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Knoxville Mining District, Napa Co., California, USAi
Regional Level Types
Knoxville Mining DistrictMining District
Napa Co.County
CaliforniaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
38° North , 122° West (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~41km
Mindat Locality ID:
218167
Long-form identifier:
1:2:218167:0
GUID (UUID V4):
c0e7d74e-0d49-458e-b5f0-17139207b715


A Hg mining area located at the intersection of Napa, Lake and Yolo counties. It is a narrow zone at about 5 miles long and 1 to 2 miles wide.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

43 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Alunogen
Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Colour: Yellow-white
Description: Occurs as micro-crystals on melanterite.
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 263.
β“˜ Ammonioalunite
Formula: (NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
Reference: Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Resources: 56: 401-414.
β“˜ Aragonite
Formula: CaCO3
Reference: ; Bailey, Edgar H. (1959), Froth veins, formed by immiscible hydrothermal fluids, in mercury deposits, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin 70: 661-664; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 216, 347.
β“˜ 'Aragotite'
Formula: (C,H)
Reference: Durand, F.E. (1873), Description of a new mineral from the New Almaden mine: California Academy of Science Proceedings: 4: 218; Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 289; Hanks, Henry Garber (1905), Notes on β€œaragotite,” a rare California mineral: Royal Micr. Soc. Jour., 1905: 673-676; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 83.
β“˜ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
β“˜ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
β“˜ Botryogen
Formula: MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Colour: Bright red
Description: Occurs as small crystals.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 618; Eakle, Arthur Starr (1903a), Palacheite: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 3: 231; Eakle, Arthur Starr (1903b), Note on the identity of palacheite and botryogen: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 16: 379-380; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 275.
β“˜ Buddingtonite
Formula: (NH4)(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Resources 56: 401-414.
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
β“˜ Calomel
Formula: [Hg2]2+Cl2
Colour: White
Description: Coatings on metacinnabar.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 119; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 197.
β“˜ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
Reference: Dana 6: 1096.
β“˜ Cinnabar
Formula: HgS
Description: Discontinuous veins and irregular masses in or near black silica-carbonate rock. Occurrence includes pseudomorphs after baryte.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 614; Durand, F.E. (1873), Note on crystals of quartz of a red color by the interposition of cinnabar: California Academy of Science Proceedings: 4: 211; Rogers, Austin Flint (1931b), Castanite, a basic ferric sulphate from Knoxville, California: American Mineralogist: 16: 397; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 118, 273.; USBM IC8252; Emmons and Becker (1885) Statistics and Technology of the precious Metals. Census reports Tenth census. June 1, 1880, Volume 13 By United States. Census office. 10th census, 1880, United States. Census Office
β“˜ Copiapite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Reference: Eakle, Arthur Starr (1903a), Palacheite: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 3: 231; Eakle, Arthur Starr (1903b), Note on the identity of palacheite and botryogen: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 16: 379-380; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 112.
β“˜ Coquimbite
Formula: AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Colour: Yellowish green
Description: Occurs as large masses of granular material.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 533; Eakle, Arthur Starr (1901), Mineralogical notes; with chemical analyses by W.T. Schaller: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 2: 322; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 273; www.mineralsocal.org
β“˜ Epsomite
Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O
Colour: White
Description: Long fibers to 1 foot (0.3 meter) long in old mine tunnels.
Reference: Dana 6: 1096; Friedrich, James J. (1888), Stalactitic melanterite and other minerals from California: New York Academy of Science Transactions: 8: 22; Becker, George F. (1888b), Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the Pacific slope: USGS Monograph 13, atlas: 389; Eakle, Arthur Starr (1903a), Palacheite: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 3: 231-236; Kramm, H.E. (1910), Serpentines of the central Coast Ranges of California: American Philosophical Society Proceedings: 49: 345; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 266.
β“˜ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
Reference: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
β“˜ Fibroferrite
Formula: Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Description: Also occurs with additional, unspecified sulphates.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 616; Rogers, Austin Flint (1931b), Castanite, a basic ferric sulphate from Knoxville, California: American Mineralogist: 16: 397; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 273.
β“˜ Gold
Formula: Au
Description: Dendritic.
Reference: Sherlock, R.L. and Lehrman, N.J. (1995), Occurrences of dendritic gold at the McLaughlin Mine. Mineralium Deposita: 30 (3-4): 323-327.
β“˜ Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
Reference: Sherlock, Ross L., Richard M. Tosdal, Norman J. Lehrman, Joseph R. Graney, Steven Losh, E. Craig Jowett and Stephen E. Kesler (1995), Origin of the McLaughlin Mine sheeted vein complex; metal zoning, fluid inclusion, and isotopic evidence. Economic Geology: 90(8): 2156-2181.
β“˜ Hohmannite
Formula: Fe3+2(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Description: Occurs in brecciated opalite.
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 614; Rogers, Austin Flint (1931b), Castanite, a basic ferric sulphate from Knoxville, California: American Mineralogist: 16: 396; Bandy, Mark C. (1932), Castanite from Chuquicamata, Chile: American Mineralogist: 17: 534-537; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 273.
β“˜ Idrialite
Formula: C22H14
Reference: Averitt, Paul (1945), Quicksilver deposits of the Knoxville district, Napa, Yolo, and Lake Counties, California: California Journal of Mines & Geology, California Division Mines (Report 42): 42: 78; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 165.
β“˜ Jamesonite
Formula: Pb4FeSb6S14
Description: Occurs as delicate capillary crystals "feather ore" associated with cinnabar.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 232; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 137.
β“˜ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Description: Alteration product of basalt.
Reference: USGS MRDS database (2005), loc. file ID #10040777.
β“˜ 'K Feldspar'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
Reference: Sherlock, R. L. (1996). Hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks at the McLaughlin gold deposit, northern California. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33(3), 493-508.
β“˜ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'
Formula: KAlSi3O8
Reference: Sherlock, R. L. (1996). Hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks at the McLaughlin gold deposit, northern California. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33(3), 493-508.
β“˜ Magnesiocopiapite
Formula: MgFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Reference: Whitmore, D.R.E., et al (1946), Chrome micas: American Mineralogist: 31: 21; Melville, William Harlow & Waldemar Lindgren (1890), Contributions to the mineralogy of the Pacific coast: USGS Bulletin 61, 40pp.: 24; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 156, 247; www.mineralsocal.org
β“˜ Magnesiocopiapite var. Knoxvillite
Formula: MgFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 626.
β“˜ Magnesite
Formula: MgCO3
Reference: Dana 6: 1096.
β“˜ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
Reference: Dana 6: 63; Ransome, Alfred Leslie & J.L. Kellogg (1939), Quicksilver resources of California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division Mines (Report 35): 35: 410; Averitt, Paul (1945), Quicksilver deposits of the Knoxville district, Napa, Yolo, and Lake Counties, California: California Journal of Mines & Geology, California Division Mines (Report 42): 42: 88; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 74.; Emmons and Becker (1885) Statistics and Technology of the precious Metals. Census reports Tenth census. June 1, 1880, Volume 13 By United States. Census office. 10th census, 1880, United States. Census Office
β“˜ Melanterite
Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Colour: Pale green
Description: Occurs as long stalactites - abundant.
Reference: Kramm, H.E. (1910), Serpentines of the central Coast Ranges of California: American Philosophical Society Proceedings: 49: 345; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 271; www.mineralsocal.org
β“˜ Mercury
Formula: Hg
β“˜ Metacinnabar (TL)
Formula: HgS
Description: Occurs in large amounts in the upper part of the mine.
Reference: Durand, F.E. (1873), Notes on the crystallization of metacinnabarite: California Academy of Science Proceedings: 4: 219-220; Hanks, Henry Garber (1884), Fourth report of the State Mineralogist: California Mining Bureau. Report 4, 410 pp.: 261; Ransome, Alfred Leslie & J.L. Kellogg (1939), Quicksilver resources of California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division Mines (Report 35): 35: 410; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 254-255, 262; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 118.; USBM IC8252; Emmons and Becker (1885) Statistics and Technology of the precious Metals. Census reports Tenth census. June 1, 1880, Volume 13 By United States. Census office. 10th census, 1880, United States. Census Office
β“˜ Miargyrite
Formula: AgSbS2
β“˜ Millerite
Formula: NiS
Description: Occurs as small coatings of micro-crystals with cinnabar.
Reference: Eakle (1914) Minerals of California; Becker, George F. (1888b), Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the Pacific slope: USGS Monograph 13, atlas: 284; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 265.
β“˜ Mirabilite
Formula: Na2SO4 · 10H2O
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 267.
β“˜ Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Reference: Sherlock, R. L. (1996). Hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks at the McLaughlin gold deposit, northern California. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33(3), 493-508.
β“˜ Montroydite
Formula: HgO
Reference: Kim, C. S., Rytuba, J. J., & Brown Jr, G. E. (2004). Geological and anthropogenic factors influencing mercury speciation in mine wastes: an EXAFS spectroscopy study. Applied Geochemistry, 19(3), 379-393.
β“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Sherlock, R. L. (1996). Hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks at the McLaughlin gold deposit, northern California. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33(3), 493-508.
β“˜ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Sherlock, R. L. (1996). Hydrothermal alteration of volcanic rocks at the McLaughlin gold deposit, northern California. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33(3), 493-508.
β“˜ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Description: Brightly-colored, hydrocarbon-rich material.
Reference: Sherlock, R.L. and Lehrman, N.J. (1995), Occurrences of dendritic gold at the McLaughlin Mine. Mineralium Deposita: 30 (3-4): 323-327.
β“˜ Opal var. Lemon Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
β“˜ Opal var. Prase Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
Reference: Rocks&Min 11(8):117
β“˜ Opal var. Precious Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
β“˜ Pyrargyrite
Formula: Ag3SbS3
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Reference: Dana 6: 1095-1096.
β“˜ Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
Description: Occurs as radiating concentric masses with cinnabar.
Reference: Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 304.
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Colour: Red
Description: Occurrence includes pseudomorphs after baryte. These are red due to included cinnabar.
Reference: Dana 6: 63; Durand, F.E. (1873), Note on crystals of quartz of a red color by the interposition of cinnabar: California Academy of Science Proceedings: 4: 211; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 97, 314.; Emmons and Becker (1885) Statistics and Technology of the precious Metals. Census reports Tenth census. June 1, 1880, Volume 13 By United States. Census office. 10th census, 1880, United States. Census Office
β“˜ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
Description: Occurs as "frothy" veins with associated mineral crystals.
Reference: ; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 347.
β“˜ Quartz var. Myrickite
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Redingtonite (TL)
Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Type Locality:
Colour: Pale purple (lilac)
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 529; Mineralogical Record (1971): 2: 152; Becker, George F. (1888b), Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the Pacific slope: USGS Monograph 13, atlas: 486; Melville, William Harlow & Waldemar Lindgren (1890), Contributions to the mineralogy of the Pacific coast: USGS Bulletin 61, 40pp.: 23; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 264.
β“˜ Senarmontite
Formula: Sb2O3
Habit: Octahedral
Description: Occurs as micro-octahedra in vugs and fissures of chert.
Reference: Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 185.
β“˜ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
Reference: www.mineralsocal.org
β“˜ Stibnite
Formula: Sb2S3
Description: Fibrous bands.
Reference: Bradley, W.W. (1918), Quicksilver resources of California, with a section on metallurgy and ore dressing: California Mining Bureau. Bulletin 78, 389 pp.: 86; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 130; www.mineralsocal.org
β“˜ Sulphur
Formula: S8
Reference: Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 614; Rogers, Austin Flint (1931b), Castanite, a basic ferric sulphate from Knoxville, California: American Mineralogist: 16: 397; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 186.
β“˜ Voltaite
Formula: K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Habit: Isometric
Colour: Black
Reference: Melville, William Harlow & Waldemar Lindgren (1890), Contributions to the mineralogy of the Pacific coast: USGS Bulletin 61, 40pp.: 23; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 278.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Gold1.AA.05Au
β“˜var. Electrum1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
β“˜Mercury1.AD.05Hg
β“˜Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
β“˜Cinnabar2.CD.15aHgS
β“˜Jamesonite2.HB.15Pb4FeSb6S14
β“˜Marcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
β“˜Metacinnabar (TL)2.CB.05aHgS
β“˜Miargyrite2.HA.10AgSbS2
β“˜Millerite2.CC.20NiS
β“˜Pyrargyrite2.GA.05Ag3SbS3
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
β“˜Stibnite2.DB.05Sb2S3
Group 3 - Halides
β“˜Calomel3.AA.30[Hg2]2+Cl2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Chromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
β“˜Montroydite4.AC.15HgO
β“˜Opal4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜var. Lemon Opal4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜var. Prase Opal4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜var. Precious Opal4.DA.10SiO2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Pyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜var. Chalcedony4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜var. Myrickite4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜Senarmontite4.CB.50Sb2O3
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Aragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
β“˜Magnesite5.AB.05MgCO3
β“˜Siderite5.AB.05FeCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Alunogen7.CB.45Al2(SO4)3 Β· 17H2O
β“˜Ammonioalunite7.BC.10(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
β“˜Botryogen7.DC.25MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) Β· 7H2O
β“˜Copiapite7.DB.35Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 Β· 20H2O
β“˜Coquimbite7.CB.55AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 Β· 6H2O
β“˜Epsomite7.CB.40MgSO4 Β· 7H2O
β“˜Fibroferrite7.DC.15Fe3+(SO4)(OH) Β· 5H2O
β“˜Hohmannite7.DB.30Fe3+2(SO4)2O Β· 8H2O
β“˜Magnesiocopiapite7.DB.35MgFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 Β· 20H2O
β“˜var. Knoxvillite7.DB.35MgFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 Β· 20H2O
β“˜Melanterite7.CB.35Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 Β· H2O
β“˜Mirabilite7.CD.10Na2SO4 Β· 10H2O
β“˜Redingtonite (TL)7.CB.85(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 Β· 22H2O
β“˜Voltaite7.CC.25K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 Β· 18H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Buddingtonite9.FA.30(NH4)(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜Montmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 Β· nH2O
β“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜var. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Group 10 - Organic Compounds
β“˜Idrialite10.BA.20C22H14
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
β“˜'Aragotite'-(C,H)
β“˜'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
β“˜'K Feldspar'-KAlSi3O8
β“˜'var. Adularia'-KAlSi3O8

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hβ“˜ Magnesiocopiapite var. KnoxvilliteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Hβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Hβ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Hβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Hβ“˜ HohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Hβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Hβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Hβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Hβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ MagnesiocopiapiteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Hβ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Hβ“˜ Opal var. Prase OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Buddingtonite(NH4)(AlSi3O8)
Hβ“˜ Ammonioalunite(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ Opal var. Lemon OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Opal var. Precious OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Aragotite(C,H)
Hβ“˜ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Hβ“˜ IdrialiteC22H14
Hβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ MagnesiteMgCO3
Cβ“˜ SideriteFeCO3
Cβ“˜ AragoniteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ Aragotite(C,H)
Cβ“˜ IdrialiteC22H14
NNitrogen
Nβ“˜ Buddingtonite(NH4)(AlSi3O8)
Nβ“˜ Ammonioalunite(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oβ“˜ Magnesiocopiapite var. KnoxvilliteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Oβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oβ“˜ MagnesiteMgCO3
Oβ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Oβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Oβ“˜ HohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Oβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Oβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Oβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Oβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ MagnesiocopiapiteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Oβ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Oβ“˜ SideriteFeCO3
Oβ“˜ Opal var. Prase OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Oβ“˜ AragoniteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ Buddingtonite(NH4)(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ Ammonioalunite(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ Opal var. Lemon OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Opal var. Precious OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Quartz var. MyrickiteSiO2
Oβ“˜ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Oβ“˜ SenarmontiteSb2O3
Oβ“˜ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Oβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oβ“˜ MontroyditeHgO
Oβ“˜ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Oβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Oβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
Naβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Mgβ“˜ Magnesiocopiapite var. KnoxvilliteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Mgβ“˜ MagnesiteMgCO3
Mgβ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Mgβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Mgβ“˜ MagnesiocopiapiteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Mgβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Alβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Alβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Alβ“˜ Buddingtonite(NH4)(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ Ammonioalunite(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alβ“˜ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Alβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Alβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Opal var. Prase OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siβ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ Buddingtonite(NH4)(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ Opal var. Lemon OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ Opal var. Precious OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ Quartz var. MyrickiteSiO2
Siβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siβ“˜ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Siβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Siβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ MetacinnabarHgS
Sβ“˜ Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sβ“˜ CinnabarHgS
Sβ“˜ Magnesiocopiapite var. KnoxvilliteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Sβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Sβ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Sβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Sβ“˜ HohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Sβ“˜ SulphurS8
Sβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Sβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Sβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Sβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Sβ“˜ MagnesiocopiapiteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Sβ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Sβ“˜ StibniteSb2S3
Sβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Sβ“˜ Ammonioalunite(NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sβ“˜ MiargyriteAgSbS2
Sβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sβ“˜ PyrargyriteAg3SbS3
Sβ“˜ MilleriteNiS
Sβ“˜ JamesonitePb4FeSb6S14
Sβ“˜ MirabiliteNa2SO4 · 10H2O
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ Calomel[Hg2]2+Cl2
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Kβ“˜ K Feldspar var. AdulariaKAlSi3O8
Kβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ K FeldsparKAlSi3O8
Kβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ AragoniteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
CrChromium
Crβ“˜ Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Crβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
MnManganese
Mnβ“˜ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
FeIron
Feβ“˜ Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Feβ“˜ Magnesiocopiapite var. KnoxvilliteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Feβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Feβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Feβ“˜ HohmanniteFe23+(SO4)2O · 8H2O
Feβ“˜ BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
Feβ“˜ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Feβ“˜ CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
Feβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Feβ“˜ MagnesiocopiapiteMgFe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Feβ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Feβ“˜ SideriteFeCO3
Feβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feβ“˜ JamesonitePb4FeSb6S14
NiNickel
Niβ“˜ Redingtonite(Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Niβ“˜ MilleriteNiS
AsArsenic
Asβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
AgSilver
Agβ“˜ MiargyriteAgSbS2
Agβ“˜ Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Agβ“˜ PyrargyriteAg3SbS3
SbAntimony
Sbβ“˜ StibniteSb2S3
Sbβ“˜ MiargyriteAgSbS2
Sbβ“˜ PyrargyriteAg3SbS3
Sbβ“˜ JamesonitePb4FeSb6S14
Sbβ“˜ SenarmontiteSb2O3
BaBarium
Baβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
AuGold
Auβ“˜ GoldAu
Auβ“˜ Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
HgMercury
Hgβ“˜ MetacinnabarHgS
Hgβ“˜ CinnabarHgS
Hgβ“˜ Calomel[Hg2]2+Cl2
Hgβ“˜ MercuryHg
Hgβ“˜ MontroyditeHgO
PbLead
Pbβ“˜ JamesonitePb4FeSb6S14

References

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Year (asc) Year (desc) Author (A-Z) Author (Z-A)
Moore, Gideon E. (1872), On the occurrence in nature of amorphous mercuric sulphide: American Journal of Science, 3rd. series: 3: 36.
Becker, George F. (1888b), Geology of the quicksilver deposits of the Pacific slope: USGS Monograph 13, atlas: 271-290.
Melville, William Harlow & Waldemar Lindgren (1890), Contributions to the mineralogy of the Pacific coast: USGS Bulletin 61, 40pp.: 22.
Penfield, Samuel Lewis (1892), Notes on the crystallography of metacinnabarite: American Journal of Science, 3rd. series: 44: 453.
Averitt, Paul (1945), Quicksilver deposits of the Knoxville district, Napa, Yolo, and Lake Counties, California: California Journal of Mines & Geology, California Division Mines (Report 42): 42: 65-88.
Dickson, F.W. & G. Tunell (1959), Stability relations of cinnabar and metacinnabar: American Mineralogist: 44: 482-483.
Davis, Fenelon Francis and E.H. Bailey (1966) Mercury. California Division Mines and Geology Bulletin 191: 252.
White, D.E. (1967) Mercury and base-metal deposits with associated thermal and mineral waters. In: H.L. Barnes (Editor), Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits. Holt Reinhart and Winston, New York: 575-631.
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 118, 119 (map 3-9).

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