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Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenlandi
Regional Level Types
Black Angel MineMine
MaarmorilikVillage
AvannaataMunicipality
GreenlandAutonomous Territory

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PhotosMapsSearch
00616310014961505876869.jpg
Galena, etc.

Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenland
05347320014948743753082.jpg
Sphalerite, etc.

Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenland
08455470017060232852353.jpg
Palygorskite

Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenland
00616310014961505876869.jpg
Galena, etc.

Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenland
05347320014948743753082.jpg
Sphalerite, etc.

Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenland
08455470017060232852353.jpg
Palygorskite

Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenland
00616310014961505876869.jpg
Galena, etc.

Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenland
05347320014948743753082.jpg
Sphalerite, etc.

Black Angel Mine, Maarmorilik, Avannaata, Greenland
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
71° 7' 29'' North , 51° 16' 48'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
71.12478,-51.28020
GeoHash:
G#: fues95fgu
GRN:
N48W13
Type:
Mine
KΓΆppen climate type:
ET : Tundra
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Saattut211 (2018)37.1km
Mindat Locality ID:
8712
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:8712:7
GUID (UUID V4):
ae74d4cb-e4fe-4174-ae0e-b50862903b59
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Black Angel District
Other Languages:
Danish:
Sorte Engel Mine, Maamorilik, Avannaata Kommune, GrΓΈnland


Operated from 1973 to 1990. Known as one of the most unaccessible mines in the world. Reopened in 2010.

Paleoproterozoic hydrothermal Zn-Pb-Ag-rare metals mineralization. The ores are hosted by a greenschist-facies calcitic marble of the Marmorilik Formation of the Paleoproterozoic Karrat Group.
The origin of the deposit remains ambiguous (Horn et al., 2019). The deposit may be a metamorphosed carbonate-​hosted polymetallic Kipushi-​type deposit.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


25 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
β“˜ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
β“˜ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
β“˜ Briartite
Formula: Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
β“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
β“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
β“˜ Enargite
Formula: Cu3AsS4
β“˜ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
β“˜ 'Freibergite Subgroup'
Formula: (Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S0-1
β“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
References:
Pedersen, F. D. (1980) Remobilization of the massive sulfide ore of the Black Angel Mine, central West Greenland. Econonomic Geology, 75:1022-1041
Horn, S., Dziggel, A., Kolb, J., Sindern, S. (2019): Textural characteristics and trace element distribution in carbonate-​hosted Zn-​Pb-​Ag ores at the Paleoproterozoic Black Angel deposit, central West Greenland. Mineralium Deposita 54, 507-524.
Guarnieri, Pierpaolo, Sam T. Thiele, Nigel Baker, Erik V. SΓΈrensen, Moritz Kirsch, Sandra Lorenz, Diogo Rosa, Gabriel Unger, and Robert Zimmermann. (2022) "Unravelling the Deformation of Paleoproterozoic Marbles and Zn-Pb Ore Bodies by Combining 3D-Photogeology and Hyperspectral Data (Black Angel Mine, Central West Greenland)" Minerals 12, no. 7: 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070800
β“˜ Gold
Formula: Au
β“˜ Gold var. Electrum
Formula: (Au,Ag)
β“˜ Graphite
Formula: C
References:
Pedersen, F. D. (1980) Remobilization of the massive sulfide ore of the Black Angel Mine, central West Greenland. Econonomic Geology, 75:1022-1041
Horn, S., Dziggel, A., Kolb, J., Sindern, S. (2019): Textural characteristics and trace element distribution in carbonate-​hosted Zn-​Pb-​Ag ores at the Paleoproterozoic Black Angel deposit, central West Greenland. Mineralium Deposita 54, 507-524.
Guarnieri, Pierpaolo, Sam T. Thiele, Nigel Baker, Erik V. SΓΈrensen, Moritz Kirsch, Sandra Lorenz, Diogo Rosa, Gabriel Unger, and Robert Zimmermann. (2022) "Unravelling the Deformation of Paleoproterozoic Marbles and Zn-Pb Ore Bodies by Combining 3D-Photogeology and Hyperspectral Data (Black Angel Mine, Central West Greenland)" Minerals 12, no. 7: 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070800
β“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
β“˜ LΓΆllingite
Formula: FeAs2
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜ Palygorskite
Formula: ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Habit: fibrous sheet
Colour: white (stained brown)
Description: Foliated, paper-like sheet characteristic of "mountain leather". Could also be sepiolite.
References:
Ted Johnson collectionIdentification: Dealer/Collection Label
β“˜ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Polybasite
Formula: [Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
References:
Pedersen, F. D. (1980) Remobilization of the massive sulfide ore of the Black Angel Mine, central West Greenland. Econonomic Geology, 75:1022-1041
Horn, S., Dziggel, A., Kolb, J., Sindern, S. (2019): Textural characteristics and trace element distribution in carbonate-​hosted Zn-​Pb-​Ag ores at the Paleoproterozoic Black Angel deposit, central West Greenland. Mineralium Deposita 54, 507-524.
Guarnieri, Pierpaolo, Sam T. Thiele, Nigel Baker, Erik V. SΓΈrensen, Moritz Kirsch, Sandra Lorenz, Diogo Rosa, Gabriel Unger, and Robert Zimmermann. (2022) "Unravelling the Deformation of Paleoproterozoic Marbles and Zn-Pb Ore Bodies by Combining 3D-Photogeology and Hyperspectral Data (Black Angel Mine, Central West Greenland)" Minerals 12, no. 7: 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070800
β“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
β“˜ 'Scapolite'
β“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
References:
Pedersen, F. D. (1980) Remobilization of the massive sulfide ore of the Black Angel Mine, central West Greenland. Econonomic Geology, 75:1022-1041
Horn, S., Dziggel, A., Kolb, J., Sindern, S. (2019): Textural characteristics and trace element distribution in carbonate-​hosted Zn-​Pb-​Ag ores at the Paleoproterozoic Black Angel deposit, central West Greenland. Mineralium Deposita 54, 507-524.
Guarnieri, Pierpaolo, Sam T. Thiele, Nigel Baker, Erik V. SΓΈrensen, Moritz Kirsch, Sandra Lorenz, Diogo Rosa, Gabriel Unger, and Robert Zimmermann. (2022) "Unravelling the Deformation of Paleoproterozoic Marbles and Zn-Pb Ore Bodies by Combining 3D-Photogeology and Hyperspectral Data (Black Angel Mine, Central West Greenland)" Minerals 12, no. 7: 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070800
β“˜ Stannite
Formula: Cu2FeSnS4
β“˜ 'Tennantite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
β“˜ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
β“˜ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Gold1.AA.05Au
β“˜var. Electrum1.AA.05(Au,Ag)
β“˜Graphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
β“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
β“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
β“˜Stannite2.CB.15aCu2FeSnS4
β“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
β“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
β“˜LΓΆllingite2.EB.15aFeAs2
β“˜Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
β“˜'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
β“˜'Freibergite Subgroup'2.GB.05(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S0-1
β“˜'Tennantite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
β“˜Polybasite2.GB.15[Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]
β“˜Enargite2.KA.05Cu3AsS4
β“˜Briartite2.KA.10Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4
Group 3 - Halides
β“˜Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
β“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Anhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Tremolite9.DE.10β—»Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
β“˜Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Palygorskite9.EE.20β—»Al2Mg2β—»2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 Β· 4H2O
Unclassified
β“˜'Scapolite'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Hβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cβ“˜ GraphiteC
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Oβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Oβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgβ“˜ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Mgβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Alβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Siβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sβ“˜ BriartiteCu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4
Sβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sβ“˜ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Sβ“˜ Freibergite Subgroup(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S0-1
Sβ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sβ“˜ Polybasite[Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sβ“˜ StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Sβ“˜ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Sβ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caβ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Caβ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ RutileTiO2
FeIron
Feβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feβ“˜ BriartiteCu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4
Feβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feβ“˜ LΓΆllingiteFeAs2
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feβ“˜ StanniteCu2FeSnS4
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuβ“˜ BriartiteCu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4
Cuβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuβ“˜ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Cuβ“˜ Freibergite Subgroup(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S0-1
Cuβ“˜ Polybasite[Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]
Cuβ“˜ StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Cuβ“˜ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Cuβ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
ZnZinc
Znβ“˜ BriartiteCu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4
Znβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
GeGermanium
Geβ“˜ BriartiteCu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4
AsArsenic
Asβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asβ“˜ EnargiteCu3AsS4
Asβ“˜ LΓΆllingiteFeAs2
Asβ“˜ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
AgSilver
Agβ“˜ Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Agβ“˜ Freibergite Subgroup(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S0-1
Agβ“˜ Polybasite[Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]
SnTin
Snβ“˜ StanniteCu2FeSnS4
SbAntimony
Sbβ“˜ Freibergite Subgroup(Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C22+)Sb4S12S0-1
Sbβ“˜ Polybasite[Ag6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]
Sbβ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
AuGold
Auβ“˜ Gold var. Electrum(Au,Ag)
Auβ“˜ GoldAu
PbLead
Pbβ“˜ GalenaPbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North America PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Pedersen, F. D. & Christensen, K. (1978) Sorte Engel. Varv 1978 (2): 52-64
Pedersen, F. D. (1980) Remobilization of the massive sulfide ore of the Black Angel Mine, central West Greenland. Econonomic Geology, 75: 1022-1041.
Mining Annual Review (1985): 507.
Horn, S., Dziggel, A., Kolb, J., Sindern, S. (2019): Textural characteristics and trace element distribution in carbonate-​hosted Zn-​Pb-​Ag ores at the Paleoproterozoic Black Angel deposit, central West Greenland. Mineralium Deposita 54, 507-524.
Guarnieri, Pierpaolo, Sam T. Thiele, Nigel Baker, Erik V. SΓΈrensen, Moritz Kirsch, Sandra Lorenz, Diogo Rosa, Gabriel Unger, and Robert Zimmermann. (2022) "Unravelling the Deformation of Paleoproterozoic Marbles and Zn-Pb Ore Bodies by Combining 3D-Photogeology and Hyperspectral Data (Black Angel Mine, Central West Greenland)" Minerals 12, no. 7: 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070800
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