Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada

A giant polymetallic deposit.
Hosted within one of the Earth's largest impact craters (diameter 250 km).

References:
Bell, R. (1891a) On the Sudbury Mining district. Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report, New series: 5(1): 5F-95F.

Bell, R. (1891b) The nickel and copper deposits of Sudbury District, Canada Geological Society of America Bulletin 2: 125-137.

Dickson, C.W. (1903) The ore deposits of Sudbury. Transactions of the A.I.M.E.: 34: 1-67.

Barlow, A.E. (1904) Origin, geological relations and composition of the nickel and copper deposits of the Sudbury mining district, Ontario. Geological Survey of Canada, Annual Report (for 1908): 1-244 (No. 961).

Coleman, A.P. (1905) The Sudbury nickel region. Ontario Bureau of Mines Report: 14(3).

Coleman, A.P. (1913) The nickel industry, with special reference to the Sudbury region. Canada Department of Mines, Mines Branch 170.

Knight, C.W. (1917) Geology of the Sudbury area and description of Sudbury ore bodies. In: Report of the Royal Ontario Nickel Commission, Toronto, Ontario (104-211).

Wandke, A. and Hoffman, R. (1924) A study of the Sudbury ore deposits. Economic Geology: 19: 169-204.

Phemister, T.C. (1926) Igneous rocks of Sudbury and their relation to the ore deposits. Ontariio Department of Mines, Annual Report for 1925: 34(8): 1-61.

Coleman, A.P., Moore, E.S., and Walker, T.L. (1929) The Sudbury nickel intrusive. University of Toronto Stud., Geol. Section: 28: 1-54.

Burrows, A.G. and Rickaby, H.C. (1930) Sudbury Basin area. Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report for 1929: 38(3).

Collins, W.H. (1934) Life history of the Sudbury nickel irruptive. I. Petrogenesis. Royal Society of Canada Transactions, Third Series: 28(IV): 123-177.

Collins, W.H. (1935) Life history of the Sudbury nickel irruptive. II. Intrusion and deformation. Royal Society of Canada Transactions, Third Series: 29(IV): 27-47.

Collins, W.H. (1936) Life history of the Sudbury nickel irruptive. III. Mineralization. Royal Society of Canada Transactions, Third Series: 309(IV): 29-53.

Collins, W.H. (1937) Life history of the Sudbury nickel irruptive. IV. Environment. Royal Society of Canada Transactions, Third Series: 31(IV): 15-43.

Phemister, T.C. (1937) A review of the problems of the Sudbury Irruptive. Journal of Geology: 45: 1-47.

Yates, A.B. (1938) The Sudbury Intrusive. Royal Society of Canada, Transactions: 4: 151-172.

Yates, A.B. (1948) Properties of International Nickel Company of Canada. In: Structural Geology of Canadian Ore Deposits. Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Montreal, Quebec (596-617).

Speers, E.C. (1957) The age relation and origin of the common Sudbury breccia. Journal of Geology: 65: 497-514.

Thomson, J.E. (1957) Geology of the Sudbury basin. Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report for 1956: 65(3): 1-56.

Williams, H. (1957) Glowing avalanche deposits of the Sudbury basin. Ontario Department of Mines, Annual Report for 1956: 65(3): 57-89.

Thomson, J.E. and Williams, H. (1959) The myth of the Sudbury lopolith. Canadian Mining Journal: 80: 57-62.

Hawley, J.E. (1962) The Sudbury ores: their mineralogy and origin. Canadian Mineralogist: 7(1).

Dietz, R.S. (1964) Sudbury structure as an astrobleme. Journal of Geology: 72: 412-434.

Naldrett, A.J. and Kullerud, G. (1967) A study of the Strathcona mine and its bearing on the origin of the nickel-copper ores of the Sudbury district, Ontario. Journal of Petrology: 8: 453-531.

Keays, R.R. & Crocket, J.H. (1970) A tsudy of precious metals in the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive ores. Economic Geology: 65: 438-450.

Naldrett, A.J., Bray, J.G., Gasparrini, E.L., Podolsky, T., and Rucklidge, J.C. (1970) Cryptic variation and the petrology of the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive. Economic Geology: 65: 122-155.

Kuo, H.-Y. and Crocket, J.H. (1979) Rare earth elements in the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive: comparison with layered gabbros and implications for Nickel Irruptive petrogenesis. Economic Geology: 79: 590-605.

Econ Geol (1980) 75:260-277 Paleomagnetism

Naldrett, A.J., Innes, D.G., Sowa, J., and Gorton, M. (1982) Compositional variations within and between five Sudbury ore deposits. Economic Geology: 77: 1519-1534.

Dressler, B.O. (1984) The effects of the Sudbury event and the intrusion of the Sudbury Igneous Complex on the footwall of the Sudbury Structure. In: The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sudbury Structure (E.G. Pye, A.J. Naldrett & P.E. Giblin, editors). Ontario Geological Survey, Special Vl. 1: 97-138.


Naldrett, A.J. and Hewins, R.H. (1984) The main mass of the Sudbury Igneous Cmplex. In: The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sudbury Structure (E.G. Pye, A.J. Naldrett & P.E. Giblin, editors). Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 1: 235-251.

Pye, E., Naldrett, A.J., and Giblin, P. (1984) The Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sudbury Structure. Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume 1.

Faggart, B.E., Basu, A.B., and Tatsumoto, M. (1985) Origin of the Sudbury Complex by meteorite impact: neodymium isotopic evidence. Science: 230: 436-439.

Fleet, M.E., Barnett, R.L., and Morris, W.A. (1987): Prograde metamorphism of the Sudbury igneous Complex. Canadian Mineralogist: 25: 499-514.

Grieve, R.A.F., Stoffler, D., and Deutsch, A. (1991) The Sudbury structure: controversial or misunderstood? Journal of Geophysical Research: 96: 22753-22764.

Walker, R.J., Morgan, J.W., Naldrett, A.J., Li, Chusi, and Fassett, J.D. (1991) Re-Os isotopic systematics of Ni-Cu sulfide ores, Sudbury Igneous Complex, Ontario: evidence for a major crustal component. Earth Planetary Sci. Lett. 105: 416-429.

Dickin, A.P., Richardson, J.M., Crocket, J.H., McNutt, R.H., and Peredery, W.V. (1992) Osmium isotope evidence for a crustal origin of platinum group elements in the Sudbury nickel ore, Ontario, Canada. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 56: 3531-3537.

Farrow, C.E.G. and Watkinson, D.H. (1992) Alteration and the role of fluids in Ni, Cu and platinum-group element deposition, Sudbury Igneous Complex contact, Onaping-Levack area, Ontario. Mineralogy and Petrology: 46: 67-83.

Milkereit, B., Green, A., Berrer, E., Boerner, D., Broome, J, Cosec, M., Cowan, J., Davidson, A., Dressler, B., Fueten, F., Grieve, R., James, R., Krause, B., McGrath, P., Meyer, W., Moon, W., Morris, W., Morrison, G., Nadrett, A., Peredery, W., Rousell, D., Salisbury, M., Schwerdtner W., Snajdr, P., Thomas, M., and Watts, A. (1992) Geometry of the Sudbury Structure from high resolution seismic reflection profiling. Geology: 20: 807-811.

Grieve, R.A.F. (1994) An impact model of the Sudbury structure. In: Proceedings of the Sudbury-Nopril'sk Symposium (P.C. Lightfoot & A.J. Naldrett, editors). Ontario Geological Survey Special Vol. 5: 119-132.

Naldrett, A.J., Pessaran, A., Asif, M., and Li, Chusi (1994) Compositional variation in the Sudbury ores and prediction of the proximity of footwall copper-PGE ore bodies. In: Proceedings of the Sudbury-Noril'sk Symposium (P.C. Lightfoot & A.J. Naldrett, editors). Ontario Geological Survey, Special Publication 5: 133-146.

Farrow, C.E.G. and Watkinson, D.H. (1997) Diversity of precious metal mineralisation in footwall Cu-Ni-PGE deposits, Sudbury, Ontario: implications for hydrothermal models of formation. Canadian Mineralogist: 35: 817-839.

Ivanov, B.A. and Deutsch, A. (1999) Sudbury impact event: cratering mechanism and thermal history. In: Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution II (B.O. Dressler & L. Sharpton, editors). Geological Society of America Special Paper: 339: 389-398.

Keays, R.R. and Lightfoot, P.C. (1999) The role of meteorite impact, source rocks, protores and mafic magmas in the genesis of the Sudbury Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide ore deposits (R.R. Keays, C.M. Lesher, .C. Lightfoot and C.E.G. Farrow, editors) Geological Association of Canada Short Course Vol. 13: 329-366.

Watkinson, DH. (1999) Platinum-group element enrichment in Cu-Ni-rich sulfides from footwall deposits, Sudbury Igneous Complex, Canada. Chron. Recherche Minière: 535: 29-43.

Lightfoot, P.C., Keays, R.R., and Doherty, W. (2001) Chemical evolution and origin of nickel sulfide mineralization in the Sudbury Igneous Complex, Ontario, Canada. Economic Geology: 96: 1855-1875.

Morgan, J.W., Walker, R.J., Horan, M.F., Beary, E.S., and Naldrett, A.J. (2002) 190Pt-186Os and 187Re-187Os systematics of the Sudbury Igneous Complex, Ontario. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 66: 273-290.

Naldrett, A.J. (2005) A history of our understanding of magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits. Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 2069-2098. [Foster Twp., Conc.V, Lot 10]

Econ. Geol. 103 (2008) 1057-1077.


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