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Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy

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(Baratti (località di scorie), Piombino, Livorno, Toscana, Italia)

Etruscan metallurgical slags, tens of meters thick in some places, extend to the coastline in the Gulf of Baratti. The slags altered by sea water reveal many interesting Pb-Cu alteration minerals, similar to the Laurion (Greece) ones.

NB: A natural phase with chemical formula Pb2Fe3+Cl3(OH)4·H2O (Pasero et al., 1997) (Unnamed (Pb-Fe Chloride Hydroxide Hydrate)) was sampled on the Baratti beach. The proposal of definition of the new mineral was rejected by the IMA CNMMN, due to its anthropogenic origin. Therefore the phase, which has the acronym PFC due to the chemical formula, cannot be considered a mineral species. However, we think it useful to make a short mention of that phase here, since it could have been another Italian type mineral, if only it was discovered a few time before. In fact the definition of the nature of anthropogenic material, and the relevant guidelines, were set up by CNMMN in 1995 (Nickel, 1995). Collectors know the phase as "barattiite" ("barattite" is a synonym). Relevant references are
• Nickel, E.H. (1995): Definition of a mineral. European Journal of Mineralogy, 7, 1213-1215.
• Ciriotti, M.E., Faccio, L., Pasero, M. (2004): Italian Type Minerals. Felici Editore, Pisa, CD-ROM.




References:
- Franzini M., Perchiazzi N., Bartoli M. L., Chiappino L., 1992. Baratti (LI): una nuova località mineralogica italiana analoga al Laurion. Riv. Miner. Ital., 1-2: 1-14; 67-75.
- Franzini M., Perchiazzi N., 1992. I minerali delle scorie ferrifere etrusche di Baratti (Livorno). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie A, 99, 43-77.
- Cerutti, G., Preite, D. (1995): Mineralien der Etruskerschlacken von Baratti/Toskana. Lapis, 20(4), 13-18; 50. (in German)
- Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., Bigi, S., Franzini, M., Merlino, S. (1997): Pb2Fe3+Cl3(OH)4·H2O, a newly discovered natural phase from Tuscany, Italy: physico-chemical data, crystal structure, and OD character. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 43-51.
- Lapaire, J. & Bonifazi, M. (1997): Un nouveau minéral des scories étrusques de Baratti (Italie). Minéraux et Fossiles, Le Guide du Collectionneur, 23(257), 12-15.

- http://www.comune.pisa.it/apsn/Articoli/Scorie/Scorie.html
- http://www.comune.pisa.it/apsn/Articoli/Scorie/Baratti.htm





Mineral List:
  		•  Akaganeite
    β-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH,Cl)
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Alumohydrocalcite
    CaAl
     
    2
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Anglesite
    PbSO
     
    4
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Antlerite
    Cu
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Aragonite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Atacamite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|Cl]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
     
  		•  Aurichalcite
    (Zn,Cu)
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Azurite
    Cu
     
    3
    		[OH|CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Barstowite
    Pb
     
    4
    		[Cl
     
    6
    		|CO
     
    3
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Baryte
    BaSO
     
    4
    Reference: [Franzini & Perchiazzi, 1992. I minerali delle scorie ferrifere di Baratti (Livorno). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie A: 43-77]
  		•  Beudantite
    PbFe
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Boleite
    KPb
     
    26
    		Ag
     
    9
    		Cu
     
    24
    		(OH)
     
    48
    		Cl
     
    62
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Botallackite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|Cl]
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Brochantite
    Cu
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
     
  		•  Calcite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Caledonite
    Cu
     
    2
    		Pb
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|CO
     
    3
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Cerussite
    PbCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Chalcanthite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Chalcophyllite
    Cu
     
    18
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    9
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 33H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Chrysocolla
    (Cu,Al)
     
    2
    		H
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Connellite
    Cu
     
    19
    		[(OH)
     
    32
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|Cl
     
    4
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
     
  		•  Copper
    Cu
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © Marco Barsanti
  		•  Cotunnite
    PbCl
     
    2
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Covellite
    CuS
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Cumengeite
    Pb
     
    21
    		Cu
     
    20
    		Cl
     
    42
    		(OH)
     
    40
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Cuprite
    Cu
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Cyanotrichite
    Cu
     
    4
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    12
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Delafossite
    CuFeO
     
    2
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Diaboleite
    Pb
     
    2
    		CuCl
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Ecdemite
    Pb
     
    6
    		[As
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		|Cl
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Elyite
    Pb
     
    4
    		Cu(SO
     
    4
    		)O
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Ettringite
    Ca
     
    6
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 26H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Franzini & Perchiazzi, 1992. I minerali delle scorie ferrifere di Baratti (Livorno). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie A: 43-77]
  		•  Fayalite
    Fe
    2+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
     
  		•  Feroxyhyte
    Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter - Lithothek]
  		•  Ferrihydrite
    Fe
     
    5
    		O
     
    3
    		(OH)
     
    9
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Fiedlerite
    Pb
     
    3
    		Cl
     
    4
    		F(OH)·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Fluorite
    CaF
     
    2
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Galena
    PbS
    Reference: [Franzini et al., 1992. Baratti (LI): una nuova località mineralogica italiana analoga al Laurion. Riv. Miner. Ital., 1: 1-14.]
  		•  Georgiadèsite
    Pb
     
    16
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|Cl
     
    14
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Gerhardtite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|NO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Franzini & Perchiazzi, 1992. I minerali delle scorie ferrifere di Baratti (Livorno). Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie A: 43-77]
  		•  Goethite
    α-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Gypsum
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © Paolo Grosso
  		•  Halite
    NaCl
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Heliophyllite
    Pb
     
    3
    		AsO
     
    4-n
    		Cl
     
    2n+1
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Hematite
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Hemimorphite
    Zn
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Hydrocerussite
    Pb
     
    3
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Franzini et al., 1992. Baratti (LI): una nuova località mineralogica italiana analoga al Laurion. Riv. Miner. Ital., 1: 1-14.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Iodargyrite
    AgI
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Jarosite
    KFe
    3+
     
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Lanarkite
    Pb
     
    2
    		[O|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Langite
    Cu
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Laurionite
    PbClOH
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
     
  		•  Lead
    Pb
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
     
  		•  Leadhillite
    Pb
     
    4
    		SO
     
    4
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Linarite
    PbCu[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Litharge
    PbO
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Ludlockite
    PbFe
    3+
    4
    		As
    3+
    10
    		O
     
    22
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Malachite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
     
  		•  Mammothite
    Pb
     
    6
    		Cu
     
    4
    		AlSb[(OH)
     
    9
    		|Cl
     
    2
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Manganite
    Mn
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Matlockite
    PbFCl
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Namuwite
    (Zn,Cu)
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Nantokite
    CuCl
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © Paolo Grosso
  		•  Nealite
    Pb
     
    4
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		[Cl
     
    2
    		|AsO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Olivenite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Paralaurionite
    PbClOH
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Paratacamite
    Cu
     
    3
    		(Cu,Zn)[(OH)
     
    3
    		|Cl]
     
    2
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Penfieldite
    Pb
     
    2
    		[OH|Cl
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Phosgenite
    Pb
     
    2
    		[Cl
     
    2
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Plumbojarosite
    PbFe
    3+
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    4
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Posnjakite
    Cu
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Pseudoboleite
    Pb
     
    31
    		Cu
     
    24
    		Cl
     
    62
    		(OH)
     
    48
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Ramsbeckite
    (Cu,Zn)
     
    15
    		[(OH)
     
    22
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		] · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Rhodochrosite
    MnCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Schulenbergite
    (Cu,Zn)
     
    7
    		[(OH)
     
    10
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Serpierite
    Ca(Cu,Zn)
     
    4
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    6
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Siderite
    FeCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
  		•  Silver
    Ag
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Smithsonite
    ZnCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © De Nul, Richard
  		•  Spangolite
    Cu
     
    6
    		Al[(OH)
     
    12
    		|Cl|SO
     
    4
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Sulphur
    S
     
    8
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Susannite
    Pb
     
    4
    		SO
     
    4
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Thorikosite
    Pb
     
    3
    		[OH|(SbO
     
    3
    		,AsO
     
    3
    		)|Cl
     
    2
    		]
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek]
  		•  Unnamed (Pb-Fe Chloride Hydroxide Hydrate)
    Pb
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		Cl
     
    3
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pasero, M., Perchiazzi, N., Bigi, S., Franzini, M., Merlino, S. (1997): Pb2Fe3+Cl3(OH)4·H2O, a newly discovered natural phase from Tuscany, Italy: physico-chemical data, crystal structure, and OD character. European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 43-51.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Woodwardite
    Cu
     
    4
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    12
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · 2-4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lapis, 20 (4), 13-18+50.]
    Site Photo
    Baratti (slag locality), Piombino, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
    © luigi chiappino
  		•  Wroewolfeite
    Cu
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter - Lithothek]
  		•  Zincite
    (Zn,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)O
    Reference: [Muenchener Micromounter - Lithothek]


    87 entries listed. 85 valid minerals.

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