‡Ref.: Schrader, F.C. & J.M. Hill (1915), Mineral deposits of the Santa Rita and Patagonia Mountains, Arizona, USGS Bull. 582: 251-252.
Kartchner, W.E. (1944) The geology and ore deposits of a portion of the Harshaw district, Patagonia Mountains, Arizona: Tucson, University of Arizona, Ph.D. dissertation, 100 p.: 92-94.
Moores, R.C., III (1972) The geology and ore deposits of a portion of the Harshaw district, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: Tucson, University of Arizona, M.S. thesis, 98 p.
Simons, F.S. (1972) Mesozoic stratigraphy of the Patagonia Mountains and adjoining areas, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, in Mesozoic stratigraphy in southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 658-E, p. E21-E22.
Simons, F.S. (1974) Geologic map and sections of the Nogales and Lochiel quadrangles, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-762, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:48,000.
Keith, Stanton B. (1975), Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 191, Index of Mining Properties in Santa Cruz County Arizona: 58 (Table 4).
Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 168
U.S. Bureau of Mines - Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology file data.
Arizona Bureau of Mines file data.
U.S. Bureau of Mines Coronado National Forest Study.
MRDS database Dep. ID #10048342, MRDS ID #M899929; and, Dep. ID #10161920, MAS ID #0040230445.
A former underground Pb-Ag-Zn-Cu-Au-Mn mine located in North-central sec. 5, T.23S. R.16E. (protracted), near the head of Alum Gulch, about 1 mile south of the World's Fair Mine and 1½ miles west of Harshaw, at an elevation of 3,950 feet (shaft collar), on National Forest land. Discovered in 1885 by William Harrington and James Gillespie. Worked mostly in 1887 to 1889. Closed 1952. Owned/operated at times, or in part, by Harrington & Gillespie; Phelps Dodge Corp. (1912-?); Humboldt Mining & Reduction Co.; Mr. Carl Scheley (Scheler ?); Mr. Patrick Roscoe; Mr. G.F. Gerrard (1948); Gib And Reuben Mock (?); and, Mr. C.W. Chapman (1949). These properties consist of the Humboldt, Good Luck, Silver Leaf, and Indian Chief claims.
Mineralization is narrow, lensing quartz veins containing argentiferous cerussite in the oxidized zone and spotty argentiferous galena and other sulfides with rhodochrosite with depth, along a fault fissure zone cutting Laramide rhyolite and agglomerate and parallel to the contact between them. The ore zone is 2.74 meters wide. Deposits occur mainly in the rhyolite, 15 to 30 feet from the contact. Strong pyritization of the host rock and extensive surface oxidation. Some disseminated chalcopyrite. Ore concentration was secondary enrichment along the fault zone. Ores are either disseminated through quartz gangue or concentrated in joint or shear planes. Shear zones with galena are in the vein walls. An associated rock unit is the Josephine Canyon Diorite.
Country rock is diorite with rhyolite intrusions, with a contact that dips 85ºS.
About ¼ mile SW of the shaft, on the east side of the gulch, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, is a tunnel in rhyolite about 30 feet south of the rhyolite-diorite contact, which here strikes N.45ºE. The tunnel is on a slip in the rhyolite that is parallel the contact and dips 83ºNW. At 40 feet from the portal is a fault striking N.50ºE. and dipping 87ºSE. The rock north of this fault is dark and very much altered and seems to be in diorite. It contains disseminated pyrite. Along this fault there is 2 feet of crushed material, of which 2 to 3 inches (5 to 7.5 cm) on the hanging wall side is very siliceous and shows galena and a little tetrahedrite.
Below this tunnel, at an elevation of 4,910 feet, is a lower tunnel which starts in altered sheared rhyolite and runs N.55ºE. At 20 feet from the portal a 13 foot crosscut to the south exposes a very siliceous zone 9 feet wide which dips 70ºNE. This zone shows disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite, and in the crosscut the walls are coated with copper and iron sulphates.
On the west side of the gulch 200 feet SW of the lower tunnel and feet above it is the portal of a new tunnel, which runs N.75ºW. for about 55 feet in altered, silicified rhyolite. It seems to be on a shear zone that dips 80ºN. Ore here shows pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena disseminated through the siliceous material and concentrated in joint or shear planes.
Local structures include thick-bedded coarse tuffs and massive tuff breccias associated with the Trench Camp. Tectonic elements include the American Mine Fault Block.
Workings are shaft and tunnel operations aggregating some 700 feet (213.36 meters) of work, including a 160 foot deep shaft inclined 80ºS and 2 tunnels about ¼ mile SW of the shaft. A 55 foot long tunnel is about 200 feet to the SW of the other tunnels. The tunnel workings are on a slip in rhyolite that runs parallel to a rhyolite-diorite contact and dips 83NW. There are also several stopes. Worked intermittently from the late 1880's to 1952. Produced some 1,200 tons of ore averaging about 7% Pb, 19 oz. Ag/T, 1.5% Zn, 1% Cu and minor Au.
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Map Reference: 31°28'10"N , 110°43'58"W
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