Ngari, Tibet, Chinai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Ngari | Prefecture |
| Tibet | Autonomous Region |
| China | Country |
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Neighbouring regions:
Type:
Mindat Locality ID:
154545
Long-form identifier:
1:2:154545:9
GUID (UUID V4):
30689bd0-1657-4dbb-9ab2-3df9df50e756
Other Languages:
French:
préfecture de Ngari, Tibet, Chine
German:
Ngari, Tibet, China
Italian:
Prefettura di Ngari, Tibet, Cina
Russian:
Нгари, Тибет, Китай
Simplified Chinese:
阿里地区, 藏区, 中国
Spanish:
Ngari, Tíbet, China
Tibetan (Standard):
མངའ་རིས་ས་གནས, བོད་ཡུལ།, རྒྱ་ནག
Basque:
Ngari prefektura, Tibet, Txina
Bengali:
ম্ঙ্গা'-রিস বিভাগ, তিব্বত, গণচীন
Cebuano:
Ngari Diqu, Tibet Autonomous Region, Tsina
Danish:
Ngari, Tibet, Kina
Dutch:
Ngari, Tibet, China
Finnish:
Ngarin prefektuuri, Tiibet, Kiina
Gan:
阿里地区, 西藏, 中國
Hakka:
Â-lî thi-khî, Sî-chhòng Chhṳ-chhṳ-khî, Chûng-fà
Hindi:
न्गारी विभाग, तिब्बत, चीन
Japanese:
ガリ地区, チベット, 中国
Korean:
아리 지구, 티베트, 중국
Lithuanian:
Ngari prefektūra, Tibetas, Kinija
Min Dong Chinese:
Ngari, Câung-kṳ̆, Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
Minnan / Hokkien-Taiwanese:
Ngari Tē-khu, Se-chōng, Tiong-hôa
Norwegian:
Ngari, Tibet, Kina
Occitan:
Ngari, Tibet, China
Polish:
Ngari, Tybet, Chiny
Portuguese:
Ngari, Tibete, China
Swedish:
Ngari, Tibet, Kina
Traditional Chinese:
阿里地區, 藏區, 中國
Turkish:
Ngari, Tibet, Çin
Urdu:
نگری پریفیکچر, تبت, چین
Vietnamese:
Ngari, Tây Tạng, Trung Quốc
Western Punjabi:
نگاری پریفیکچر, تبت, چین
Wu Chinese:
阿里地区, 西藏, 中国
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Rock Types Recorded
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Acanthite Formula: Ag2S Reference: Biaowu Xie, Jianping Qian, Deyang Huang, and Yuan Zhang (2012): Geology and Exploration 48(4), 807-814 |
| ⓘ Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799; Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Yuchuan Chen, Zhijun Li, Junlong Song, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, Wei Chen, and Hongxing Wang (2013): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 32(3), 305-317 |
| ⓘ Aegirine Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6 Reference: Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ 'Allanite Group' Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799 |
| ⓘ Alunite Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 Reference: WANG, Y., TANG, J., WANG, Q., DUAN, J., FANG, X., SUN, X. and YIN, X. (2014), The Mineralized Features and Prospecting Breakthrough of Southern Tiegelong Giant Epithermal Copper (Gold, Silver) Deposit, Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 802–803.; Song, Y., Yang, C., Wei, S., Yang, H., Fang, X., & Lu, H. (2018). Tectonic Control, Reconstruction and Preservation of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry and Epithermal Overprinting Cu (Au) Deposit, Central Tibet, China. Minerals, 8(9), 398. |
| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Localities: Reference: Guosheng Feng, Liugen Liao, Zhenhua Chen, and Zhilian Xiao (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(1/2), 267－272 |
| ⓘ Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O Reference: Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ Andalusite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Reference: Guosheng Feng, Liugen Liao, Zhenhua Chen, and Zhilian Xiao (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(1/2), 267－272 |
| ⓘ Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 Localities: Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ri'a Cu deposit, Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Nuocang skarn Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208 |
| ⓘ Anhydrite Formula: CaSO4 Localities: Reference: http://www.mineralmundi.com/zhacang-caka-10055381.htm |
| ⓘ Anorthite Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8) Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) Localities: Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Duobuza Cu-(Au) deposit (Dobuzha Cu-(Au) deposit), Duolong ore field, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Southern Tiegelong deposit, Duolong ore field, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Yulinshan, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799 |
| ⓘ Aphthitalite Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 Localities: Reference: Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612 |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Chang Xu (1985): Scientia Geologica Sinica 1(1), 87-96 |
| ⓘ Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ Augite Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Li Jinxiang, Qin Kezhang, Li Guangming, Xiao Bo, Zhang Tianping, and Lei Xiaoguang (2008): Mineral Deposits 28(2), 209-219 |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 Localities: Reference: Shengrong Li, Run Xiao, Su Zhou, Xuanxue Mo, Junfeng Shen, Baikun Yan, and Bo Liu (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(1), 1-14 |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799; Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Xiangping Zhu, Hua'an Chen, Dongfang Ma, Hanxiao Huang, Guangming Li, Chaoqiang Liu, and Lujie Wei (2012): Geoscience 26(4), 656-662
Yang, H., Tang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2022). The Preservation Mechanism of the Duolong Ore District in Northwest Tibet: Evidence from the Low Temperature Thermochronological Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 104766. |
| ⓘ Borax Formula: Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10 |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Li Jinxiang, Qin Kezhang, Li Guangming, Xiao Bo, Zhang Tianping, and Lei Xiaoguang (2008): Mineral Deposits 28(2), 209-219 |
| ⓘ Boulangerite Formula: Pb5Sb4S11 Reference: Xiaoping Fan, Ji Duo, Chunqi Wen, Jianci Guo, Xiancai Hu, Huiqiang Chen, and Xiaowen Li (2005): Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology 25(4), 33-36 |
| ⓘ Brucite Formula: Mg(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Guosheng Feng, Zhenhua Chen, Liugen Liao, and Yebin Xiao (2007): Geological Bulletin of China 26(8), 1041-1047 |
| ⓘ Calaverite Formula: AuTe2 Reference: Zhijun Li, Juxing Tang, Xiaofeng Yao, Ji Duo, Hongfei Liu, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Jinshu Zhang, and Zhenghua Hu (2011): Mineral Deposits 30(6), 1149-1153; Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 Localities: Reported from at least 18 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoping Fan, Ji Duo, Chunqi Wen, Jianci Guo, Xiancai Hu, Huiqiang Chen, and Xiaowen Li (2005): Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology 25(4), 33-36; Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite Formula: (Ca,Fe)CO3 Reference: Shengrong Li, Run Xiao, Su Zhou, Xuanxue Mo, Junfeng Shen, Baikun Yan, and Bo Liu (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(1), 1-14 |
| ⓘ Cerussite Formula: PbCO3 Reference: Jiang, J.; Gao, S.; Zheng, Y.; Lentz, D.R.; Huang, J.; Liu, J.; Tian, K.; Jiang, X. (2020) Geological, Geochemical, and Mineralogical Constraints on the Genesis of the Polymetallic Pb-Zn-Rich Nuocang Skarn Deposit, Western Gangdese, Tibet. Minerals 10, 839. |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Li Jinxiang, Qin Kezhang, Li Guangming, Xiao Bo, Zhang Tianping, and Lei Xiaoguang (2008): Mineral Deposits 28(2), 209-219 |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Xiangping Zhu, Hua'an Chen, Dongfang Ma, Hanxiao Huang, Guangming Li, Chaoqiang Liu, and Lujie Wei (2012): Geoscience 26(4), 656-662 |
| ⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 Reference: Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Yuchuan Chen, Zhijun Li, Junlong Song, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, Wei Chen, and Hongxing Wang (2013): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 32(3), 305-317 |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Localities: Reported from at least 31 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799; Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Xiangping Zhu, Hua'an Chen, Dongfang Ma, Hanxiao Huang, Guangming Li, Chaoqiang Liu, and Lujie Wei (2012): Geoscience 26(4), 656-662
Yang, H., Tang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2022). The Preservation Mechanism of the Duolong Ore District in Northwest Tibet: Evidence from the Low Temperature Thermochronological Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 104766. |
| ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)' Localities: Reference: Rendeng Shi, Jinsui Yang, Zhiqin Xu, and Xuexiang Qi (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32(5/6), 438-457 |
| ⓘ Chromite Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4 Localities: Reference: Fahui Xiong, Jingsui Yang, Zhao Liu, Guolin Guo, Songyong Chen, Xiangzhen Xu, Yuan Li, and Fei Liu (2013): Acta Petrologica Sinica 29(6), 1878-1908 |
| ⓘ Chrysocolla Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ 'Clays' Reference: Biaowu Xie, Jianping Qian, Deyang Huang, and Yuan Zhang (2012): Geology and Exploration 48(4), 807-814 |
| ⓘ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Localities: Reference: Yushuai Yu, Zhusen Yang, Yingchao Liu, Shihong Tian, Can Zhao, Yuan Gao, Xianhua Ji, Weizheng Hu, and Shenghua Cao (2012): Mineral Deposits 31(4), 775-790 |
| ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pycnochlorite Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Reference: Yushuai Yu, Zhusen Yang, Yingchao Liu, Shihong Tian, Can Zhao, Yuan Gao, Xianhua Ji, Weizheng Hu, and Shenghua Cao (2012): Mineral Deposits 31(4), 775-790 |
| ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite Formula: (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 Reference: Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Yuchuan Chen, Zhijun Li, Junlong Song, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, Wei Chen, and Hongxing Wang (2013): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 32(3), 305-317 |
| ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' Localities: Reference: Rendeng Shi, Jinsui Yang, Zhiqin Xu, and Xuexiang Qi (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32(5/6), 438-457 |
| ⓘ Colusite Formula: Cu13VAs3S16 Reference: WANG, Y., TANG, J., WANG, Q., DUAN, J., FANG, X., SUN, X. and YIN, X. (2014), The Mineralized Features and Prospecting Breakthrough of Southern Tiegelong Giant Epithermal Copper (Gold, Silver) Deposit, Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 802–803. |
| ⓘ Copper Formula: Cu Localities: Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Li Jinxiang, Qin Kezhang, Li Guangming, Xiao Bo, Zhang Tianping, and Lei Xiaoguang (2008): Mineral Deposits 28(2), 209-219 |
| ⓘ Cordierite Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) Reference: Jiang, J.; Gao, S.; Zheng, Y.; Lentz, D.R.; Huang, J.; Liu, J.; Tian, K.; Jiang, X. (2020) Geological, Geochemical, and Mineralogical Constraints on the Genesis of the Polymetallic Pb-Zn-Rich Nuocang Skarn Deposit, Western Gangdese, Tibet. Minerals 10, 839. |
| ⓘ Corundum Formula: Al2O3 Reference: Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208 |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229; Lamei Li, Yuling Xie, Zhusen Yang, and Shangguo Zhou (2009): Geology and Exploration 45(5), 502-508 |
| ⓘ 'Crossite' Reference: Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C.E., Murphy, M., Harrison, T.M., Spurlin, M., Lin, D., Xiguang, D., and Cunming, W. (2000): Geology 28(1), 19-22. |
| ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O Localities: Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Li Jinxiang, Qin Kezhang, Li Guangming, Xiao Bo, Zhang Tianping, and Lei Xiaoguang (2008): Mineral Deposits 28(2), 209-219 |
| ⓘ Cuproauride ? Formula: Cu3Au Description: From the context of the paper, it is not entirely sure whether copper-gold minerals in general or cuproauride specifically are meant (while 铜金矿 is cuproauride, it also literally translates to copper-gold mineral). Reference: Zhijun Li, Juxing Tang, Xiaofeng Yao, Ji Duo, Hongfei Liu, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Jinshu Zhang, and Zhenghua Hu (2011): Mineral Deposits 30(6), 1149-1153 |
| ⓘ Diamond Formula: C Reference: Jingsui Yang, Zhongming Zhang, Xiangzhen Xu, Yuan Li, Jinyang Li, Yi Jia, hao Liu, and Dengzhu Ba (2010): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2010. |
| ⓘ Dickite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Reference: WANG, Y., TANG, J., WANG, Q., DUAN, J., FANG, X., SUN, X. and YIN, X. (2014), The Mineralized Features and Prospecting Breakthrough of Southern Tiegelong Giant Epithermal Copper (Gold, Silver) Deposit, Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 802–803.; Song, Y., Yang, C., Wei, S., Yang, H., Fang, X., & Lu, H. (2018). Tectonic Control, Reconstruction and Preservation of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry and Epithermal Overprinting Cu (Au) Deposit, Central Tibet, China. Minerals, 8(9), 398.
Yang, H., Tang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2022). The Preservation Mechanism of the Duolong Ore District in Northwest Tibet: Evidence from the Low Temperature Thermochronological Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 104766. |
| ⓘ Digenite Formula: Cu9S5 Localities: Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Lejun Wei, Mianping Zheng, Keqin Cai, and Wensheng Ge (2002): Earth Science Frontiers 9(1), 129-135 |
| ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 Localities: Reference: Shengrong Li, Run Xiao, Su Zhou, Xuanxue Mo, Junfeng Shen, Baikun Yan, and Bo Liu (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(1), 1-14 |
| ⓘ Enargite Formula: Cu3AsS4 Reference: WANG, Y., TANG, J., WANG, Q., DUAN, J., FANG, X., SUN, X. and YIN, X. (2014), The Mineralized Features and Prospecting Breakthrough of Southern Tiegelong Giant Epithermal Copper (Gold, Silver) Deposit, Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 802–803.; Song, Y., Yang, C., Wei, S., Yang, H., Fang, X., & Lu, H. (2018). Tectonic Control, Reconstruction and Preservation of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry and Epithermal Overprinting Cu (Au) Deposit, Central Tibet, China. Minerals, 8(9), 398.
Yang, H., Tang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2022). The Preservation Mechanism of the Duolong Ore District in Northwest Tibet: Evidence from the Low Temperature Thermochronological Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 104766. |
| ⓘ Enstatite Formula: Mg2Si2O6 Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. Reference: Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C.E., Murphy, M., Harrison, T.M., Spurlin, M., Lin, D., Xiguang, D., and Cunming, W. (2000): Geology 28(1), 19-22. |
| ⓘ Epsomite Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O Reference: Mianping Zheng and Xifang Liu (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 84(11), 1585-1600 |
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' Localities: Dong lake ophiolite (Dong Co ophiolite; Tontso ophiolite), Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Jiangyema Cr deposit, Burang ophiolite, Burang Co. (Purang Co.; Pulan Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' Localities: Reference: Chang Xu (1985): Scientia Geologica Sinica 1(1), 87-96 |
| ⓘ Ferro-glaucophane Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 Reference: Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C.E., Murphy, M., Harrison, T.M., Spurlin, M., Lin, D., Xiguang, D., and Cunming, W. (2000): Geology 28(1), 19-22. |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 Localities: Reference: Biaowu Xie, Jianping Qian, Deyang Huang, and Yuan Zhang (2012): Geology and Exploration 48(4), 807-814 |
| ⓘ Forsterite Formula: Mg2SiO4 Localities: Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. Reference: Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 Localities: Reference: Kaijun Zhang, Jianxin Cai, Yuxiu Zhang, and Taiping Zhao (2006): Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245(3/4), 722-729. |
| ⓘ Gaylussite Formula: Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O Localities: Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10 |
| ⓘ Geerite Formula: Cu8S5 Reference: YANG, C., TANG, J., WANG, Y., YANG, H., WANG, Q., DING, S. and FANG, X. (2014), Minerals, Alteration and Fluid Basic Researchonthe First High Sulfidation Epithermal-Porphyry Cu (Au) Deposit (Southern Tiegelong Deposit) in Tibet, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 817–819. |
| ⓘ 'Glass' Reference: Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ Glaucophane Formula: ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 Localities: Reference: Kapp, P., Yin, A., Manning, C.E., Murphy, M., Harrison, T.M., Spurlin, M., Lin, D., Xiguang, D., and Cunming, W. (2000): Geology 28(1), 19-22. |
| ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) Localities: Mayum Au deposit (Mayoum Au deposit; Mayoumu Au deposit), Burang Co. (Purang Co.; Pulan Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Fuye Fe deposit, Rutog Co. (Ritu Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Yan Sun, Chunqi Wen, Ji Duo, and Yan Huo (2008): Geology and Prospecting 52(5) |
| ⓘ Gold Formula: Au Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoping Fan, Ji Duo, Chunqi Wen, Jianci Guo, Xiancai Hu, Huiqiang Chen, and Xiaowen Li (2005): Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology 25(4), 33-36; Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ Gold var. Electrum Formula: (Au,Ag) Localities: Reference: Xiaoping Fan, Ji Duo, Chunqi Wen, Jianci Guo, Xiancai Hu, Huiqiang Chen, and Xiaowen Li (2005): Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology 25(4), 33-36; Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ Goyazite Formula: SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 Reference: YANG, C., TANG, J., WANG, Y., YANG, H., WANG, Q., DING, S. and FANG, X. (2014), Minerals, Alteration and Fluid Basic Researchonthe First High Sulfidation Epithermal-Porphyry Cu (Au) Deposit (Southern Tiegelong Deposit) in Tibet, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 817–819. |
| ⓘ Grossular Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 Localities: Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ri'a Cu deposit, Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Nuocang skarn Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208 |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Localities: Chagcam Caka (Zhacang Chaka), Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Duobuza Cu-(Au) deposit (Dobuzha Cu-(Au) deposit), Duolong ore field, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Nie'er Co (Nier Tso; Nyer Co), Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Gomo Co (Gomo Caka; Gomo Tso; Gemu Cuo; Gemu Chaka), Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Duolong ore field, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Yu, G., Harrison, S.P., and Xue, B. (2001): MPI-BGC Technology Report No. 4, pp. 191-195 |
| ⓘ Halite Formula: NaCl Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Xiyu Zheng (1994): Journal of Lake Sciences 6(3), 267-275; Yu, G., Harrison, S.P., and Xue, B. (2001): MPI-BGC Technology Report No. 4, pp. 191-195; Zheng Xiyu (1984): Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2(2), 218-226; Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612 |
| ⓘ Hedenbergite Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6 Reference: Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208 |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Li Jinxiang, Qin Kezhang, Li Guangming, Xiao Bo, Zhang Tianping, and Lei Xiaoguang (2008): Mineral Deposits 28(2), 209-219 |
| ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite Formula: Fe2O3 Localities: Reference: Zhijun Li, Juxing Tang, Xiaofeng Yao, Ji Duo, Hongfei Liu, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Jinshu Zhang, and Zhenghua Hu (2011): Mineral Deposits 30(6), 1149-1153; Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600; Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Yuchuan Chen, Zhijun Li, Junlong Song, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, Wei Chen, and Hongxing Wang (2013): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 32(3), 305-317 |
| ⓘ Hessite Formula: Ag2Te Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ 'Hornblende' Localities: Pianshishan, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Kaijun Zhang, Jianxin Cai, Yuxiu Zhang, and Taiping Zhao (2006): Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245(3/4), 722-729. |
| ⓘ Humite Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3F2 Reference: Yushuai Yu, Zhusen Yang, Yingchao Liu, Shihong Tian, Can Zhao, Yuan Gao, Xianhua Ji, Weizheng Hu, and Shenghua Cao (2012): Mineral Deposits 31(4), 775-790 |
| ⓘ Hydroglauberite Formula: Na10Ca3(SO4)8 · 6H2O Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Mianping Zheng and Xifang Liu (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 84(11), 1585-1600 |
| ⓘ Hydrohalite Formula: NaCl · 2H2O Reference: Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10 |
| ⓘ Hydromagnesite Formula: Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10 |
| ⓘ 'Hydromuscovite' Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414 |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 Reference: Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208 |
| ⓘ Ilvaite Formula: CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) Localities: Reference: Guosheng Feng, Liugen Liao, Zhenhua Chen, and Zhilian Xiao (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(1/2), 267－272 |
| ⓘ Inderite Formula: MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Mianping Zheng and Wengao Liu (1982): Geological Review 28(3), 263-266; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Xiyu Zheng (1994): Journal of Lake Sciences 6(3), 267-275; Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612; Mianping Zheng and Xifang Liu (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 84(11), 1585-1600 |
| ⓘ Inyoite Formula: Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10 |
| ⓘ Jamesonite Formula: Pb4FeSb6S14 Reference: Yan Sun, Chunqi Wen, Ji Duo, and Yan Huo (2008): Geology and Prospecting 52(5) |
| ⓘ Jarosite Formula: KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 Reference: Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ Kaolinite Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region. Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' Formula: KAlSi3O8 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799; Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Xiangping Zhu, Hua'an Chen, Dongfang Ma, Hanxiao Huang, Guangming Li, Chaoqiang Liu, and Lujie Wei (2012): Geoscience 26(4), 656-662
Yang, H., Tang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2022). The Preservation Mechanism of the Duolong Ore District in Northwest Tibet: Evidence from the Low Temperature Thermochronological Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 104766. |
| ⓘ Kurgantaite Formula: CaSr[B5O9]Cl · H2O Reference: Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy |
| ⓘ Kurnakovite Formula: MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O Localities: Chagcam Caka (Zhacang Chaka), Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Nie'er Co (Nier Tso; Nyer Co), Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Jibu Caka (Jibu Chaka), Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Chalaka, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Qag Caka (Qia Chaka), Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Mianping Zheng and Wengao Liu (1982): Geological Review 28(3), 263-266; Zheng Xiyu (1984): Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2(2), 218-226; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Xiyu Zheng (1994): Journal of Lake Sciences 6(3), 267-275; Qingzhong Wang, Yingkai Xiao, Chonggeng Zhang, Haizhen Wei, and Zhiqi Zhao (2001): Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry 20(4), 344-366; Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612; Mianping Zheng and Xifang Liu (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 84(11), 1585-1600 |
| ⓘ Lautite Formula: CuAsS Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ Lepidocrocite Formula: γ-Fe3+O(OH) Reference: Guosheng Feng, Zhenhua Chen, Liugen Liao, and Yebin Xiao (2007): Geological Bulletin of China 26(8), 1041-1047 |
| ⓘ Leucite Formula: K(AlSi2O6) Reference: Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region. Reference: Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ Maghemite Formula: (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 Reference: Yushuai Yu, Zhusen Yang, Yuan Gao, Yingchao Liu, Shihong Tian, and Xianhua Ji (2013): Geology and Exploration 49(5), 897-906 |
| ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite Formula: ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 Reference: Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 Localities: Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Chang Xu (1985): Scientia Geologica Sinica 1(1), 87-96; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Xiyu Zheng (1994): Journal of Lake Sciences 6(3), 267-275 |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region. Reference: Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208; Huang Jiancun and Xiong Caiyun (2006): Journal of East China Institute of Technology 8(z1), 159-162. |
| ⓘ Magnetite var. Mushketovite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 Localities: Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. Reference: Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Li Jinxiang, Qin Kezhang, Li Guangming, Xiao Bo, Zhang Tianping, and Lei Xiaoguang (2008): Mineral Deposits 28(2), 209-219 |
| ⓘ Manganite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) Reference: Guosheng Feng, Liugen Liao, Zhenhua Chen, and Zhilian Xiao (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(1/2), 267－272 |
| ⓘ Millerite Formula: NiS Locality: Jiangyema Cr deposit, Burang ophiolite, Burang Co. (Purang Co.; Pulan Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Yijun Lei, Gueicheng Huang, Deming Xu, and Lijuan Li (2006): Geology And Mineral Resources of South China 2006(3), 55-60 |
| ⓘ Mirabilite Formula: Na2SO4 · 10H2O Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Mianping Zheng and Wengao Liu (1982): Geological Review 28(3), 263-266; Zheng Xiyu (1984): Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2(2), 218-226; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Yu, G., Harrison, S.P., and Xue, B. (2001): MPI-BGC Technology Report No. 4, pp. 191-195; Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612 |
| ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799; Zhijun Li, Juxing Tang, Xiaofeng Yao, Ji Duo, Hongfei Liu, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Jinshu Zhang, and Zhenghua Hu (2011): Mineral Deposits 30(6), 1149-1153; Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600; Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Yuchuan Chen, Zhijun Li, Junlong Song, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, Wei Chen, and Hongxing Wang (2013): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 32(3), 305-317 |
| ⓘ 'Monazite' Formula: REE(PO4) Reference: Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208 |
| ⓘ Montmorillonite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O Localities: Chagbo Co (Chagbo Tso; Chabo Cuo), Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Chagcam Caka (Zhacang Chaka), Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Mali Co (Ni Co; Mani Cuo; Ni Cuo), Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China A'ong Co (A'ong Tso; Aweng Cuo), Rutog Co. (Ritu Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China ? (more information) Reference: Chang Xu (1985): Scientia Geologica Sinica 1(1), 87-96 |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 30 localities in this region. Reference: Li Cai, Zhai Qingguo, Dong Yongsheng, and Huang Xiaopeng (2006): Chinese Science Bulletin 51(9), 1095-1100. |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite Formula: K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 Reference: Hua Chen, Xiaoming Qu, Hongbo Xin, and Junhua Jiang (2010): Mineral Deposits 29(6), 1029-1042 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Reference: Chang Xu (1985): Scientia Geologica Sinica 1(1), 87-96 |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite Formula: KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 Reference: Kaijun Zhang, Jianxin Cai, Yuxiu Zhang, and Taiping Zhao (2006): Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245(3/4), 722-729. |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoping Fan, Ji Duo, Chunqi Wen, Jianci Guo, Xiancai Hu, Huiqiang Chen, and Xiaowen Li (2005): Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology 25(4), 33-36; Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ Nepheline Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16) Reference: Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ Nosean Formula: Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O Reference: Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ 'Olivine Group' Formula: M2SiO4 Localities: Reference: Wu, Yong, Ming-Kuan Qin, Cai Zhang, Guo-Lin Guo, Dong-Fa Guo, Fei Liu, Wei-Wei Wu, and Jing-Sui Yang. (2022) "SIMS Zircon U-Pb Ages and O Isotope Compositions of Gabbro from the Laguoco Ophiolite from Western Shiquanhe–Yonzhu Suture Zone (Tibet) and Their Geological Significance" Minerals 12, no. 10: 1184. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12101184 |
| ⓘ Omphacite Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 Reference: Kaijun Zhang, Jianxin Cai, Yuxiu Zhang, and Taiping Zhao (2006): Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245(3/4), 722-729. |
| ⓘ Pentlandite Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8 Locality: Jiangyema Cr deposit, Burang ophiolite, Burang Co. (Purang Co.; Pulan Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Yijun Lei, Gueicheng Huang, Deming Xu, and Lijuan Li (2006): Geology And Mineral Resources of South China 2006(3), 55-60 |
| ⓘ Perovskite Formula: CaTiO3 Reference: Hua Chen, Xiaoming Qu, Hongbo Xin, and Junhua Jiang (2010): Mineral Deposits 29(6), 1029-1042 |
| ⓘ Petzite Formula: Ag3AuTe2 Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Ri'a Cu deposit, Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Gunjiu Fe deposit, Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Hongbo Xin and Xiaoming Qu (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(4), 477-482; Yushuai Yu, Zhusen Yang, Yingchao Liu, Shihong Tian, Can Zhao, Yuan Gao, Xianhua Ji, Weizheng Hu, and Shenghua Cao (2012): Mineral Deposits 31(4), 775-790 |
| ⓘ Picromerite Formula: K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O Reference: Mianping Zheng and Xifang Liu (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 84(11), 1585-1600 |
| ⓘ Pinnoite Formula: Mg[B2O(OH)6] Localities: Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Mianping Zheng and Wengao Liu (1982): Geological Review 28(3), 263-266; Zheng Xiyu (1984): Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2(2), 218-226; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Xiyu Zheng (1994): Journal of Lake Sciences 6(3), 267-275; Qingzhong Wang, Yingkai Xiao, Chonggeng Zhang, Haizhen Wei, and Zhiqi Zhao (2001): Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry 20(4), 344-366; Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612 |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 Localities: Pianshishan, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Gunjiu Fe deposit, Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Nuocang skarn Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Laguoco Tso ophiolite, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Kaijun Zhang, Jianxin Cai, Yuxiu Zhang, and Taiping Zhao (2006): Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245(3/4), 722-729. |
| ⓘ Polybasite Formula: [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] Reference: Xiaoping Fan, Ji Duo, Chunqi Wen, Jianci Guo, Xiancai Hu, Huiqiang Chen, and Xiaowen Li (2005): Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology 25(4), 33-36 |
| ⓘ Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 Reference: Guosheng Feng, Zhenhua Chen, Liugen Liao, and Yebin Xiao (2007): Geological Bulletin of China 26(8), 1041-1047 |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 13 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799; Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, Kezhang Qin, Tianping Zhang, and Bo Xiao (2006): Mineral Deposits 25(suppl.), 411-414; Xiangping Zhu, Hua'an Chen, Dongfang Ma, Hanxiao Huang, Guangming Li, Chaoqiang Liu, and Lujie Wei (2012): Geoscience 26(4), 656-662
Yang, H., Tang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2022). The Preservation Mechanism of the Duolong Ore District in Northwest Tibet: Evidence from the Low Temperature Thermochronological Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 104766. |
| ⓘ Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 Reference: Guosheng Feng, Liugen Liao, Zhenhua Chen, and Zhilian Xiao (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(1/2), 267－272 |
| ⓘ Pyrophyllite Formula: Al2Si4O10(OH)2 Reference: Song, Y., Yang, C., Wei, S., Yang, H., Fang, X., & Lu, H. (2018). Tectonic Control, Reconstruction and Preservation of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry and Epithermal Overprinting Cu (Au) Deposit, Central Tibet, China. Minerals, 8(9), 398. |
| ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group' Formula: ADSi2O6 Localities: Reference: Jiang, J.; Gao, S.; Zheng, Y.; Lentz, D.R.; Huang, J.; Liu, J.; Tian, K.; Jiang, X. (2020) Geological, Geochemical, and Mineralogical Constraints on the Genesis of the Polymetallic Pb-Zn-Rich Nuocang Skarn Deposit, Western Gangdese, Tibet. Minerals 10, 839. |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Localities: Reference: Shengrong Li, Run Xiao, Su Zhou, Xuanxue Mo, Junfeng Shen, Baikun Yan, and Bo Liu (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(1), 1-14 |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 22 localities in this region. Reference: Xiaoping Fan, Ji Duo, Chunqi Wen, Jianci Guo, Xiancai Hu, Huiqiang Chen, and Xiaowen Li (2005): Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology 25(4), 33-36; Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Kaijun Zhang, Jianxin Cai, Yuxiu Zhang, and Taiping Zhao (2006): Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245(3/4), 722-729. |
| ⓘ Sanidine Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Reference: Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) Localities: Reference: Shengrong Li, Run Xiao, Su Zhou, Xuanxue Mo, Junfeng Shen, Baikun Yan, and Bo Liu (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(1), 1-14 |
| ⓘ Sepiolite ? Formula: Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O Reference: Chang Xu (1985): Scientia Geologica Sinica 1(1), 87-96 |
| ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Bao Peisheng, Xiao Xuchang, Su Li, and Wang Jun (2007): Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(5), 660-671. |
| ⓘ Siderite Formula: FeCO3 Localities: Reference: Hua Chen, Xiaoming Qu, Hongbo Xin, and Junhua Jiang (2010): Mineral Deposits 29(6), 1029-1042 |
| ⓘ Sillimanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O Reference: Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Yuchuan Chen, Zhijun Li, Junlong Song, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, Wei Chen, and Hongxing Wang (2013): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 32(3), 305-317 |
| ⓘ Silver Formula: Ag Localities: Reference: Yan Sun, Chunqi Wen, Ji Duo, and Yan Huo (2008): Geology and Prospecting 52(5) |
| ⓘ Sodalite Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl Reference: Ding, L., Kapp, P., Zhong, D., & Deng, W. (2003). Cenozoic volcanism in Tibet: evidence for a transition from oceanic to continental subduction. Journal of Petrology, 44(10), 1833-1865.
Guo, Z., Wilson, M., Liu, J., & Mao, Q. (2006). Post-collisional, potassic and ultrapotassic magmatism of the northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints on characteristics of the mantle source, geodynamic setting and uplift mechanisms. Journal of Petrology, 47(6), 1177-1220. |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Shengrong Li, Run Xiao, Su Zhou, Xuanxue Mo, Junfeng Shen, Baikun Yan, and Bo Liu (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(1), 1-14 |
| ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 Localities: Bangong Lake ophiolite (Bangong Co ophiolite), Rutog Co. (Ritu Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Dong lake ophiolite (Dong Co ophiolite; Tontso ophiolite), Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Jiangyema Cr deposit, Burang ophiolite, Burang Co. (Purang Co.; Pulan Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Rendeng Shi, Jinsui Yang, Zhiqin Xu, and Xuexiang Qi (2007): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 32(5/6), 438-457 |
| ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste Formula: (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 Reference: Zhi Zhang, Yuchuan Chen, Juxing Tang, Lin He, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, Hongxing Wang, and Junlong Song (2013): Mineral Deposits 32(5), 915-931 |
| ⓘ Spionkopite Formula: Cu39S28 Reference: YANG, C., TANG, J., WANG, Y., YANG, H., WANG, Q., DING, S. and FANG, X. (2014), Minerals, Alteration and Fluid Basic Researchonthe First High Sulfidation Epithermal-Porphyry Cu (Au) Deposit (Southern Tiegelong Deposit) in Tibet, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 817–819. |
| ⓘ Stibnite Formula: Sb2S3 Localities: Reference: Sihong Jiang, Fengjun Nie, and Yifei Liu (2008): Mineral Deposits 27(2), 220-229 |
| ⓘ Syngenite Formula: K2Ca(SO4)2 · H2O Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76 |
| ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Reference: Hua Chen, Xiaoming Qu, Hongbo Xin, and Junhua Jiang (2010): Mineral Deposits 29(6), 1029-1042 |
| ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S Reference: WANG, Y., TANG, J., WANG, Q., DUAN, J., FANG, X., SUN, X. and YIN, X. (2014), The Mineralized Features and Prospecting Breakthrough of Southern Tiegelong Giant Epithermal Copper (Gold, Silver) Deposit, Tibet. Acta Geologica Sinica, 88: 802–803.; Song, Y., Yang, C., Wei, S., Yang, H., Fang, X., & Lu, H. (2018). Tectonic Control, Reconstruction and Preservation of the Tiegelongnan Porphyry and Epithermal Overprinting Cu (Au) Deposit, Central Tibet, China. Minerals, 8(9), 398.
Yang, H., Tang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2022). The Preservation Mechanism of the Duolong Ore District in Northwest Tibet: Evidence from the Low Temperature Thermochronological Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 104766. |
| ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S Reference: Xiaoping Fan, Ji Duo, Chunqi Wen, Jianci Guo, Xiancai Hu, Huiqiang Chen, and Xiaowen Li (2005): Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology 25(4), 33-36 |
| ⓘ Thénardite Formula: Na2SO4 Localities: Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612 |
| ⓘ Tincalconite Formula: Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O Localities: Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10 |
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Localities: Pianshishan, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Yulinshan, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Kaijun Zhang, Jianxin Cai, Yuxiu Zhang, and Taiping Zhao (2006): Earth and Planetary Science Letters 245(3/4), 722-729. |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z Reference: Shengrong Li, Run Xiao, Su Zhou, Xuanxue Mo, Junfeng Shen, Baikun Yan, and Bo Liu (2005): Mineral Deposits 24(1), 1-14 |
| ⓘ Tremolite Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 Localities: Muzhiding Fe deposit (Nixiong Fe deposit; Nyixung Fe deposit), Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Gunjiu Fe deposit, Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ri'a Cu deposit, Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Weizheng Hu, Xiaowen Huang, and Jinming Jiang (2006): Resources Survey and Environment 27(3), 200-208 |
| ⓘ Ulexite Formula: NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region. Reference: Xiyu Zheng and Shengsong Yu (1981): Scientia Geographica Sinica 1(1), 66-76; Mianping Zheng and Wengao Liu (1982): Geological Review 28(3), 263-266; Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10; Xiyu Zheng (1994): Journal of Lake Sciences 6(3), 267-275; Qingzhong Wang, Yingkai Xiao, Chonggeng Zhang, Haizhen Wei, and Zhiqi Zhao (2001): Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry 20(4), 344-366 |
| ⓘ Vesuvianite Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 Localities: Reference: Guosheng Feng, Zhenhua Chen, Liugen Liao, and Yebin Xiao (2007): Geological Bulletin of China 26(8), 1041-1047 |
| ⓘ 'Wolframite Group' Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600 |
| ⓘ Wollastonite Formula: Ca3(Si3O9) Localities: Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Gunjiu Fe deposit, Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field), Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Nuocang skarn Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Zhenghua Hu, Feng Ding, Juxing Tang, Zhijun Li, Xiaofeng Yao, Shilin Deng, Zhi Zhang, Yiyun Wang, Hongxing Wang, Junlong Song, and Wei Chen (2012): Acta Geoscientica Sinica 33(4), 588-600; Zhi Zhang, Juxing Tang, Yuchuan Chen, Zhijun Li, Junlong Song, Xiaofeng Yao, Yi Yang, Zhenghua Hu, Wei Chen, and Hongxing Wang (2013): Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 32(3), 305-317 |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) Localities: Duobuza Cu-(Au) deposit (Dobuzha Cu-(Au) deposit), Duolong ore field, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Ga'erqiong Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Naruo deposit, Duolong ore field, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Southern Tiegelong deposit, Duolong ore field, Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Galale Cu-Au deposit, Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.), Ngari, Tibet, China Reference: Xiaoming Qu and Hongbo Xin (2006): Geological Bulletin of China 25(7), 792-799
Yang, H., Tang, J., Song, Y., Wang, Q., & Liu, Z. (2022). The Preservation Mechanism of the Duolong Ore District in Northwest Tibet: Evidence from the Low Temperature Thermochronological Study. Ore Geology Reviews, 104766. |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Copper | 1.AA.05 | Cu |
| ⓘ | Cuproauride ? | 1.AA.10a | Cu3Au |
| ⓘ | Diamond | 1.CB.10a | C |
| ⓘ | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
| ⓘ | var. Electrum | 1.AA.05 | (Au,Ag) |
| ⓘ | Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Acanthite | 2.BA.35 | Ag2S |
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Boulangerite | 2.HC.15 | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| ⓘ | Calaverite | 2.EA.10 | AuTe2 |
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Colusite | 2.CB.30 | Cu13VAs3S16 |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Digenite | 2.BA.10 | Cu9S5 |
| ⓘ | Enargite | 2.KA.05 | Cu3AsS4 |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Geerite | 2.BA.05 | Cu8S5 |
| ⓘ | Hessite | 2.BA.60 | Ag2Te |
| ⓘ | Jamesonite | 2.HB.15 | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| ⓘ | Lautite | 2.CB.40 | CuAsS |
| ⓘ | Millerite | 2.CC.20 | NiS |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pentlandite | 2.BB.15 | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| ⓘ | Petzite | 2.BA.75 | Ag3AuTe2 |
| ⓘ | Polybasite | 2.GB.15 | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Spionkopite | 2.CA.05c | Cu39S28 |
| ⓘ | Stibnite | 2.DB.05 | Sb2S3 |
| ⓘ | 'Tennantite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| ⓘ | Halite | 3.AA.20 | NaCl |
| ⓘ | Hydrohalite | 3.BA.05 | NaCl · 2H2O |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Chromite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Corundum | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
| ⓘ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | var. Specularite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Lepidocrocite | 4.FE.15 | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Maghemite | 4.BB.15 | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | var. Mushketovite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Manganite | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Perovskite | 4.CC.30 | CaTiO3 |
| ⓘ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | var. Pleonaste | 4.BB.05 | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| ⓘ | 'Wolframite Group' | 4.DB.30 va | |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | var. Iron-bearing Calcite | 5.AB.05 | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| ⓘ | Cerussite | 5.AB.15 | PbCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Gaylussite | 5.CB.35 | Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Hydromagnesite | 5.DA.05 | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Borax | 6.DA.10 | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Inderite | 6.CA.15 | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Inyoite | 6.CA.35 | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Kurgantaite | 6.ED.05 | CaSr[B5O9]Cl · H2O |
| ⓘ | Kurnakovite | 6.CA.20 | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Pinnoite | 6.BB.05 | Mg[B2O(OH)6] |
| ⓘ | Tincalconite | 6.DA.15 | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Ulexite | 6.EA.25 | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Alunite | 7.BC.10 | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Anhydrite | 7.AD.30 | CaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Aphthitalite | 7.AC.35 | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Epsomite | 7.CB.40 | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Hydroglauberite | 7.CD.20 | Na10Ca3(SO4)8 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Jarosite | 7.BC.10 | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Mirabilite | 7.CD.10 | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| ⓘ | Picromerite | 7.CC.60 | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
| ⓘ | Syngenite | 7.CD.35 | K2Ca(SO4)2 · H2O |
| ⓘ | Thénardite | 7.AD.25 | Na2SO4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Goyazite | 8.BL.10 | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Analcime | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Anorthite | 9.FA.35 | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Bytownite | 9.FA.35 | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Augite | 9.DA.15 | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Chamosite var. Brunsvigite | 9.EC.55 | (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | var. Pycnochlorite | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | var. Ripidolite | 9.EC.55 | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| ⓘ | 'Crossite' | 9.DE.20 | |
| ⓘ | Dickite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Enstatite | 9.DA.05 | Mg2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Ferro-glaucophane | 9.DE.25 | ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Glaucophane | 9.DE.25 | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Hedenbergite | 9.DA.15 | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Humite | 9.AF.50 | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3F2 |
| ⓘ | Ilvaite | 9.BE.07 | CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Leucite | 9.GB.05 | K(AlSi2O6) |
| ⓘ | Magnesio-hornblende | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Magnesio-riebeckite | 9.DE.25 | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Fuchsite | 9.EC.15 | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Illite | 9.EC.15 | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Phengite | 9.EC.15 | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Nepheline | 9.FA.05 | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| ⓘ | Nosean | 9.FB.10 | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Omphacite | 9.DA.20 | (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(AleFe3+fFe2+gMgh)Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrophyllite | 9.EC.10 | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Sanidine | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Sepiolite ? | 9.EE.25 | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Sillimanite | 9.AF.05 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Sodalite | 9.FB.10 | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| ⓘ | Talc | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Tremolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Vesuvianite | 9.BG.35 | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| ⓘ | Wollastonite | 9.DG.05 | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc. | |||
| ⓘ | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Clays' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Glass' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Hydromuscovite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Olivine Group' | - | M2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Hydrohalite | NaCl · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pinnoite | Mg[B2O(OH)6] |
| H | ⓘ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Kurgantaite | CaSr[B5O9]Cl · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Inyoite | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Borax | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Kurnakovite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| H | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pycnochlorite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Hydroglauberite | Na10Ca3(SO4)8 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Syngenite | K2Ca(SO4)2 · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Pinnoite | Mg[B2O(OH)6] |
| B | ⓘ Kurgantaite | CaSr[B5O9]Cl · H2O |
| B | ⓘ Inyoite | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| B | ⓘ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| B | ⓘ Borax | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| B | ⓘ Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| B | ⓘ Kurnakovite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| B | ⓘ Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Diamond | C |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| C | ⓘ Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O |
| C | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Hydrohalite | NaCl · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pinnoite | Mg[B2O(OH)6] |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Kurgantaite | CaSr[B5O9]Cl · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Inyoite | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Borax | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Omphacite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Kurnakovite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| O | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite var. Mushketovite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3F2 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pycnochlorite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
| O | ⓘ Aphthitalite | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
| O | ⓘ Hydroglauberite | Na10Ca3(SO4)8 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Syngenite | K2Ca(SO4)2 · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| O | ⓘ Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| O | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| O | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
| O | ⓘ Olivine Group | M2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3F2 |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Hydrohalite | NaCl · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
| Na | ⓘ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Borax | Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Tincalconite | Na2(B4O7) · 5H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Omphacite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Na | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
| Na | ⓘ Aphthitalite | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Hydroglauberite | Na10Ca3(SO4)8 · 6H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Na | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Pinnoite | Mg[B2O(OH)6] |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Omphacite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Kurnakovite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Inderite | MgB3O3(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Mg | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3F2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pycnochlorite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Omphacite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Al | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Corundum | Al2O3 |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pycnochlorite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Al | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Al | ⓘ Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Mg3Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Omphacite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Si | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3F2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Pycnochlorite | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Dickite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| Si | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
| Si | ⓘ Olivine Group | M2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| P | ⓘ Monazite | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| S | ⓘ Mirabilite | Na2SO4 · 10H2O |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| S | ⓘ Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| S | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| S | ⓘ Lautite | CuAsS |
| S | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
| S | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
| S | ⓘ Aphthitalite | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
| S | ⓘ Hydroglauberite | Na10Ca3(SO4)8 · 6H2O |
| S | ⓘ Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| S | ⓘ Syngenite | K2Ca(SO4)2 · H2O |
| S | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| S | ⓘ Millerite | NiS |
| S | ⓘ Enargite | Cu3AsS4 |
| S | ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S |
| S | ⓘ Colusite | Cu13VAs3S16 |
| S | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| S | ⓘ Geerite | Cu8S5 |
| S | ⓘ Spionkopite | Cu39S28 |
| S | ⓘ Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Hydrohalite | NaCl · 2H2O |
| Cl | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
| Cl | ⓘ Kurgantaite | CaSr[B5O9]Cl · H2O |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite | K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| K | ⓘ K Feldspar | KAlSi3O8 |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Aphthitalite | (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 |
| K | ⓘ Syngenite | K2Ca(SO4)2 · H2O |
| K | ⓘ Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| K | ⓘ Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| K | ⓘ Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Kurgantaite | CaSr[B5O9]Cl · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| Ca | ⓘ Inyoite | Ca(H4B3O7)(OH) · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Ulexite | NaCa[B5O6(OH)6] · 5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Omphacite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite var. Bytownite | (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Ca | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Tremolite | ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| Ca | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende | ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroglauberite | Na10Ca3(SO4)8 · 6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Syngenite | K2Ca(SO4)2 · H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2 · 5H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Anorthite | Ca(Al2Si2O8) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Perovskite | CaTiO3 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Colusite | Cu13VAs3S16 |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Cr | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Ferro-glaucophane | ◻[Na2][Fe32+Al2]Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Omphacite | (NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(AleFef3+Feg2+Mgh)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Muscovite var. Phengite | KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5(Al0.5Si3.5O10)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jarosite | KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Calcite var. Iron-bearing Calcite | (Ca,Fe)CO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Lepidocrocite | γ-Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hedenbergite | CaFe2+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite var. Specularite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite var. Mushketovite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite | (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite | (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chromite | Fe2+Cr23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Humite | (Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3F2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnesio-riebeckite | ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Ni | ⓘ Millerite | NiS |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Copper | Cu |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| Cu | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Lautite | CuAsS |
| Cu | ⓘ Enargite | Cu3AsS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S |
| Cu | ⓘ Colusite | Cu13VAs3S16 |
| Cu | ⓘ Geerite | Cu8S5 |
| Cu | ⓘ Spionkopite | Cu39S28 |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuproauride | Cu3Au |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | ⓘ Lautite | CuAsS |
| As | ⓘ Enargite | Cu3AsS4 |
| As | ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S |
| As | ⓘ Colusite | Cu13VAs3S16 |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Kurgantaite | CaSr[B5O9]Cl · H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Goyazite | SrAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
| Ag | ⓘ Silver | Ag |
| Ag | ⓘ Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| Ag | ⓘ Hessite | Ag2Te |
| Ag | ⓘ Petzite | Ag3AuTe2 |
| Ag | ⓘ Acanthite | Ag2S |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| Sb | ⓘ Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Sb | ⓘ Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| Sb | ⓘ Polybasite | [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4] |
| Te | Tellurium | |
| Te | ⓘ Hessite | Ag2Te |
| Te | ⓘ Petzite | Ag3AuTe2 |
| Te | ⓘ Calaverite | AuTe2 |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| W | Tungsten | |
| W | ⓘ Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Gold | Au |
| Au | ⓘ Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
| Au | ⓘ Petzite | Ag3AuTe2 |
| Au | ⓘ Calaverite | AuTe2 |
| Au | ⓘ Cuproauride | Cu3Au |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| Pb | ⓘ Cerussite | PbCO3 |
Geochronology
Mineralization age: Oligocene : 30.8 ± 0.6 Ma to 28.9 ± 0.4 MaImportant note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.
| Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phanerozoic | |||||||||||||
| Cenozoic | |||||||||||||
| Paleogene | |||||||||||||
| Oligocene |
| ||||||||||||
Fossils
There are 49 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.
| Occurrences | 780 |
|---|---|
| Youngest Fossil Listed | 2.59 Ma (Pleistocene) |
| Oldest Fossil Listed | 433 Ma (Silurian) |
| Stratigraphic Units | Click here to view 26 stratigraphic units. |
| Fossils from Region | Click here to show the list. |
| Fossil Localities | Click to show 49 fossil localities |
- Tibet
- Ngari
- Middle Jurassic🐚 Bolin south
- Permian🐚 Chitichun No. 1 Block
- Middle Triassic🐚 Dogkwa Aur
- Cenozoic🐚 Guanjingtai
- Permian🐚 Gyanyima
- Phanerozoic🐚 Gyanyima Section
- Phanerozoic🐚 Kiunglung
- Middle Jurassic🐚 Longwanla
- Early/Lower Triassic🐚 Manzhongronggou
- Paleozoic🐚 Mayang 81KFA74-1
- Phanerozoic🐚 Shalshal Cliff
- Triassic🐚 southeast of Niti Pass
- Neogene🐚 Zanda
- Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.)
- Gar Co. (Ga'er Co.)
- Ngari
- Tibet
- Ngari
- Gar Co. (Ga'er Co.)
- Gê'gyai Co. (Geji Co.)
- Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.)
- Rutog Co. (Ritu Co.)
- Permian🐚 Amenggangri Section
- Permian🐚 Bangong Lake
- Early/Lower Cretaceous🐚 Caidagugou
- Early/Lower Cretaceous🐚 Domar
- Permian🐚 Dorton Shan
- Paleozoic🐚 Duoma District
- Cretaceous🐚 E Qiekan
- Paleozoic🐚 Lazhulong
- Early/Lower Cretaceous🐚 Liao 6
- Permian🐚 Mushirebuca
- Jurassic🐚 Rutog region
- Jurassic🐚 Songmuxi Lake
- Permian🐚 Tunlonggongba 76AR42
- Permian🐚 Tuotala Mountain section
- Ngari
Other Databases
| Wikipedia: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture |
|---|---|
| Wikidata ID: | Q577713 |
| GeoNames ID: | 1280456 |
Localities in this Region
- Tibet
- Ngari
- Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.)
- Dong Co (Dong Tso; Tontso)
- Dong lake ophiolite (Dong Co ophiolite; Tontso ophiolite)
- Duolong ore field
- Gangmacuo
- Gomo Co (Gomo Caka; Gomo Tso; Gemu Cuo; Gemu Chaka)
- Jakar Co (Jakar Tso; Xiaga Cuo)
- Jibu Caka (Jibu Chaka)
- Lagkor Co (Lagkor Tso; Laguo Cuo)
- Laguoco Tso ophiolite
- Pianshishan
- Tiegeshan Au deposit
- Wuma Co (Wuma Tso; Wuma Cuo)
- Yulinshan
- ⭔Rutog Co. (Ritu Co.)
- ⭔Zanda County
- Gêrzê Co. (Gaize Co.)
- Ngari
Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect
Asia
- HimalayasMountain Range
- Hindukush Himalayan RegionGroup of Mountain Ranges
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
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