Vigneria stope, Rio Mine (Rio Marina Mine), Rio Marina, Elba Island, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy

Immediatly after Rio Marina houses at the north, cutted by provincial road to Cavo it is the oldest stope, mining exploitation surely beginning at Estruscan age.
In modern times in the east part, between the road and the sea, have been placed ore refinement system and the wharf for ore shipping. Historically this stope has supplied good hematite specimens and the best specimens of pyrite. Actually exhausted, with scanties residual ore bodies at the end of exploitation front. In 2002 part of it has been transformed in a public parking area.

References:
-Orlandi, P., & Pezzotta, A., 1997. I minerali dell'Isola d'Elba. I minerali dei Giacimenti metalliferi dell'Elba orientale e delle Pegmatiti del Monte Capanne. Ed. Novecento Grafico, Bergamo, 245 pp.