Archean extreme high-grade metamorphism, with sapphirine+quartz, spinel+quartz and osumilite-bearing assemblages.
850 - 1000 °C / 7-9 kb at Tula Mts.
Ref.:
*Harley, S.L. and Motoyoshi, Y. (2000) Al zoning in orthopyroxene in a sapphirine quartzite: evidence for (greater than) 1120° C metamorphism in the Napier Complex, Antarctica, and implications for the entropy of sapphirine. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 138: 293-307
*Asami, A., Suzuki, K., and Grew, E.S. (2002) Chemical Th-U-total Pb dating by electron microprobe analysis of monazite, xenotime and zircon from the Archean Napier Complex, East Antarctica: Evidence for ultra-high-temperature metamorphism at 2400Ma. Precambrian Research: 114: 249-275.
*Grew, E. Et Al (2006) Beryllium and other trace elements in paragenisses and anatectic veins of the ultrahigh-temperature Napier Complex, Enderby Land, East Antarctica: The role of sapphirine. Journal of Petrology: 47: 859-882.
http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_60995.52 entries listed. 24 valid minerals. 1 type locality (valid mineral).
