Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

The mineralogy of Palladium

General Properties
Symbol:Pd
Atomic Number:46
Standard atomic weight (Ar):106.42(1)
Electron configuration:[Kr] 4d10
Photos
<
Palladium crystal
>
Atomic Properties
Electronegativity (Pauling scale):2.2
Atomic Radius:169 pm
Ionic Radius:59 pm (+1)
Van der Waals Radius:163 pm
1st Ionization energy:804 kJ/mol
1st Electron affinity:-54 kJ/mol
Oxidation States:2,4
Physical Properties
Standard State:solid
Bonding Type:metallic
Melting Point:1828 K
Boiling Point:3236 K
Density:12.02 g/cm3
Metal/Non-Metal:transition metal
Main isotopes of Palladium
Isotope% in NatureHalf LifeDecay typeDecay product
100Pdsynthetic3.63dε100Rh
102Pd1.02%-β+β+ ?102Ru
103Pdsynthetic16.991dε103Rh
104Pd11.14%-Spontaneous fission ?
105Pd22.33%-Spontaneous fission ?
106Pd27.33%-Spontaneous fission ?
107Pdtrace6.5×106yβ−107Ag
108Pd26.46%-Spontaneous fission ?
110Pd11.72%>6×1017yβ-β-110Cd
Main ions of Palladium
NameIonExample minerals
palladium(II)Pd2+
hexachloropalladate(IV)[PdCl6]2-
Other Information
Year Discovered:1803
Discovered By:
05746540014946511064485.jpg
William Hyde Wollaston
Year Isolated:1803
Isolated By:William Hyde Wollaston
Named For:after asteroid Pallas
CPK color coding:#006985
External Links:WikipediaWebElementsLos Alamos National LaboratoryTheodore Gray's PeriodicTable.com
Simple Compounds and Mineral Names
Sulfidespalladium sulphidePdS+2
palladium disulphidePdS2+4
Selenidespalladium selenidePdSe+2
palladium diselenidePdSe2+4Verbeekite
Telluridespalladium telluridePdTe+2
palladium ditelluridePdTe2+4
Fluoridespalladium difluoridePdF2+2
palladium tetrafluoridePdF4+4
Chloridespalladium dichloridePdCl2+2
Iodidespalladium diiodidePdI2+2
Oxidespalladium oxidePdO+2
palladium dioxidePdO2+4
Mineral Diversity of Palladium
1. Elements 18 valid mineral species
2. Sulfides And Sulfosalts 62 valid mineral species
4. Oxides 1 valid mineral species
Total:81 valid species containing essential Palladium
Geochemistry of Palladium
Goldschmidt classification:Siderophile
Elemental Abundance for Palladium
Crust (CRC Handbook)1.5 x 10-8mass fraction, kg/kg
Crust (Kaye & Laby)3 x 10-9mass fraction, kg/kg
Crust (Greenwood)1.5 x 10-8mass fraction, kg/kg
Crust (Ahrens/Taylor)1.0 x 10-9mass fraction, kg/kg
Upper Crust (Ahrens/Taylor)5 x 10-10mass fraction, kg/kg
The Sun (Kaye & Laby)1.4 x 10-6atom mole fraction relative to Si=1
Solar System (Kaye & Laby)1.4 x 10-6atom mole fraction relative to Si=1
Solar System (Ahrens)1.39 x 10-6 (6.6%)atom mole fraction relative to Si=1 (% uncertainty)
Element association of Palladium in the Mineral World
This table compares the known valid mineral species listed listed with Palladium and the other elements listed based on the official IMA formula. Note that unlike other sections on this page this includes non-essential elements.

The first data column contains the total number of minerals listed with Palladium and the element listed for that row.

The second data column lists this number as a percentage of all minerals listed with Palladium.

The final data column compares this percentage against the percentage of all minerals that contain the element listed in each row.

Click on a heading to sort.
ElementValid Minerals listed with element and Palladium% of Pd mineralsRelative to % in all minerals
Arsenic20 minerals with Pd and As23.53%81.56% higher
Tellurium19 minerals with Pd and Te22.35%548.45% higher
Bismuth14 minerals with Pd and Bi16.47%295.95% higher
Copper13 minerals with Pd and Cu15.29%12.41% higher
Selenium12 minerals with Pd and Se14.12%435.76% higher
Antimony12 minerals with Pd and Sb14.12%152.03% higher
Sulfur12 minerals with Pd and S14.12%35.85% lower
Tin11 minerals with Pd and Sn12.94%584.97% higher
Silver9 minerals with Pd and Ag10.59%176.58% higher
Lead8 minerals with Pd and Pb9.41%10.85% lower
Platinum7 minerals with Pd and Pt8.24%957.27% higher
Mercury5 minerals with Pd and Hg5.88%225.63% higher
Nickel4 minerals with Pd and Ni4.71%37.18% higher
Rhodium3 minerals with Pd and Rh3.53%751.86% higher
Germanium2 minerals with Pd and Ge2.35%273.62% higher
Silicon1 mineral with Pd and Si1.18%95.76% lower
Indium1 mineral with Pd and In1.18%317.58% higher
Iron1 mineral with Pd and Fe1.18%94.86% lower
Oxygen1 mineral with Pd and O1.18%98.55% lower
Zinc1 mineral with Pd and Zn1.18%79.42% lower
Thallium1 mineral with Pd and Tl1.18%21.99% lower
Periodic Table
1H 2He
3Li 4Be 5B 6C 7N 8O 9F 10Ne
11Na 12Mg 13Al 14Si 15P 16S 17Cl 18Ar
19K 20Ca 21Sc 22Ti 23V 24Cr 25Mn 26Fe 27Co 28Ni 29Cu 30Zn 31Ga 32Ge 33As 34Se 35Br 36Kr
37Rb 38Sr 39Y 40Zr 41Nb 42Mo 43Tc 44Ru 45Rh 46Pd 47Ag 48Cd 49In 50Sn 51Sb 52Te 53I 54Xe
55Cs 56Ba 57La 72Hf 73Ta 74W 75Re 76Os 77Ir 78Pt 79Au 80Hg 81Tl 82Pb 83Bi 84Po 85At 86Rn
87Fr 88Ra 89Ac 104Rd 105Db 106Sg 107Bh 108Hs 109Mt 110Ds 111Rg 112Cn 113Nh 114Fl 115Mc 116Lv 117Ts 118Og
 
58Ce 59Pr 60Nd 61Pm 62Sm 63Eu 64Gd 65Tb 66Dy 67Ho 68Er 69Tm 70Yb 71Lu
90Th 91Pa 92U 93Np 94Pu 95Am 96Cm 97Bk 98Cf 99Es 100Fm 101Md 102No 103Lr
Default Categories CPK Electronegativity Atomic Radius Lowest Oxidation Highest Oxidation Crustal Abundance Goldschmidt Mineral Species Minerals with Pd Relative Frequency
Rhodium << Palladium >> Silver


Most widespread minerals containing Palladium
This list of minerals containing Palladium is built from the mindat.org locality database. This is based on the number of localities entered for mineral species and is therefore slanted towards minerals interesting to collectors with less coverage of common rock-forming-minerals so it does not give an undistorted distribution of Palladium mineral species. It is more useful when comparing rare species rather than common species.
NameFormulaCrystal SystemMindat Localities
MerenskyitePdTe2Trigonal210
KotulskitePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)Hexagonal179
MicheneritePdBiTeIsometric166
BraggitePdPt3S4Tetragonal159
StibiopalladinitePd5Sb2Hexagonal112
VysotskitePdSTetragonal94
MertieitePd8Sb2.5As0.5Trigonal89
Frooditeα-PdBi2Monoclinic84
SobolevskitePdBiHexagonal78
Palladium(Pd,Pt)Isometric78
Photos

Localities with greatest number of different Palladium mineral species
1Marathon deposit, Coldwell complex, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada37 Pd minerals
Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia31 Pd minerals
3North Kamennik deposit, Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex), Murmansk Oblast, Russia29 Pd minerals
4Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Noril'sk, Putoran Plateau, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia27 Pd minerals
Fedorova Tundra block, Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex), Murmansk Oblast, Russia24 Pd minerals
6Southern PGE Reef, Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex), Murmansk Oblast, Russia23 Pd minerals
7Kievey deposit, Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex), Murmansk Oblast, Russia23 Pd minerals
8Lukkulaisvaara ultrabasic Massif (Lukkulaisvaara pluton; Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion), Olanga River (Oulanka River), Oulanka plutonic complex, Loukhsky District, Republic of Karelia, Russia22 Pd minerals


Spotted a mistake/omission? - These pages are a work in progress, so please send all comments/corrections to jolyon@mindat.org. Thank you.

Constants and physical property data from:

David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005).
Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants (2005). Section 3.1.3, Abundances of the elements
A. Earnshaw, N. Greenwood, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1997)
Thomas J. Ahrens (ed.), Global Earth Physics : A Handbook of Physical Constants, American Geophysical Union (1995)
L.B. Railsback, An Earth Scientist's Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions : Geology 31:9 p737-740 (2003)
Emsley, J. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. New York: Oxford University Press (2001)
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: April 24, 2024 07:32:54
Go to top of page