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Cornwall, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USAi
Regional Level Types
Cornwall- not defined -
Litchfield CountyCounty
ConnecticutState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 50' 37'' North , 73° 19' 48'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Falls Village538 (2017)12.8km
Sharon729 (2017)12.8km
Bantam735 (2017)15.4km
West Torrington36,000 (2017)15.7km
Litchfield1,215 (2017)15.9km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Bristol Gem & Mineral ClubBristol, Connecticut37km


A town incorporated in 1740 and named for Cornwall, England, though sadly it is not anywhere nearly as mineral rich as its namesake. Geologically, the western 2/3 is underlain by various Proterozoic gneisses of Laurentian affinity (part of the Housatonic Highlands massif) separated from mostly the Cambrian Manhattan Schist and amphibolite and some Ordovician granitic gneiss in the eastern 1/3 by a narrow, Z-folded belt of Cambro-Ordovician Stockbridge and Walloomsac Marbles that parallels Cameron's Line, a major Taconian aged thrust fault. These resistant rocks hold up the rugged terrain that comprises most of town. The marble belt, underlying the limited lowlands, winds its way from Cornwall Hollow following a narrow valley SSW along Route 43, past North Corners into a valley between Mohawk Mountain and White Rock, then north along another narrow valley just west of White Rock to Cornwall, west to Dean Corners, and then SW under Dean Hill to Cornwall Bridge.

Old literature may refer to graphite, kyanite and epidote from "Cornwall", which has its own "Mine Mountain graphite prospect" sublocality.

Schairer (1931) incorrectly refers to clay [kaolin] mining in West Cornwall. The mine was in Sharon and clay was piped as slurry to West Cornwall for processing. He also says it was found in Cornwall Hollow, which is not the same place mentioned by Shepard (1837) in SE Cornwall. This may have been from an allusion by Gold (1904) page 21, "About 1860 a deposit of porcelain clay was discovered in the south part of the town, and extensive buildings were erected for preparing it for market. The supply soon failed and the works were abandoned." This sounds suspiciously like the Sharon works, which are briefly described in the same book on page 383 in reference to the Kaolin Co. operations in West Cornwall.

A number of reference include Cornwall in a general list of towns goethite (limonite) iron ore was mined but none give a location or mine name and Shepard (1837) only refers to it casually. The iron furnaces in Cornwall Bridge were not located near any goethite iron ore mines, they were situated there for the water power, but Harte (1944) makes brief mention of magnetite ore near Cornwall Bridge. Only a small amount of magnetite ore was mined in Cornwall at Cream Hill. https://www.mindat.org/loc-345008.html

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

17 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Habit: elongated prismatic
Colour: pale green
Description: Masses of bladed crystals
Reference: Harold Moritz field observations
β“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Description: Major component of the pegmatite.
Reference: Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee, David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954), Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; USGS Professional Paper 255: 305.
β“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Description: Intergrown with muscovite.
Reference: Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee, David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954), Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; USGS Professional Paper 255: 305.
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Colour: white
Description: Granular rock-forming
Reference: former Rutgers Museum collection
β“˜ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Habit: grains
Colour: grass green
Description: Reported from unspecified location(s) in marble bedrock.
Reference: Januzzi, Ronald E. (1959), The Minerals of Western Connecticut and Southeastern New York State. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
β“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
Description: In unspecified places in town.
Reference: Shepard, Charles U. (1837), Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut. B. L. Hamlem, New Haven.
β“˜ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Description: With kyanite and graphite.
Reference: Brace, John P. (1819), Observations on the Minerals Connected with the Gneiss Range of Litchfield County. American Journal of Science: s.1, 1: 351-355.; Robinson, Samuel. (1825), A Catalogue of American Minerals, With Their Localities; Including All Which Are Known to Exist in the United States and British Provinces, And Having the Towns, Counties, and Districts in Each State and Province Arranged Alphabetically. With an Appendix, Containing Additional Localities and a Tabular View. Cummings, Hilliard, & Co., Boston.
β“˜ Goethite
Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Reference: Harold Moritz field observations
β“˜ Graphite
Formula: C
Habit: massive to platy, foliated
Colour: dark gray to black
Description: As masses, isolated or aggregated plates, or veins in quartz or diopside matrix.
Reference: Brace, John P. (1819), Observations on the Minerals Connected with the Gneiss Range of Litchfield County. American Journal of Science: s.1, 1: 351-355.; Robinson, Samuel. (1825), A Catalogue of American Minerals, With Their Localities; Including All Which Are Known to Exist in the United States and British Provinces, And Having the Towns, Counties, and Districts in Each State and Province Arranged Alphabetically. With an Appendix, Containing Additional Localities and a Tabular View. Cummings, Hilliard, & Co., Boston.
β“˜ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Description: According to Shepard (1837), "A partial vein of [kaolinite] is known in the southeast part of Cornwall, on the land of Mr. STEPHEN CURTIS." Apparently not the same place mentioned by Schairer (1931) in Cornwall Hollow, which is in NE Cornwall.
Reference: Shepard, Charles U. (1837), Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut. B. L. Hamlem, New Haven.
β“˜ Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Description: With graphite and epidote.
Reference: Brace, John P. (1819), Observations on the Minerals Connected with the Gneiss Range of Litchfield County. American Journal of Science: s.1, 1: 351-355.; Robinson, Samuel. (1825), A Catalogue of American Minerals, With Their Localities; Including All Which Are Known to Exist in the United States and British Provinces, And Having the Towns, Counties, and Districts in Each State and Province Arranged Alphabetically. With an Appendix, Containing Additional Localities and a Tabular View. Cummings, Hilliard, & Co., Boston.
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Description: Inclusions in muscovite.
Reference: Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee, David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954), Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; USGS Professional Paper 255: 305.
β“˜ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Description: Major component of the pegmatite, mined for ceramic glazing.
Reference: Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee, David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954), Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; USGS Professional Paper 255: 305.
β“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Colour: rum
Description: Books and sheets to 4 inches across.
Reference: Cameron, Eugene N., Larrabee, David M., McNair, Andrew H., Page, James T., Stewart, Glenn W., and Shainin, Vincent E. (1954), Pegmatite Investigations 1942-45 New England; USGS Professional Paper 255: 305.
β“˜ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Description: Shepard (1837): "Botryoidal calcedony, of a yellowish and reddish white color (504), is frequent in the clay and iron-region of New Milford, Kent, Cornwall and Washington." Sample 504 is described as "Quartz. Calcedonic, with opal. Botryoidal."
Reference: Shepard, Charles U. (1837), Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut. B. L. Hamlem, New Haven.
β“˜ Opal var. Opal-AN
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Habit: coating
Colour: colorless
Fluorescence: bright green under SW and MW UV light
Description: Thin films invisble except under SW UV light due to bright green fluorescence.
Reference: Ed Force collection
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Description: Reported as "crystallized".
Reference: Robinson, Samuel. (1825), A Catalogue of American Minerals, With Their Localities; Including All Which Are Known to Exist in the United States and British Provinces, And Having the Towns, Counties, and Districts in Each State and Province Arranged Alphabetically. With an Appendix, Containing Additional Localities and a Tabular View. Cummings, Hilliard, & Co., Boston.
β“˜ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
Colour: yellowish and reddish white
Description: Shepard (1837): "Botryoidal calcedony, of a yellowish and reddish white color (504), is frequent in the clay and iron-region of New Milford, Kent, Cornwall and Washington." Sample 504 is described as "Quartz. Calcedonic, with opal. Botryoidal."
Reference: Shepard, Charles U. (1837), Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut. B. L. Hamlem, New Haven.
β“˜ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Description: Reported as "crystallized".
Reference: Robinson, Samuel. (1825), A Catalogue of American Minerals, With Their Localities; Including All Which Are Known to Exist in the United States and British Provinces, And Having the Towns, Counties, and Districts in Each State and Province Arranged Alphabetically. With an Appendix, Containing Additional Localities and a Tabular View. Cummings, Hilliard, & Co., Boston.
β“˜ 'Scapolite'
Description: Reported by Schairer (1931) and Januzzi (1959) as massive, with no specific location or other details. Probably from the marble belt.
Reference: Schairer, John F. (1931): Minerals of Connecticut. Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 51.; Januzzi, Ronald E. (1959), The Minerals of Western Connecticut and Southeastern New York State. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
β“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Description: Reported by Januzzi (1959) with no specific location or details. Probably from the marble belt.
Reference: Januzzi, Ronald E. (1959), The Minerals of Western Connecticut and Southeastern New York State. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.
β“˜ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard)
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Reference: Shepard, Charles Upham (1844) A Treatise on Mineralogy
β“˜ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Habit: elongated prisms
Colour: white to gray, tan when weathered
Fluorescence: pale magenta in SW UV
Description: crystals to 6 cm
Reference: former Rutgers Museum collection

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Graphite1.CB.05aC
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Goethite4.00.Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜Opal4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜var. Opal-AN4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜var. Chalcedony4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜var. Smoky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
β“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Actinolite9.DE.10β—»Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
β“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Diopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
β“˜Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜Kyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
β“˜Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜var. Lederite (of Shepard)9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜Tremolite9.DE.10β—»Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
β“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
β“˜'Scapolite'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Hβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Hβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hβ“˜ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ GraphiteC
Cβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Oβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Oβ“˜ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oβ“˜ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard)CaTi(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oβ“˜ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgβ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgβ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Alβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alβ“˜ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Siβ“˜ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard)CaTi(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siβ“˜ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Kβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caβ“˜ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard)CaTi(SiO4)O
Caβ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caβ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Tiβ“˜ Titanite var. Lederite (of Shepard)CaTi(SiO4)O
Tiβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Feβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feβ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2

References

Sort by

Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)
Shepard, Charles U. (1837) Report on the Geological Survey of Connecticut. B. L. Hamlen, New Haven.
Gold, Theodore Sedgewick, ed. (1904) Historical records of the town of Cornwall, Litchfield County, Connecticut. The Case, Lockwood & Brainard company: 21, 383.
Schairer, John F. (1931) Minerals of Connecticut. Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 51.
Harte, Charles Rufus. (1944) Connecticut's Iron and Copper. 60th Annual Report of The Connecticut Society of Civil Engineers, Incorporated.
Januzzi, Ronald E. (1959) The Minerals of Western Connecticut and Southeastern New York State. The Mineralogical Press, Danbury, Connecticut.

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