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Böhmite

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Saga 1 Quarry, Sagåsen (Strandåsen), Mørje, Porsgrunn, Telemark, Norway
© OT. Ljostad

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Formula:
AlO(OH)
System:OrthorhombicColour:White, pale greyish ...
Hardness:3½
Name:For Johannes Böhm (1857-1938), German geologist, who first studied the species.


A major constituent of the aluminium ore Bauxite.

Dimorphous with Diaspore and isostructural with Lepidocrocite.

Classification of Böhmite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/F.06-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FE.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:6.1.2.1

6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.6.2

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
6 : Oxides of Al
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Type Occurrence of Böhmite

Type Locality:Mas Rouge, Les Baux-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
Geological Setting of type material:Bauxite deposit
Associated Minerals at type locality:
KaoliniteGibbsiteDiaspore

Occurrences of Böhmite

Geological Setting:In bauxite, laterite or fireclay deposits; as a low-temperature hydrothermal decomposition product in nepheline pegmatites, syenites and ocean-ridge basalts.

Physical Properties of Böhmite

Lustre:Vitreous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:White, pale greyish brown; yellowish or reddish when impure; colourless in thin section
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):3½
Cleavage:Very Good
on {010}, good on {100}, and poor on {001}
Density (measured):3.02 - 3.05 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.08 g/cm3

Crystallography of Böhmite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 3.693Å, b = 12.221Å, c = 2.865Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.302 : 1 : 0.234
Unit Cell Volume:V 129.30 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Rarely tabular to stout prismatic crystals, to 2 mm, showing {001}, {110}, {101}, {111}, {221}; commonly extremely fine-grained, in pisolitic aggregates or disseminated.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
6.11 (100)
3.15 (60)
2.347 (60)
1.862 (20)
1.850 (20)
1.308 (15)
1.661 (10)
Comments:Recorded on material from Hurunui Peak, New Zealand

Optical Data of Böhmite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.644 - 1.648 nβ = 1.654 - 1.657 nγ = 1.661 - 1.668
2V:Measured: 74° to 88°, Calculated: 80°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.017 - 0.020

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:weak

Chemical Properties of Böhmite

Formula:
AlO(OH)
Essential elements:Al, H, O
All elements listed in formula:Al, H, O
Analytical Data:(1) Chemical analysis of material from Vishnevy Mts, Urals, Russia
(2) Electron microprobe analysis of material from Hurunui Peak, New Zealand; water content calculated from stoichiometry
         (1)      (2)

SiO2    (2.11)   (0.76)
TiO2             (0.03)
Al2O3  (81.60)  (83.84)
Ga2O3   (0.05)
Fe2O3   (0.58)   (0.53)
MgO              (0.02)
CaO     (0.26)   (0.08)
H2O    (15.31)  (15.05)

sum     99.91   100.31 wt.-%
Empirical Formula:
Al
 
0.98
[O
 
0.96
(OH)
 
1.04
]
 
=2.00
 (1); Al
 
0.98
Si
 
0.01
O(OH) (2)

Relationship of Böhmite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.FE.05Amakinite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Brucite
Mg(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Portlandite
Ca(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Pyrochroite
Mn(OH)
 
2
4.FE.05Theophrastite
Ni(OH)
 
2
4.FE.10Bayerite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Doyleite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Gibbsite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.10Nordstrandite
Al(OH)
 
3
4.FE.15Lepidocrocite
γ-Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.20Grimaldiite
CrO(OH)
4.FE.20Heterogenite
CoO(OH)
4.FE.25Feitknechtite
Mn
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.25Lithiophorite
(Al,Li)MnO
 
2
(OH)
 
2
4.FE.30Quenselite
PbMnO
 
2
(OH)
4.FE.35Ferrihydrite
Fe
3+
5
O
 
3
(OH)
 
9
4.FE.40Feroxyhyte
Fe
3+
 
O(OH)
4.FE.40Vernadite
(Mn
4+
 
,Fe
3+
 
,Ca,Na)(O,OH)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
4.FE.45Quetzalcoatlite
Zn
 
6
Cu
 
3
(TeO
 
6
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · Ag
 
x
Pb
 
y
Cl
 
x+2y
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.6.1Corundum
Al
 
2
O
 
3
7.6.2Diaspore
AlO(OH)
7.6.4Gibbsite
Al(OH)
 
3
7.6.5Bayerite
Al(OH)
 
3
7.6.6Nordstrandite
Al(OH)
 
3
7.6.7Doyleite
Al(OH)
 
3
7.6.8Akdalaite
4Al
 
2
O
 
3
 · H
 
2
O

Other Names for Böhmite

Other Languages:
Croatian:Bemit
Danish:Böhmit
French:Boehmite
German:Böhmit
Boehmit
Italian:Boehmite
Polish:Bemit
Russian:Бемит
Serbian (Cyrillic Script):Бемит
Simplified Chinese:一水软铝石
勃姆石
Spanish:Boehmita
Böhmita
Ukrainian:Беміт

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:As a constituent of bauxite an important raw material for the industrial production of aluminium.

References for Böhmite

Reference List:

- +
Böhm, J. (1925), Zeitschrift für Anorganische Chemie 149, 203.

de Lapparent (1927), Comptes Rendus 184, 1661.

American Mineralogist (1928), 13, 72.

de Lapparent (1930), Bulletin de la Société Minéralogique 53, 262.

Goldstaub (1936), Bulletin de la Société Minéralogique 59, 348.

Palache, C., Berman, H. and Frondel, C. (1944): The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (New York), 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 645-646.

Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A. and Zussman, J. (1962): Rock-forming minerals, Vol. 5, Non-silicates, 111-117.

Sahama, T. G., Lehtinen, M. and Rehtijärvi, P. (1973): Natural boehmite single crystals crom Ceylon. Contr. Mineral. Petrol. 39, 171-174.

Shelley, D., Smale, D. and Tulloch, A. J. (1977): Boehmite in syenite from New Zealand. Mineralogical Magazine 41, 398-400.

Kiss, A. B., Keresztury, G., and Farkas, L. (1980): Raman and IR spectra and structure of boehmite (γ-AlOOH). Evidence for the recently discarded D 17 2h space group. Spectrochimica Acta 36A, 653-658.

Larsen, A. O. (1981): Boehmite from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo region, Norway. Mineralogical Record 12, 227-230.

Hill, R. J. (1981): Hydrogen atoms in boehmite: a single crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular orbital study. Clays and Clay Minerals 29, 435-445.

Corbató, C. E., Tettenhorst, R. T. and Christoph, G. G. (1985): Structure refinement of deuterated boehmite. Clays and Clay Minerals 33, 71-75.

Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70.

Internet Links for Böhmite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Böhmite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Böhmite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Gough Co.
        • Emmaville (Vegetable Creek)
    		Metallogenic Study and Mineral Deposit Data Sheets: Grafton-Maclean Metallogenic Map (SH/56-10, SH/56-11), Geological Survey of New South Wales, 2001: HF Henley, RE Brown, JW Brownlow, RG Barnes and WJ Stroud. Published by the Geological Survey of New South Wales.
    • Northern Territory
    		www.smenet.org/opaque-ore/ix_d49_3.htm.
    • Queensland
      • Cook Shire
        • Cape York Peninsula
    		Econ Geol (1976) 71:1526-1532
    Austria
     
    • Lower Austria
      • Industrieviertel
        • Markt Piesting
          • Dreistetten
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Salzburg
      • Salzburg
        • Untersberg massif
          • Glanegg
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Upper Austria
      • Windischgarsten
        • Laussa valley
          • Unterlaussa
            • Weißwasser
    		Bernhard, F. (2008) unpublished XRD-analyses
    Bernhard, F. (2008) unpublished XRD analyses
    Brazil
     
    • Goiás
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    • Minas Gerais
      • Araxá
    		Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
    Cambodia
     
    • Bătdâmbâng (Khet Batdambang; Battambang) Province
    		Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (1993) Atlas of Mineral Resources for the Escap Region Cambodia Vol 10 UN.
    Canada
     
    • Ontario
      • Hastings Co.
        • Dungannon Township
    		Ref: Sabina (1986) Geol. Survey of Canada, Misc. Report 39, 11-14.
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		Platt & Mitchell (1982)
    China
     
    • Guizhou Province
      • Zunyi Prefecture
        • Zunyi Co.
    		Kehua Yin (2009): Geology and Prospecting 45(3), 273-279
    • Henan Province
      • Zhengzhou Prefecture
        • Gongyi Co.
    		http://www.smartminerals.com/cina2004/art_China_localities.htm
    • Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
      • Ordos League (E'erduosi Prefecture)
        • Jungar Banner (Zhunge'er Co.)
          • Jungar (Zhunge'er) coal field
    		Shifeng Dai, Deyi Ren, Shengsheng Li, and Chenlin Chou (2006): Acta Geologica Sinica 85(2), 294-300
    • Shandong Province
      • Jinan Prefecture
        • Zhangqiu Co.
    		Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
      • Zibo Prefecture
        • Huantai Co.
    		Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
        • Linzi District
    		Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
        • Zhangdian District
    		Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
        • Zichuan District
    		Cuizhi Wang, Rongge Xiao, Xiuming Jia, Hongchun Zhou, and Jun Liu (2005): Geology and Prospecting 41(5), 34-37
    • Yunnan Province
      • Kunming Prefecture
        • Anning Co.
    		Ruijun Chen, Jingquan Zhu, Renwei Li, Hui Chen, Rufan Zhang, and Daxing Lin (1993): Acta Petrologica Sinica 9(1), 94-105
      • Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture
        • Yanshan Co.
    		Hanhe Liu (2007): Yunnan Geology 26(1), 32-40
    Colombia
     
    • Cauca Department
      • Mun. de Mercaderes
    		Sutherland, F.L., Duroc-Danner, J.M., and Meffre, S. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 155-168.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Karlovy Vary (Karlsbad; Carlsbad)
          • Děpoltovice
    		Sejkora, J. et al. (2008): Lapis 33 (12), 36-38; 58.
        • Žlutice (Luditz)
    		Černý, P. et al.: Mokrá u Žlutic, lokalita gibbsitu, böhmitu a zeolitů. Minerál, 2002, roč. 10, č. 6, s. 403 - 408.
    Dominican Republic
     
    • Barahona Province
      • Sierra de Baoruco
    		R. Weyl (1965) Erdgeschichte und Landschaftsbild in Mittelamerika. (Waldemar Kramer Verlag, Frankfurt am Main)
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Foix
          • Montels
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
        • Lavelanet
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Bouches-du-Rhône
        • Les Baux-de-Provence
    		S. Caillère and Th. Pobeguin : "Quelques Aspects Microscopiques de la Gibbsite dans les Bauxites du Mas Rouge (Région des Baux)", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., 1967, XC, N°3, 414-416
      • Var
        • Brignoles
    		Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1964, LXXXVII, p. 542-546.
        • Cabasse
    		Self collected by S. MAURY
    Self collected by S. MAURY
    Germany
     
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Niederschlag-Bärenstein District
          • Bärenstein
    		T. Witzke (1994): Neufunde aus Sachsen (II): Nordstrandit vom Bärenstein bei Annaberg in Sachsen.- Lapis 19, 10, 36-39
    Ghana
     
    • Western Region
      • Bekwai District
        • Affoh-sefwi
    		http://www.minport.com/showmrds-W001836.html
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Western Attikí District
        • Megara
    		Z. Maksimovitch, D.L. Bisch : "Brindleyite, a nickel-rich aluminous serpentinite mineral analogous to berthierine", Amer. Mineralogist, 1978, 63, 484-489"
    • Sterea Hellas Department
      • Fthiótis Prefecture
        • Lokris
    		http://www.min.tu-clausthal.de/www/sga/news15/art10.html
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Arsuk
        • Arsuk Firth
          • Ivittuut (Ivigtut)
    		Petersen, O. V and K Secher (1993) The Minerals of Greenland. Mineralogical Record 24:36
    Guyana
     
    • Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region
      • Omai
    		http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/omai-bauxite-mine-2006-10-27
    Hungary
     
    • Fejér Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
      • Bicske-Zsámbéki Basin
        • Bicske-Csordakút
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
        • Mány
    		Sajó, I.E. & Szakáll, S. (2007): Canadian Mineralogist 45, 479-483.
      • Vértes Mts.
        • Gánt
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineal Locality, 2004
    Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Komárom-Esztergom Co.
      • Gerecse Mts.
        • Tatabánya
    		Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    • Veszprém Co.
      • Bakony Mts.
        • Eplény
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
        • Fenyőfő
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
    Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
        • Nyirád
    Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Locality, 2004
        • Sümeg
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    Iraq
     
    • Western Desert
      • Wadi Al-Hussainiya
    		Al-Bassam, K.S., and Tamar-Agha, K.Y. (1998): Mineralium Deposita 33, 266-282.
    Israel
     
    • Negev
    		Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Vercelli Province
        • Mastallone Valley
          • Sabbia
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Sardinia
      • Sassari Province
        • Olmedo
    		MacLean, W.H., Bonavia, F.F., and Sanna, G. (1997): Mineralium Deposita 32, 607-616.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Montecchio Maggiore
          • San Pietro
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
        • Tretto di Schio
          • Val Munari
            • Contrade Maglio-Pornaro
    		Saccardo D., Zordan A., 2002. Il giacimento metamorfico di contatto di Maglio-Pornaro al Tretto di Schio (Vicenza). Riv. Miner. Ital., 4: 234-236.
    Jamaica
     
    • Saint Ann Parish
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chugoku Region
        • Hiroshima Prefecture
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Esashi City
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Kyrgyzstan
     
    • Batken Oblast
    		Atali A. Agakhanov et al (2005) New Data on Minerals Vol 40 pp23-28
    Madagascar
     
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Anosy (Fort Dauphin) Region
        • Amboasary District
          • Behara Commune
    		Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    Mexico
     
    • Yucatán
    		2009 Portland GSA Annual Meeting (18-21 October 2009) Paper No. 26-11
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
      • Hurunui District
        • Culverden
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
      • Otago
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Nigeria
     
    • Kogi State
      • Lokoja District
    		Mücke, A., Badejoko, T.A., and Akande, S.O. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 284-296.
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Porsgrunn
        • Langangen
          • Rønningen (Skredderrønningen)
    		Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179
          • Slevolden
    		Burvald, Ingulv (1993): To forekomster av nefelin-syenitt-pegmatitt i Telemark. STEIN 20 (3), 176-179
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Siktesøya
    		Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
        • Mørje
          • Sagåsen (Strandåsen)
    		Larsen, A.O. (1981): Boehmite from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo region, Norway. Mineralogical Record 12, 227-230
    Larsen, A.O. (1981): Boehmite from syenite pegmatites in the Oslo region, Norway. Mineralogical Record 12, 227-230
    Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Hedrum
          • Lågendalen
    		Sæbø, P. (1966a): A short comment on some Norwegian mineral deposits within the igneous rock complex of the Oslo region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 46, 260-261
    Andersen, F. (1993): Hedrum pukkverk i Lågendalen. STEIN 20 (4), 236-238
        • Langesundsfjorden
          • Barkevik area
    		Field collected and identified by Knut Eldjarn
          • Vesle Arøya
    		Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1), 15-71
        • Pauler
    		Collected by Peter Andresen, 2010.
        • Tjølling
          • Håkestad
        • Tvedalen
    Engvoldsen, T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 (see p.68)
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    Nordrum, F.S. (2001): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2000-2001. STEIN 28 (2): 13- 19
    Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71
    Collection of Peter Andresen.
    Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Norsk Bergverksmuseets Skrift. 20, 50-59
    Russia
     
    • North-Western Region
      • Leningradskaya Oblast'
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Verkhnechegemskaya caldera (Verkhni Chegem caldera; Upper Chegem caldera)
    		A. E. Zadov data
    • Northern Region
      • Komi Republic
        • Timan Range
    		Mordberg, L.E. (2004): Mineralogical Magazine 68(3), 489-497.
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Khibiny Massif
    		Pekov, I.V. & Podlesnyi, A.S. (2004): Kukisvumchorr Deposit: Mineralogy of Alkaline Pegmatites and Hydrotermalites. Mineralogical Almanac, vol. 7, 140 pages + xxiv photo's pages
    www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Revúca Co.
        • Gemerská Ves
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    • Košice Region
      • Košice Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
      • Michalovce Co.
        • Remetské Hámre
    		[Eur.J.Mineral. 13:177-186]
      • Spišská Nová Ves Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Trenčín region
      • Púchov Co.
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Sudan
     
    • North Darfur Wilayah (Shamal Darfur Wilayah)
    Sweden
     
    • Skåne
      • Helsingborg
        • Fjärestad
    		Norin, R. (1949): Studier över den mineralogiska sammansättningen av några lertyper från NV. Skånes rät-lias-, Vallåkra- och Kågeröds-bildningar. GFF 71: 215 – 237 (p. 228)
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Collombey
        • Muraz
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 81
    Turkey
     
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Eskişehir Province
        • Mihaliççik
    		Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 140; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 12: 256-319.
    • Arkansas
      • Pulaski Co.
    		Rocks and Minerals, (1988) 63:104-125
      • Saline Co.
        • Bauxite
    		Rocks & Min.:63:122; Stroud, et al(1969).
    • California
      • Riverside Co.
        • Temescal Valley
          • Alberhill
    		Allen, Victor T. (1946), Some United States boehmite localities: (abstract) Geological Society of America Bulletin: 57: 1173; Engel, R., T.E. Gay, and B.L. Rogers (1959) Mineral deposits of Lake Elsinore quadrangle, California California Division Mines and Geology Bulletin 146: 77-95; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 108; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 144; Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70.
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Geneva District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • Georgia
      • Rabun Co.
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
        • Pine Mountain
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 70
    • Montana
      • Silver Bow Co.
    		The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen; "Butte, Montana, Minerals, Mines and History", The Mineralogical Record, Vol 33, No. 1, Jan-Feb, 2002
    • North Carolina
      • Jackson Co.
    		American Mineralogist ,1979, Vol. 64 pg 1300-1302
      • Mitchell Co.
        • Bee Creek
    		Mineral Commodity Files, Asheville Regional Office, North Carolina Geological Survey
    • Pennsylvania
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 20-21; Montgomery, A. (Aug, 1972) PA Mins. (PM) (116), Keystone Newsletter; Grant, R.W. (Feb & Mar, 1973) PA Mins. (PM) (1
    Rocks & Min.: 6:26; 10:33-36, 58; Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 20-21; Montgomery, A. (Aug, 1972) PA Mins. (PM) (116), Keystone Newsletter; Grant, R.W.
    Rocks & Min.: 6:26; 10:33-36, 58; Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 20-21; Montgomery, A. (Aug, 1972) PA Mins. (PM) (116), Keystone Newsletter; Grant, R.W.
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
        • Drum Mts
          • Detroit District (Drum District; Joy District)
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Augusta Co.
        • Spottswood Bauxite District
          • Spottswood
    		Rocks & Min.:60:165.
    Rocks & Min.:60:165.
    Rocks & Min.: 60:165.
    • Washington
      • Cowlitz Co.
        • Longview
          • Slide Creek
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
      • King Co.
        • Palmer
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
      • Kittitas Co.
        • Hyas Lake
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.60
    Vietnam
     
    • Lang Son Province
      • Cao Loc District
    		Kamitani, M., Okumura, K., Teraoka, Y., Miyano, S., and Watanabe, Y. (2007): Mineral Resources Map of East Asia. Geological Survey of Japan.
    Kamitani, M., Okumura, K., Teraoka, Y., Miyano, S., and Watanabe, Y. (2007): Mineral Resources Map of East Asia. Geological Survey of Japan.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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