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Bustamite

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Zinc Corporation Mine (ZC Mine), Broken Hill, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
© Knut Eldjarn

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Formula:
CaMn
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
System:TriclinicColour:Pale to medium pink; ...
Hardness:5½ - 6½
Member of:Wollastonite Group
Name:
After Anastasio Bustamente (1780-1853), a General, of Mexico.


Wollastonite Group.

The Mn analogue of ferrobustamite.

Classification of Bustamite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/F.18-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.DG.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
Dana 8th edition ID:65.2.1.2

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
Hey's CIM Ref.:14.18.13

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
18 : Silicates of Mn and Na, K, Mg, Ca or Fe
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Type Occurrence of Bustamite

Type Locality:Franklin Mine, Franklin, Franklin Mining District, Sussex Co., New Jersey, USA
Year of Discovery:1822

Occurrences of Bustamite

Geological Setting:In metamorphosed manganese ores, typically skarns

Physical Properties of Bustamite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Pale to medium pink; brownish red; colourless to yellowish pink in transmitted light
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):5½ - 6½
Cleavage:Perfect
On {100} perfect; on {110} and {110} good; on {010} poor.
Density (measured):3.32 - 3.43 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.421 g/cm3

Crystallography of Bustamite

Crystal System:Triclinic
Class (H-M):1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:P1
Cell Parameters:a = 15.41Å, b = 7.15Å, c = 13.82Å
α = 89.48°, β = 94.85°, γ = 102.93°
Ratio:a:b:c = 2.155 : 1 : 1.933
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,478.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:12
Morphology:Crystals prismatic, acicular; tabular on {001}. Commonly fibrous, cleavable massive.
Twinning:On {110} as the composition plane, simple twins, rare.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Bustamite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.640 - 1.695 nβ = 1.651 - 1.708 nγ = 1.653 - 1.710
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.013 - 0.015

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v or r < v
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X=Z= orange
Y= rose

Chemical Properties of Bustamite

Formula:
CaMn
2+
 
(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
Essential elements:Ca, Mn, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Mn, O, Si
Common Impurities:Mg,Zn,Fe

Relationship of Bustamite to other Species

Member of:Wollastonite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
Pectolite
NaCa
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
Tanohataite
LiMn
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
Wollastonite
CaSiO
 
3
Common Associates:
WollastoniteRhodoniteRhodoniteJohannseniteGrossular
GlaucochroiteDiopsideCalcite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
9.DG.05Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
9.DG.05Pectolite
NaCa
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
9.DG.05Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
9.DG.05Wollastonite
CaSiO
 
3
9.DG.05Wollastonite-1A
CaSiO
 
3
9.DG.07Cascandite
Ca(Sc,Fe
3+
 
)(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
9.DG.08Plombièrite
Ca
 
5
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
 · 7H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Clinotobermorite
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
) · 5H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Riversideite
Ca
 
5
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.DG.10Tobermorite
Ca
 
4+x
(H
 
2-2x
Si
 
6
O
 
17
) · 5H
 
2
O
9.DG.15Foshagite
Ca
 
4
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)(OH)
 
2
9.DG.20Jennite
Ca
 
9
(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
 · 8H
 
2
O
9.DG.25Paraumbite
K
 
3
Zr
 
2
H(Si
 
3
O
 
9
)
 
2
 · nH
 
2
O
9.DG.25Umbite
K
 
2
(Zr,Ti)Si
 
3
O
 
9
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.30Sørensenite
Na
 
4
SnBe
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
16
(OH)
 
4
9.DG.35Xonotlite
Ca
 
6
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)(OH)
 
2
9.DG.40Hillebrandite
Ca
 
2
(SiO
 
3
)(OH)
 
2
9.DG.45Zorite
Na
 
8
(Ti,Nb)
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)
 
2
(OH,O)
 
5
 · 14H
 
2
O
9.DG.45Chivruaiite
Ca
 
4
(Ti,Nb)
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)
 
2
(OH,O)
 
5
 · 13-14H
 
2
O
9.DG.50Haineaultite
(Na,Ca)
 
5
Ca(Ti,Nb)
 
5
(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)
 
2
(OH,F)
 
8
 · 5H
 
2
O
9.DG.55Epididymite
Na
 
2
Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.60Eudidymite
Na
 
2
Be
 
2
Si
 
6
O
 
15
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.65Elpidite
Na
 
2
ZrSi
 
6
O
 
15
 · 3H
 
2
O
9.DG.70Fenaksite
(K,Na)
 
4
(Fe,Mn)
 
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)
 
2
(OH,F)
9.DG.70Litidionite
CuNaKSi
 
4
O
 
10
9.DG.70Manaksite
KNaMnSi
 
4
O
 
10
9.DG.75Tinaksite
K
 
2
Na(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
7
O
 
18
(OH)]
9.DG.75Tokkoite
K
 
2
Ca
 
4
Si
 
7
O
 
17
(O,OH,F)
 
4
9.DG.75Senkevichite
CsKNaCa
 
2
Ti[O|Si
 
7
O
 
18
(OH)]
9.DG.80Canasite
K
 
2
Na
 
4
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
(OH,F)
 
4
9.DG.80Fluorcanasite
K
 
3
Na
 
3
Ca
 
5
Si
 
12
O
 
30
F
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.85Miserite
K(Ca,Ce)
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
13
(OH)
 
3
9.DG.90Frankamenite
K
 
3
Na
 
3
Ca
 
5
(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(F,OH)
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
9.DG.92Charoite
(K,Na)
 
6-7
(Ca,Na)
 
18
[(Si
 
6
O
 
17
)(Si
 
12
O
 
30
)(Si
 
18
O
 
45
)](OH,F)
 
2
 · n H
 
2
O
9.DG.95Yuksporite
(K,Ba)NaCa
 
2
(Si,Ti)
 
4
O
 
11
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
9.DG.97Eveslogite
(Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)
 
48
 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe
2+
 
)
 
12
Si
 
48
O
 
144
(OH)
 
12
](F,OH,Cl)
 
14
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
14.18.1Nambulite
(Li,Na)Mn
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.2Natronambulite
(Na,Li)(Mn,Ca)
 
4
Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH
14.18.3Zakharovite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
5
Si
 
10
O
 
24
(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.4Norrishite
KLiMn
2+
2
(Si
 
4
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
2
14.18.5Shafranovskite
(Na,K)
 
6
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
Si
 
9
O
 
24
 · 6H
 
2
O
14.18.6Abswurmbachite
CuMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.7Donpeacorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)Mg[SiO
 
3
]
 
2
14.18.8Kanoite
Mn
2+
 
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.9Caryopilite
(Mn,Mg)
 
3
(Si
 
2
O
 
5
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.10Gonyerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
Fe
3+
 
(Fe
3+
 
Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
8
14.18.11 Tirodite
14.18.12Manganhumite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
7
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
 
2
14.18.14Glaucochroite
CaMn
2+
 
SiO
 
4
14.18.15Truscottite
(Ca,Mn)
 
14
Si
 
24
O
 
58
(OH)
 
8
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.16Santaclaraite
CaMn
 
4
[Si
 
5
O
 
14
OH](OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.17Ferrobustamite
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mn
2+
 
)(Si
 
2
O
 
6
)
14.18.18Johannsenite
CaMn
2+
 
Si
 
2
O
 
6
14.18.19Neltnerite
CaMn
3+
6
(SiO
 
4
)O
 
8
14.18.20Orlymanite
Ca
 
4
Mn
 
3
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.21Inesite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
Si
 
10
O
 
28
(OH)
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
14.18.22Orientite
Ca
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
(Si
 
3
O
 
10
)(OH)
 
4
14.18.23Ruizite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|H
 
2
Si
 
4
O
 
13
] · 2H
 
2
O
14.18.24Bostwickite
CaMn
 
6
Si
 
3
O
 
16
 · 7H
 
2
O
14.18.25Kittatinnyite
Ca
 
2
Mn
 
2
Mn(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 9H
 
2
O
14.18.26Lithiomarsturite
LiCa
 
2
Mn
 
2
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.27Sérandite
Na(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
2
(HSi
 
3
O
 
9
)
14.18.28Kvanefjeldite
Na
 
4
(Ca,Mn)(Si
 
3
O
 
7
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
14.18.29Marsturite
NaCaMn
 
3
Si
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.30Raite
Na
 
4
Mn
2+
3
Ti
 
0.25
Si
 
8
O
 
20
(OH)
 
2
 · 10H
 
2
O
14.18.31Richterite
{Na}{CaNa}{Mg
 
5
}(Si
 
8
O
 
22
)(OH)
 
2
14.18.32Byelorussite-(Ce)
NaBa
 
2
Ce
 
2
MnTi
 
2
[Si
 
4
O
 
12
]
 
2
O
 
2
(F,OH) · H
 
2
O
14.18.33Deerite
(Fe,Mn)
 
6
(Fe,Al)
 
3
[Si
 
6
O
 
17
]O
 
3
(OH)
 
5
14.18.34Calderite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
(SiO
 
4
)
 
3
14.18.35Pyroxmangite
MnSiO
 
3
14.18.36Dannemorite
14.18.37Neotocite
(Mn,Fe,Mg)SiO
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
14.18.38Babingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Fe,Mn)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.39Manganbabingtonite
Ca
 
2
(Mn,Fe)FeSi
 
5
O
 
14
(OH)
14.18.40Örebroite
Mn
2+
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Sb
5+
 
)(SiO
 
4
)(O,OH)
 
3

Other Names for Bustamite

Synonyms:
Buchstamite
Other Languages:
German:Buchstamit
Bustamit
Russian:Бустамит
Simplified Chinese:钙蔷薇辉石
Spanish:Buchstamita
Bustamita

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Magenta-red (LW UV)(Franklin Mine, NJ).
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:		Pink color fades on exposure to sunlight.
Health Warning:None.

References for Bustamite

Reference List:

- +
Larsen, E.S. and Shannon, E.V. (1922) Bustamite from Franklin Furnace, New Jersey. American Mineralogist: 7: 95-100.

Peacor, D.R. and Buerger, M.J. (1962) Determination and refinement of the crystal structure of bustamite, CaMnSi2O6. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 117: 331-343.

Harada, K., Sekino, H., Nagashima, K., Watanabe, T., and Momoi, K. (1974) High-iron bustamite and fluorapatite from the Broken Hill mine, New South Wales, Australia. Mineralogical Magazine: 39: 601-604.

Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., and Zussman, J. (1978) Rock-forming minerals, 2nd. edition, Vol. 2A: 574-585.

Ohashi, Y. and Finger, L.W. (1978) The role of octahedral cations in pyroxenoid crystal chemistry. I. Bustamite, wollastonite, and the pectolite-schizolite-serandite series. American Mineralogist: 63: 274-288.

Mineralogical Magazine: 49: 37-48.

Dunn, Pete J. (1995): Franklin and Sterling Hill New Jersey: the world's most magnificent mineral deposits, Part 3: 438. (http://franklin-sterlinghill.com/dunn/ch17/bustamite.stm). [Link dead. Nov 2011]

Internet Links for Bustamite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Bustamite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Bustamite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Jujuy
      • Aguilar district
    		Econ Geol (1992) 87:2085-2112; Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		Ramdohr, P. (1950): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 2(4), 291-333.
    Demetrius Pohl collection, Rock Currier photo
    Minerals Of Broken Hill, Worner and Mitchell Editors, AMS Ltd. Publishers
    "Minerals of Broken Hill" Worner and Mitchell editors, AMS LTD publishers
    • Queensland
      • Mount Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Mary Kathleen district
    		Econ Geol (1985) 80:513-518
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Kaprun valley
          • Mooserboden reservoir
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Plovdiv Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Nedelino ore field
    • Smolyan Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
    		[MinRec 22 p.439]
    China
     
    • Fujian Province
      • Longyan Prefecture
        • Liancheng Co.
    		Nanlai Zheng, Xingli Mao, and Jiansheng Ding (1986): Geology and Prospecting 22(3), 17-20
        • Zhangping Co.
    		Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Ganzhou Prefecture
        • Chongyi Co.
    		Yiming Zhao, Yongguan Dong, Daxin Li, and Chengsi Bi (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 153-182.
    • Liaoning Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Chaoyang Prefecture
        • Chaoyang Co.
    		Fan, D., Ye, J., and Li, J. (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 15(1), 31-53.
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Hautes-Pyrénées
    		 Le Règne Minéral 47: 5-21
          • Vielle Aure
    		DE ASCENCAO GUEDES R., TIXADOR Y., CASTERET A. & GOUJOU JC. (2002) La mine de Coustou, Vielle-Aure, Hautes-Pyrénées. Le Règne Minéral, 47, 23-31. (in french)
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel
        • Laach lake volcanic complex
          • Kruft
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Mendig
            • Niedermendig
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
              • Wingertsberg
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Wernigerode
          • Elbingerode
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Honduras
     
    • Santa Bárbara Department
    		Econ Geol (2004) 99:1223-1231
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Susa Valley
          • Cesana Torinese
    		Brizio, P., Ambrino, P., Ciriotti, M.E., Blass, G. (2010). L'affioramento a Mn, SiO, Fe, S di Roccia Rossa, Cesana, Torino. Micro (località) 1/2010, 313-328
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Strona Valley
    		Bertolani, M. (1976): Il giacimento manganesifero di Ravinella di Sotto presso Forno (Valle Strona di Omegna).
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
    		http://www.minsocam.org/msa/Handbook/Bustamite.PDF
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Fukui Prefecture
          • Mikata-kaminaka-gun
            • Wakasa-cho
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Ono City
            • Nakatatsu mine
    		Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto)
    Tokunaga, M. (1965): Science Reports of the Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, 9:67-87
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Shimoda City
            • Rendaiji
    		(unpublished species lists maintained by local collectors; needs confirmation)
        • Yamanashi Prefecture
          • Shimobe
    		mineralhunters.hp.infoseek.co.jp/kusama.html
      • Kanto Region
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu-gun
            • Ohtaki-mura
              • Nakatsugawa
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Kanuma City
    		Takaharu Araki collection label; Handbook of Mineralogy.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Kuji City
            • Yamagata
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
          • Noda
    		Watanabe, T. (1959) Mineralogical Journal, 2, 6, 408-421
          • Shimohei-gun
            • Iwaizumi
    		No reference listed
    Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
        • Yamagata Prefecture
          • Mogami
    		Geological Survey of Japan, 1960.; Akira Kato (2011) Reference informations on distributed specimens at the Ordinary Meeting of Mumeikai Group, No. 1 (April, 2011).
    • Kyushu Region
      • Miyazaki Prefecture
    		Fuzimoto, M. (2006): Manganese minerals from manganese mines, Takachiho district, Miyazaki Prefecture. Part 1. Shimozuru Mine. Chigaku Kenkyu 54, 213-221. (in Japanese)
    Mexico
     
    • Chihuahua
      • Mun. de Urique
        • Piedras Verde (Piedras Verdes)
    		http://www.diabras.com/en/bolivar_field_reports.php
    • Puebla
    		Dana 6:569
    Mongolia
     
    • Sühbaatar Aimag (Sükhbaatar Aimag)
      • Baruun-Urt
    		Gottesmann, W. et al. (2009): N. Jb. Mineral. 185, 249-280
    Namibia
     
    • Otjozondjupa Region
    		Bezing, L. von, Bode, R. & Jahn, S. (2007): Namibia. Minerals and Localities. Edition Schloss Freudenstein, Bode Verlag, Haltern, 368 pp. (in English)
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Øvre Eiker
        • Gunhildrud
    		Jahren, J.; Berg, H.J.; Hurum, J.H. & Wulff-Pedersen, E. (1998): Nye undersøkelser av amazonitt-genthelvin pegmatitten fra Fiskum, Øvre Eiker. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 14, 13-16
    • Oslo
      • Årvoll (Årvold; Aarvold)
    		Neumann,H. &Nilssen,B.(1981):"Inesitt (?) Bustamitt". NAGS-Nytt 8(2),33 (in norwegian)
    • Telemark
      • Tokke
        • Botnedal
    		Wel, D.van der. (1999): The Minerals of the Brandsnuten Manganes Deposit, Tokke, Norway. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 15: 74-86
    Peru
     
    • Lima Department
      • Oyon Province
    		No reference listed
    Romania
     
    • Bihor Co.
      • Nucet
    		www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009)
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye)
        • Yeniseisk Autonomous Oblast'
          • Kuznetsk Alatau Range
    		Kuleshov, V.N., and Bych, A.F. (2002): Lithology and Mineral Resources 37(4), 330-343.
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
    		American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Baksan Valley
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Urals Region
      • Southern Urals
        • Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic
    		Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    South Africa
     
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Kalahari manganese fields
        • Kuruman
          • N'Chwaning Mines
    		[Von Bezing, K. L. et al. (1991) - The Kalahari (Afrique du Sud) manganese field : an update, Mineralogical Record, 22 (3), 279-302.]
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • Bellmunt del Priorat
    		Joan Abella i Creus (2008): Minerals I Mines De La Conca De Bellmunt Del Priorat.
          • El Molar
    		Joan Abella i Creus, pers. comm.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Ludvika
    		No reference listed
    • Dalsland
      • Åmål
        • Strandhem ore field
    		No reference listed
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:237; Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
        • Persberg district
          • Pajsberg
    		Nysten, P. (2004): Harstigen ett mineralogisk eldorado i Bergslagen. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 5-13
    • Västmanland
      • Hällefors
        • Grythyttan
    		No reference listed
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Denizli Province
        • Kale
    		Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Callington
    		No reference listed
        • Liskeard District
          • Altarnun
    		No reference listed
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		http://www.mineralman.f9.co.uk/quarries/meldon.htm ; BMS Database; Mineralogical Magazine 1966 35 : 991-994.
    Tindle, A.G. (2008) Minerals of Britian and Ireland
      • North West Highlands (Inverness-shire)
        • Isle of Skye
          • Broadford
            • Torrin
    USA
     
    • California
    		AmMin 21:69
      • Madera Co.
        • Agnew Meadows
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 116; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 411.
    • Colorado
      • Park Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • San Juan Co.
        • Eureka District
          • Gladstone
    		juanita Curtiss specimen
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Palache (1935): 69; Mason, B.: Am. Min.: 60: 209-212 (1975); Dunn (1995):Pt3:438.
          • Ogdensburg
            • Sterling Hill
    		Dunn(1995):Pt3:438-439.
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
        • Hanover-Fierro District
    		Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (1985) 89:379-393
    • Washington
      • Clallam Co.
        • Lake Crescent
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.62
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Mount Jupiter
          • Elkhorn Group
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.63
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    New Mineral Name: IMA2011-009From Uwe Kolitsch, 17th Feb 2012 18:16:09