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Toki Cu deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilei
Regional Level Types
Toki Cu deposit (Toki Cluster)Deposit
Chuquicamata DistrictMining District
CalamaMunicipality
El Loa ProvinceProvince
AntofagastaRegion
ChileCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
22° 25' 0'' South , 68° 56' 59'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-22.41667,-68.95000
GeoHash:
G#: 6knbrp0jk
GRN:
S15W46
Type:
Deposit
KΓΆppen climate type:
BWk : Cold desert climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Calama143,084 (2018)5.2km
Mindat Locality ID:
205947
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:205947:4
GUID (UUID V4):
4595374c-56b7-4217-9197-38678347dc54


The Toki cluster, which includes the Toki, Quetena and Genoveva prospects, is 15 km SSW of the Chuquicamata-Radomiro Tomic deposits, and about 5 km outside the city of Calama. The prospects occur in an area of 10 x 12 km and are completely covered by Neogene alluvial deposits.

Mineralization is associated to tonalite porphyries that intruded andesites and tonalites of the Fortuna–Los Picos Granodioritic Complex. Hypogene mineralization consists of areas of chalcopyrite-bornite with minor molybdenite centered on each prospect with mineralization grading outward to a chalcopyrite-pyrite zone and ultimately to a pyrite halo. Alteration is dominantly potassic with K-feldspar and hydrothermal biotite. Sericitic alteration is restricted to late quartz-pyrite veins (D-veins).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

37 valid minerals. 3 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Alunogen
Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
β“˜ Amarantite
Formula: Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 7H2O
β“˜ Atacamite
Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl
β“˜ Aubertite (TL)
Formula: CuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O
Type Locality:
β“˜ Bandylite (TL)
Formula: Cu[B(OH)4]Cl
Type Locality:
β“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
β“˜ Botryogen
Formula: MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
β“˜ Butlerite
Formula: Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
β“˜ Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
β“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
β“˜ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
β“˜ Copiapite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
β“˜ Coquimbite
Formula: AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
β“˜ Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
β“˜ Eriochalcite
Formula: CuCl2 · 2H2O
β“˜ Fibroferrite
Formula: Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
β“˜ Halotrichite
Formula: FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
β“˜ Hohmannite
Formula: Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 8H2O
β“˜ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜ 'K Feldspar'
β“˜ Krausite
Formula: KFe(SO4)2 · H2O
β“˜ KrΓΆhnkite
Formula: Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O
β“˜ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
β“˜ Metahohmannite
Formula: Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 4H2O
β“˜ Metavoltine
Formula: K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O
β“˜ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
β“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Parabutlerite
Formula: Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
β“˜ Paracoquimbite (TL)
Formula: Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Type Locality:
β“˜ Paratacamite
Formula: Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Quenstedtite
Formula: Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O
β“˜ RΓΆmerite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O
β“˜ Silver
Formula: Ag
β“˜ Szomolnokite
Formula: FeSO4 · H2O
β“˜ Tamarugite
Formula: NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
β“˜ Voltaite
Formula: K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O

Gallery:

Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 7H2Oβ“˜ Amarantite
Cu[B(OH)4]Clβ“˜ Bandylite (TL)
CuSO4 · 5H2Oβ“˜ Chalcanthite
CuCl2 · 2H2Oβ“˜ Eriochalcite
Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 4H2Oβ“˜ Metahohmannite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Silver1.AA.05Ag
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Digenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
β“˜Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
β“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
β“˜Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 3 - Halides
β“˜Eriochalcite3.BB.05CuCl2 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Atacamite3.DA.10aCu2(OH)3Cl
β“˜Paratacamite3.DA.10cCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Malachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 6 - Borates
β“˜Bandylite (TL)6.AC.35Cu[B(OH)4]Cl
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜Szomolnokite7.CB.05FeSO4 Β· H2O
β“˜Chalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 Β· 5H2O
β“˜Alunogen7.CB.45Al2(SO4)3 Β· 17H2O
β“˜Coquimbite7.CB.55AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 Β· 6H2O
β“˜Paracoquimbite (TL)7.CB.55Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 Β· 6H2O
β“˜Quenstedtite7.CB.65Fe2(SO4)3 Β· 11H2O
β“˜RΓΆmerite7.CB.75Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 Β· 14H2O
β“˜Halotrichite7.CB.85FeAl2(SO4)4 Β· 22H2O
β“˜Krausite7.CC.05KFe(SO4)2 Β· H2O
β“˜Tamarugite7.CC.10NaAl(SO4)2 Β· 6H2O
β“˜Voltaite7.CC.25K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 Β· 18H2O
β“˜KrΓΆhnkite7.CC.30Na2Cu(SO4)2 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Aubertite (TL)7.DB.05CuAl(SO4)2Cl Β· 14H2O
β“˜Amarantite7.DB.30Fe3+2(SO4)2O Β· 7H2O
β“˜Hohmannite7.DB.30Fe3+2(SO4)2O Β· 8H2O
β“˜Metahohmannite7.DB.30Fe3+2(SO4)2O Β· 4H2O
β“˜Copiapite7.DB.35Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 Β· 20H2O
β“˜Parabutlerite7.DC.10Fe3+(SO4)(OH) Β· 2H2O
β“˜Butlerite7.DC.10Fe3+(SO4)(OH) Β· 2H2O
β“˜Fibroferrite7.DC.15Fe3+(SO4)(OH) Β· 5H2O
β“˜Botryogen7.DC.25MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) Β· 7H2O
β“˜Metavoltine7.DF.35K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 Β· 18H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜var. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Chrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 Β· nH2O, x < 1
Unclassified
β“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜'K Feldspar'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Hβ“˜ AmarantiteFe23+(SO4)2O · 7H2O
Hβ“˜ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Hβ“˜ AubertiteCuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O
Hβ“˜ BandyliteCu[B(OH)4]Cl
Hβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Hβ“˜ ButleriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Hβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Hβ“˜ EriochalciteCuCl2 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hβ“˜ HohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Hβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ KrausiteKFe(SO4)2 · H2O
Hβ“˜ KrΓΆhnkiteNa2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ MetahohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 4H2O
Hβ“˜ MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe63+O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Hβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ ParabutleriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ ParacoquimbiteFe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Hβ“˜ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Hβ“˜ QuenstedtiteFe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O
Hβ“˜ RΓΆmeriteFe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 14H2O
Hβ“˜ SzomolnokiteFeSO4 · H2O
Hβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Hβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Hβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
BBoron
Bβ“˜ BandyliteCu[B(OH)4]Cl
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Oβ“˜ AmarantiteFe23+(SO4)2O · 7H2O
Oβ“˜ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Oβ“˜ AubertiteCuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O
Oβ“˜ BandyliteCu[B(OH)4]Cl
Oβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Oβ“˜ ButleriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Oβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Oβ“˜ EriochalciteCuCl2 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oβ“˜ HohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Oβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ KrausiteKFe(SO4)2 · H2O
Oβ“˜ KrΓΆhnkiteNa2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ MetahohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 4H2O
Oβ“˜ MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe63+O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Oβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ ParabutleriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ ParacoquimbiteFe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Oβ“˜ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ QuenstedtiteFe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O
Oβ“˜ RΓΆmeriteFe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 14H2O
Oβ“˜ SzomolnokiteFeSO4 · H2O
Oβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Oβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Oβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ KrΓΆhnkiteNa2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Naβ“˜ MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe63+O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Naβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Alβ“˜ AubertiteCuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O
Alβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Alβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Alβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Alβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Alβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Sβ“˜ AmarantiteFe23+(SO4)2O · 7H2O
Sβ“˜ AubertiteCuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O
Sβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Sβ“˜ ButleriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sβ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Sβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Sβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Sβ“˜ DigeniteCu9S5
Sβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Sβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sβ“˜ HohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Sβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sβ“˜ KrausiteKFe(SO4)2 · H2O
Sβ“˜ KrΓΆhnkiteNa2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ MetahohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 4H2O
Sβ“˜ MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe63+O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Sβ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sβ“˜ ParabutleriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ ParacoquimbiteFe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ QuenstedtiteFe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O
Sβ“˜ RΓΆmeriteFe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 14H2O
Sβ“˜ SzomolnokiteFeSO4 · H2O
Sβ“˜ TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Sβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Clβ“˜ AubertiteCuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O
Clβ“˜ BandyliteCu[B(OH)4]Cl
Clβ“˜ EriochalciteCuCl2 · 2H2O
Clβ“˜ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kβ“˜ KrausiteKFe(SO4)2 · H2O
Kβ“˜ MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe63+O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Kβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Kβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FeIron
Feβ“˜ AmarantiteFe23+(SO4)2O · 7H2O
Feβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Feβ“˜ ButleriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Feβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Feβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Feβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Feβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Feβ“˜ HohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Feβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feβ“˜ KrausiteKFe(SO4)2 · H2O
Feβ“˜ MetahohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 4H2O
Feβ“˜ MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe63+O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Feβ“˜ ParabutleriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O
Feβ“˜ ParacoquimbiteFe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feβ“˜ QuenstedtiteFe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O
Feβ“˜ RΓΆmeriteFe2+Fe23+(SO4)4 · 14H2O
Feβ“˜ SzomolnokiteFeSO4 · H2O
Feβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Cuβ“˜ AubertiteCuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O
Cuβ“˜ BandyliteCu[B(OH)4]Cl
Cuβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuβ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cuβ“˜ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuβ“˜ DigeniteCu9S5
Cuβ“˜ EriochalciteCuCl2 · 2H2O
Cuβ“˜ KrΓΆhnkiteNa2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Cuβ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuβ“˜ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
ZnZinc
Znβ“˜ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
MoMolybdenum
Moβ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
AgSilver
Agβ“˜ SilverAg

Localities in this Region

Chile

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Chile
South AmericaContinent
South America PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

gsa.confex.com (n.d.) http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_115602.htm
Barra, F., Hidalgo, E., Valencia, V., Pardo, R., Ruiz, J. (2006) Geology And Geochronology Of The Toki Cluster: Chuquicamata District Northern Chile. 2006 Philadelphia Annual Meeting (22–25 October 2006).
Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., Moring, B.C. (2008) Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models, 2008. Open-File Report 2008-1155
Barra, F., Alcota, H., Rivera, S., Valencia, V., Munizaga, F., Maksaev, V. (2013) Timing and formation of porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization in the Chuquicamata district, northern Chile: new constraints from the Toki cluster. Mineralium Deposita, 48:5, 629-651.
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