Dubník, Červenica, okres Prešov, Prešovský kraj, Slovenská republika
The largest, oldest and most significant opal deposit in Europe.
The opal is hosted in Tertiary volcanic rocks (predominantly andesites), and accompanied by stibnite, pyrite and marcasite.
The mineralization occurs in the border zone of the stratovolcano Zlatá Baňa.
The opal deposits appear to have already been known in Roman times.
The precious opal was dominating the world market until the rich opal fields in Australia were found. The opal mining activity in the Dubník area stopped in 1922.
Note on the mineral list: All "wupatkiite" reported from Dubnik is Co-rich/-bearing pickeringite, also called 'kasparite' [Ref. Tschechien & Slowakei, Jaroslav Hyrsl and Petr Korbel, Bode Verlag 2008, page 520].
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References
- Butkovič Š., 1970: História slovenského drahého opálu z Dubníka. Alfa, Bratislava, 268 p. (in Slovak)
- Bachmayer C., 1978. In den Farben des Regenbogens - Edelopal. Mineralien-Magazin, 2, 5, 324-xx. (in German)
- Ďuďa R., Černý P. , Kaličiak M., Kaličiaková E., Tözsér J., Ulrych J., Veselovský F., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Miner. Slovaca, Monografia, 2, 99 p. (in Slovak)
- Harman M. & Chovanec V., 1981: Mikrotextúry dubníckych opálov a ich vzťah k opalizácii. Miner. Slov., 8, 209-220. (in Slovak)
- Schenk G., 1981: Der Edelopalbergbau bei Dubnik/CSSR. Fundgrube, 17, 70-83. (in German)
- Koděra M., Andrusovová-Vlčeková G., Belešová O., Briatková D., Dávidová Š., Fejdiová V., Hurai V., Chovan M., Nelišerová E., Ženiš P., 1986-1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska. I-III. Veda, Bratislava, 1592 p. (in Slovak)
- Ďuďa R. & Molnár J., 1992: Die Mineralien aus den slowakischen Edelopal-Lagerstätten. Lapis, 17, 4, 23-28; 50. (in German)
- Ďuďa R., 1994: Die ersten Edelopale Europas. Geschichte, Gewinnung, bedeutende Steine. Opal, Mineralientage München (Messethemenheft), 42-45. (in German)
- Ďuďa R., 1996: Slovenské opály. Minerál, 4, 4, 254-258. (in Slovak)
- Huber P., 1996: Historisches Edelopal – Vorkommen, Klassisch: Slowakei. ExtraLapis, 10, 26. (in German)
- Semrád P. & Kováč J., 2000: Dubnícke opálové bane. Vydavateľstvo Michala Vaška, Prešov, 153 p. (in Slovak)
- Barok M. & Molnár J., 2001: Najkrajším slovenským drahokamom je opál. Minerál, 9, 4, 295-299. (in Slovak)
- Barok M. & Semrád P., 2001: Dubnícky opál - drahokam známy i neznámy. Karnat, Košice, 54 p. (in Slovak)
- Kotuľák P. & Baláž B., 2001: Dubnícky drahý opál – mýty a realita. Minerál, 9, 4, 303-306. (in Slovak)
- Rondeau, B., Fritsch, E., Guiraud, M. & Renac, CH. 2004: Opals from Slovakia („Hungarian“ opals): a re-assessment of the conditions of formation. Eur. J. Mineral., 16, 789-799.
- Constantitni L., 2005: Slovenský opál. Znovuobjavenie kráľovského drahokamu. Vivit, Kežmarok, 282 p. (in Slovak)
- Ďuďa R. & Pauliš P., 2006: Opály Slovenské a České republiky a možnosti jejich sběru. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 92 p. (in Slovak)
- Grolig D., 2006: Gold, Opal und Wein - Mineraliensammeln im Zemplén- und Slanské-Gebirge in Ungarn und der Slowakei. Mineralien-Welt, 17, 3, 52-62. (in German)
- Semrád P., 2011: The Story of European Precious Opal from Dubník. Granit, Praha, 216 p.
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