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Gravel Hill Mine (Cliff Iron Mine), Perran Iron Lode (Great Perran Iron Lode), Perranzabuloe, St Agnes District, Cornwall, England, UK
Gravel Hill mine worked the western end of the Perran Iron Lode. Where the lode crops out in the cliff, it consists of two branches that are separated by a horse of killas. Both branches were worked from the cliff face, and the stopes still stand as large caverns. About 170 yards SE of the cliff workings is a small but deep opencast called the Big Iron Pit. Another excavation just north of the caverns is from an old quarry in an elvan dyke and not related to the mine workings.
Underground development was carried out from an adit at beach level, which follows the north branch of the lode, and from shafts near the cliff edge. The base of the oxidized zone is about at adit level. Below this, the lode is reported to narrow and to consist mainly of blue fluccan (clay) with fragments of sulphides. About midway between the cliff and the Big Iron Pit, the lode is crossed by a NS-trending lode, which is believed to represent the southern extension of the lode worked at the Phoenix Mine.
The mine is known to have been active before 1728, but output figures are only available for the latest workings. Between 1874 and 1882, it produced 7,400 tons of brown iron ore grading at 47% Fe, 10,379 tons of mixed limonite and spathic ores and 30 tons of 40% zinc ore. Another 165 tons of brown iron ore recorded in 1866 under the name Perran Bay may refer to the cliff workings.
Mineral List
30 entries listed. 29 valid minerals.
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References
- A.K. Hamilton Jenkin: Annotations to Ordnance Survey map, scale 1:10,000, sheet 39SW.
- Dines, H.G. (1956): The metalliferous mining region of south-west England. HMSO Publications (London), Vol. 1, pp. 441-442 (see also corrigenda in the 1994 reprint).
- Dines, H.G. (1956): The metalliferous mining region of south-west England. HMSO Publications (London), Vol. 1, pp. 441-442 (see also corrigenda in the 1994 reprint).
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