Poços de Caldas, Poços de Caldas plateau, Minas Gerais, Southeast Region, Brazil

Pocos de Caldas is one of the largest intrusions of the world (some 800 km²) and extends into the states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. The alkaline complex mainly consists of tinguaite/phonolite, and nepheline syenites.
Contains one of the world´s largest baddeleyite deposits, bauxite and uranium mining.

References:
- http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/pocos.htm
- Ulbrich, M. N. C. (1993). Mineralogy of nepheline syenites from the Pocos de Caldas alkaline massif, SE Brazil: chemistry, X-ray data and microtextures of feldspars. Revista Brasileira de Geociencias, 23(4), 388-399. Download at tp://sbg.igc.usp.br/rgb/vol23_down/2304/2304388.pdf

Atencio, D., Coutinho, J. M. V., Ulbrich, M. N. C., Vlach, S. R. F., Rastsvetaeva, R. K., & Pushcharovsky, D. Y. (1999). Hainite from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 91-98. Atencio, D. , Coutinho, J.M.V. and Vlach, S.R.F. (2005). "Tuperssuatsiaite from the Bortolan quarry, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil." The Mineralogical Record, 36(3),pp:275-280.
ATENCIO, D., COUTINHO, J.M.C., ULBRICH, M.N.C., VLACH, S.R.F., RASTVETAEVA, R.K.and PUSHCHAROVSKY, D.Yu. (1999) Hainite from Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Canadian Mineralogist, 37, 91-98.
BAPTISTA, A. (1976) Lamprofilita no lujaurito de Pedra Balão, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais.
[Lamprophyllite in the lujavrite of Pedra Balão, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais.] Annaes da Academia Brasileira de Ciêncas, t. 48, n. 3, 193-196. (in Portugese)
BAPTISTA, A. (1980) Estudio radiocristografico da Eudialita de Pedra Balao, Poços de Caldas, Estado de Minas Gerais. [Radiocrystallographic study of eudialyte from Pedra Balao, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais.] Annaes da Academia Brasileira de Ciêncas, 52, (2), 243-250. (in Portugese)
ELLERT, R. (1959) Contribuição à geologia do maciço alcalino de Poços de Caldas. [Contribution to
the geology of the Poços de Caldas alkaline massif]. Universidade de Sao Paulo. Faculdade de Filosifia, Ciêncas e Letras, Boletim No.23, Mineralogia, 5-63. (in Portuguese)
ELLERT, R. (1966) The Poços de Caldas alkaline massif. from: Guidebook 1966 International Field Institute, 1-6.
ELLERT, R. (1969) Nota sobre a ocorrencia de villiaumita do maciço de Poços de Caldas, M.G. [The occurrence of villiaumite in the Poços de Caldas massif, M.G.] Mineração e Metalurgia, 49, No. 294, 234. (in Portuguese)
ELLERT, R. (1976) The Poços de Caldas alkaline massif. from: Proceedings of the first International
Symposium on Carbonatites, published by: Ministr. Minas e Energia, Brasilia, 305-307.
FRONDEL, C., and MARVIN, U.B. (1959) Cerianite, CeO2, from Poços de Caldas, Brazil. American
Mineralogist, 44, 882-884.
FUJIMORI, K. (1982) Silicato do terras raras (Ce,La,Nd,Ca,Th)SiO4 e cheralita(Th,Ca,Ce,La)(PSiO4).
Annaes XXXII Congress Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, Boletim 2, 669-671. (in Portuguese)
MATIOLI, P.A., ATENCIO, D., and COUTINHO, J.M.V. (1994) Barium-free burbankite from Poços
de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Abstracts with Program, 16th General meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, Pisa, Italy, 268.
MATIOLI, P.A., ATENCIO, D., and TSUGAWA, J.K. (1998) Recent contributions to the mineralogy of Poços de Caldas alkaline massif, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Abstracts with Program, 17th General meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, Toronto, Canada, A111.
SCHORSCHER, H.D., and SHEA, M.E. (1992) The regional geology of the Poços de Caldas alkaline complex: mineralogy and geochemistry of selected nepheline syenites and phonolites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 45, 25-51.
SCHUMANN, A. (1993) Changes in mineralogy and geochemistry of a nepheline syenite with increasing bauxitization. Chemical Geology, 107, (3-4) 327-331.
SHEA, M.E. (1992) Isotopic geochemical characterization of selected nepheline syenites and phonolites from the Poços de Caldas alkaline complex, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 45, 25-51.
ULBRICH, M.N.C. (1986) K-feldspars from Poços de Caldas nepheline syenites, southern Brazil: chemical, optical and XRD studies. Annaes da Academia Brasileira de Ciêncas, 58, (1). 166.
ULBRICH, M.N.C. (1993) Mineralogy of nepheline syenites from the Poços de Caldas alkaline massif SE Brazil: chemistry, X-ray data and microtextures of feldspars Revista Brasileira de Geociencias, 23, 388-399.
 ULBRICH, H.H.G.J. and GOMES, C.B. (1981) Alkaline Rocks from Continental Brazil. Earth Science Reviews, 17, 135-154.
ULBRICH, M.N.C., GOMES, C.B., & ULBRICH, H. (1980) Zonalidade extrema nos piroxenios do nefelina sienito hibrido de Pocos de Caldas - MG. [Extreme zonality in proxenes of the hybrid nepheline syenite of Pocos de Caldas, Minas Gerais.] XXXI congresso brasileiro de geologia; Boletim no. 2, Resumos. XXXI Brazilian geological congress; Bulletin No. 2, Abstracts. 420 (in Portuguese)
WABER, N. (1991) Mineralogy, petrography and geochemistry of the Poços de Caldas analogue study sites, Minas Gerais, Brasil; Morro de Ferro. Universitats Bern, Mineralogisches - Petrographisches Institut, SKB Technical Report, No. 90-12, 110p.
WABER, N. (1992) The supergene thorium and rare-earth deposit at Morro do Ferro, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 45, 113-157.
WABER, N., SCHORSCHER, H.D., and PETERS, T. (1992) Hydrothermal and supergene uranium mineralization at the Osamu Utsumi mine, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 45, 53-112.
WEDOW, H. (1961) Thorium and rare earths in the Poços de Caldas zirconium district, Brazil. U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 424-D, 214-216.
WEDOW, H. (1961) Laterization of allanite in the Morro do Ferro rare-earth and thorium deposit, Poços de Caldas Plateau, Brazil. Economic Geology, 56, No. 7, 1315.