A small pegmatite rich in Sc-minerals.
Located about 4.3 km NW of the small parish of Tørdal.
Collecting is only allowed with permission of the land owner.
Refs.:
[Note: This is a complete list of references on this pegmatite.]
- Bergstøl, S. & Juve, G. 1988. Scandian ixiolite, pyrochlore and bazzite in granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Contr. Miner. Petrol., 38:229-243
- Cooper, M.A., Hawthorne, F.C., Ball, N.A., Černý, P., Kristiansen, R. (2006): Oftedalite, (ScCa)KBe3Si12O30, a new mineral species of the milarite group from the Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Norway: description and crystal structure. Canadian Mineralogist, 44, 943-949.
- Demartin, F., Gramaccioli, C.M. & Pilati, T. 2000. Structure refinement of bazzite from pegmatitic and miarolitic occurrences. Can. Min., 38:1419-1424
- Eldjarn, K. 2002. Seltene Scandium-mineralien von Tørdal, Telemark, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt, 2:14-22
- Ellingsen, H.V. & Haugen, A. 2002. Kristiansenitt – et nytt mineral fra Tørdal. STEIN, 29 (1):32-34.
- Ferraris, G. et al. 2000. Solving the structure of a new Ca-Sc-Sn disilicate twinnned by metric merohedry. International Union of Crystallography Congress, Nancy.
- Ferraris, G., Gula, A., Ivaldi, G., Nespolo, M. & Raade, G. 2001. Crystal structure of kristiansenite: a case of class IIB twinning by metric merohedry. Z. Kristallogr., 216:442-448
- Ferraris, G., Makovicky, E. & Merlino. S. 2004. Crystallography of modular materials. Oxford University Press. 370 pp. (kristiansenite on p. 299).
- Ferraris, G., Raade, G., Gula, A. & Ivaldi, G. Incorporation of scandium and other structural aspects in kristiansenite. International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of Scandium, University of Oslo, Abstracts and Proceedings no. 2:16-17
- Grew, E.S. 2002. Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of Beryllium: an introduction and list of Beryllium minerals. I “Beryllium: mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry” in: E.S. Grew (editor). Miner. Soc. Amer. Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry, vol. 50:1-76
- Hawthorne, F. 2002. The use of end-member charge-arrangements in defining new mineral species and heterovalent substitutions in complex minerals. Can. Miner., 40:699-710
- Jambor, J. 1991. Scandium microlite. Amer. Min. 76:668
- Juve, G. & Bergstøl, S. 1990. Caesian bazzite in granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Miner. & Petrol., 43:131-136
- Juve, G. & Bergstøl, S. 1997. Granittpegmatittene i Tørdal, Telemark. Skrifter Norsk Bergverkmuseum, no. 12:56-57
- Kristiansen, R. 1998. Høydalen litium-pegmatitt, Tørdal i Telemark. STEIN, 25: 21-30
- Kristiansen, R. (2000): Mer om rynersonitt. STEIN 27 (1), 12-14
- Kristiansen, R. 2003. Scandium-mineraler i Norge. STEIN,30:14-23
- Kristiansen, R. 2005. Milarittgruppens mineraler i Norge. Skrifter Norsk Bergverkmuseum, 30:21-29
- Nespolo, M. 2004. Twin point groups and the polychromatic symmetry of twins. Z. Kristallogr., 219: 57-71
- Nespolo, M., Ferraris, G., Gula, A., Ivaldi, G. & Raade, G. 2001. Unusual merohedrictwinning in kristiansenite. Progr. and Abstr., Ann. meeting, Miner. Soc. Japan, Akita, p.154 (in Japanese with English abstr.)
- Raade, G. 2003.An introduction to scandium: mineralogy and crystal chemistry. International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of Scandium, University of Oslo, Abstracts and Proceedings no. 2:31-33
- Raade, G. & Bernhard, F. 2003. Coexisting scandium minerals in the Heftetjern granite pegmatite. International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of Scandium, University of Oslo, Abstracts and Proceedings no. 2:34-35
- Raade, G., Bernhard, F. & Ottolini, L. Replacement textures involving four scandium silicate minerals in the Heftetjern granitic pegmatite, Norway. Eur. J. Miner., 16:945-950
- Raade, G. & Erambert, M. 1999. An intergrowth of scandiobabingtonite and cascandite from the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Norway. N. Jb. Miner. Mh. 1999(12):545-550
- Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. 2000a. Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Tørdal: a progress report. Skrifter Norsk Bergverkmuseum 17:19-25
- Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. 2000b. Scandium enrichment in the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Telemark, Norway. 4th Intern. Miner. in Museums Conference, Melbourne, Australia, p. 83
- Raade, G., Ferraris, G., Gula, A., Ivaldi, G. & Bernhard, F. 2002. Kristiansenite, a new calcium-scandium-tin sorosilicate from granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Telemark, Norway. Min. Petrol., 75:89-99
- Raade, G. & Kristiansen, R. 2003. Scandium as a trace element in the Heftetjern pegmatite minerals. International symposium on the mineralogy and geochemistry of Scandium, University of Oslo, Abstracts and Proceedings no. 2:36-37
- Raade, G. & Segalstad, T.V. 2003. International symposium on the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Scandium. Geological museum, Natural History museum, University of Oslo, Abstracts and Proceedings no. 91
- Werner, R. 1993. Bazzitt fra pegmatitt nær Tørdal. STEIN 20: 184-187
- Wise, M.A., Cerny, P. & Falster, A.U. 1998. Scandium substitution in columbite-groupminerals and ixiolite. Can. Min. 36:673-680
see also:
- http://www.nags.net/Nags/english/articles_werner/bazzite_from_toerdal.htm
