

          • Spring Creek area
    
    		[MinRecord 29:165]
    




Mineralogical Record (In press)
    


      • San Bernardino Co.
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60
    


      • San Diego Co.
    

        • Pala District
    

          • Pala
    
    		Jahns, Richard Henry & Wright, Lauren A. (1951), Gem and lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala district, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines Special Report 7-A: p. 31.
    





Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 40; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 186.
    





Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 38; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 186.
    



        • Ramona District
    

          • Ramona
    
    		Foord, Eugene E. et al (1989), Mineralogy and Paragenesis of the Little Three Mine Pegmatites, Ramona District, San Diego County, California. Mineralogical Record, 20(2): p. 121; Mineralogical Magazine (1996), 60: 387-388.
    



        • Rincon District
    

          • Rincon
    

            • Rincon Mountain
    
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 60
    

    • Colorado
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Park Co.
    

        • Geneva District
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    



        • Montezuma District
    

          • Hall Valley
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    



Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Summit Co.
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    

    • Connecticut
    

      • Fairfield Co.
    

        • Monroe
    
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State
    



Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State, p.273
    


      • Middlesex Co.
    

        • Haddam
    
    		Harold Moritz collection
    



        • Portland
    
    		Rocks & Min. Vol.71, No.3, p.197; Rocks & Minerals (1955) 30:351-358
    




          • Collins Hill
    

            • Strickland pegmatite
    
    		Schooner, R., 1955, 99 Minerals from 1 Connecticut Hill, Rocks and Minerals, v. 30, p.351-358.
    

    • Nevada
    

      • Esmeralda Co.
    

        • Goldfield District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



        • Sylvania District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Eureka Co.
    

        • Lynn District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Mineral Co.
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Nye Co.
    

        • Round Mountain District
    

          • Mariposa Canyon
    

    




          • Outlaw Mine
    
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 27, pp. 355-376(1988)
    

    • New Mexico
    

      • Grant Co.
    
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    



        • White Signal District
    
    		NMBMMR Bull 83 Mineral Deposits of Western Grant County, New Mexico
    


      • Sierra Co.
    
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    


      • Taos Co.
    

        • Picuris District
    
    		Jahns, R. H. and Ewing, R. C. (1977): The Harding mine, Taos County, New Mexico. Mineralogical Record, 8 (2): 115-126.
    

    • North Carolina
    

      • Gaston Co.
    
    		Dana 6:1076; Dana 7:I:163.
    


Genth,F.A and Kerr, W.C. 1881, Mineral and Mineral Localities of North Carolina , Geological Survey
    

    • South Dakota
    

      • Custer Co.
    

        • Custer District
    

          • Custer
    
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    


      • Pennington Co.
    

        • Keystone Gold District
    
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    

    • Utah
    

      • Juab Co.
    

        • East Tintic Mts
    

          • Tintic District
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    




UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    




Means, A H "Some New Mineral Occurences From The Tintic District, Utah" American Journal of Science Vol 41, Noi 241 (1916) pp 125-30; Means, A H "Some New Mineral Occurences From The Tintic District, Utah" American Journal of Science Vol 41, Noi 241 (1916) pp 125-30
    




UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    


      • Salt Lake Co.
    

        • Wasatch Mts
    

          • Little Cottonwood District (Alta District)
    

            • Little Cottonwood Canyon
    

              • Dromedary Peak
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    


      • Tooele Co.
    

        • Deep Creek Mts
    

          • Gold Hill District (Clifton District)
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    


      • Utah Co.
    

        • East Tintic Mts
    

          • East Tintic District
    
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    

    


    

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