Ref.: "Second Geological Survey of Pennsylvania" 1874.
Genth, F. A. Preliminary Report on the Mineralogy of Pennsylvania" Pgs. 13, 14.
Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York:1069.
Buddington, A.F. (1924)," Alaskan Nickel Minerals," Economic Geology, Vol. 19:521-541.
Moyd, Louis (1942), "Evidence of Sulfide, Silicate Immiscibility at Gap Nickel Mine, Pennsylvania," American Mineralogist: 27: 389-393.
Palache, C., Berman, H. & Frondel, C. (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 235, 241.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 490.
Heyl, Allen (Apr, 1973), "Cobalt at Gap Nickel Mine," Keystone Newsletter.
Speer, J.A. and Martin, E.C. (1974), "Pennsylvania Minerals: I. Violarite from the Gap Nickel Mine," Mineralogical Record: 5(5): 209-210.
Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of Pennsylvania, Inc.: 77.
Mineralogical Record (1990): 21: 103.
Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990.
An old nickel mine with millerite as the principal ore mineral. The Gap Nickel Mine was discovered in 1732, and was worked to some extent for copper, but was abandoned due to the small quantities present in the ore. In the early 1850's, it was discovered that the large ore vein contained a considerable quantity of nickel. Operated by the Gap Mining Co. until 1863, When Joseph Wharton, Founder of the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania, took over ownership and operation of the mine.
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Map Reference: 39°59'N , 76°1'W
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