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Russia

StandardDetailedBy ChemistryMineral Photos (4048)Site Photos (81)Other Photos (1)Search GoogleMineral Report for Region

Note: Russia is divided into one avtonomnaya oblast' (autonomous region); seven avtonomnyy okrug (autonomous province); two gorod ([federal] cities); seven kray (territory); 48 oblast' (region); and 21 respublika (republic).



References:
- Koksharov, N. von (1853) Materialien zur Mineralogie Russlands. 11 volumes with atlas: vol. 1 (1853); vol. 2 (1854-57); vol. 3 (1858); vol. 4 (1862); vol. 5 (1866); vol. 6 (1870); vol. 7 (1875); vol. 8 (1878); vol. 9 (1884); vol. 10 (1888); vol. 11 (1891).
- Davidson, E. (1897): Der Bergbau in Rußland. Zeitschrift für das Berg-, Hütten- und Salinenwesen, Bd. 45, 90-130. (in German)
- Pekov, I. V. (1998): Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union. Ocean Pictures Ltd., Moscow, 369 pp.
- Kolesar, P. & Tvrdý, J. (2006): Zarenschätze – Mineralien & Fundstellen in Russland. Bode Verlag, Haltern, Germany, approx. 700 pp. (in German)

- http://www.statoids.com/uru.html
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia (established in 2000)
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia




Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities


Mineral List:
  		•  Acanthite
    Ag
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [http://www.infomine.com/press_releases/wpn/pr111097wpn.html]
  		•  Actinolite
    ☐Ca
     
    2
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		(Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		)(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Actinolite
    var: Nephrite
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Aldan Shield, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Crater Rock Museum
  		•  Adamite
    Zn
     
    2
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
    Reference: [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    Site Photo
    Brenner Mine, Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © 2001 John H. Betts
  		•  'Adigeite'
    Reference: [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]
  		•  'Adularia'
    KAlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Aegirine
    NaFe
    3+
     
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Vishnevye (Vishnyovye) Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © INS
  		•  Aegirine-augite
    (Na,Ca)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Al)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: []
  		•  Aeschynite-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		(O,OH)
     
    6
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Aeschynite-(Y)
    (Y,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		(O,OH)
     
    6
    Reference: [no reference]
  		•  Afwillite
    Ca
     
    3
    		[HSiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [A. E. Zadov data]
  		•  Agrellite
    NaCa
     
    2
    		[F|Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Aguilarite
    Ag
     
    4
    		SeS
    Reference: [http://www.infomine.com/press_releases/wpn/pr111097wpn.html]
  		•  Aikinite
    PbCuBiS
     
    3
    Reference: [Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.]
  		•  Akaganeite
    β-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH,Cl)
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Akdalaite
    4Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    		 · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Åkermanite
    Ca
     
    2
    		Mg[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Akhtenskite
    ε-Mn
    4+
     
    		O
     
    2
    Reference: [J. W. Anthony et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. III (1997)]
  		•  Aktashite (TL)
    Cu
     
    6
    		Hg
     
    3
    		As
     
    4
    		S
     
    12
    Type Locality: Aktashskoye Sb-Hg deposit, Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast'), Western-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Aktashskoye Sb-Hg deposit, Altai Republic (Gorno-Altayskaya Autonomous Oblast'), Western-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Brent Thorne 2009
  		•  Alabandite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		S
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Alacránite (TL)
    As
     
    8
    		S
     
    9
    Type Locality: Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [ZVMO,(1986) 115, 360-368; Bonazzi, P., Bindi, L., Popova, V., Pratesi, G. & Menchetti, S. (2003): Alacranite, As8S9: Structural study of the holotype and re-assignment of the original chemical formula. American Mineralogist 88, 1796-1800. ]
    Site Photo
    Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Thomas Witzke
  		•  Alarsite (TL)
    Al[AsO
     
    4
    		]
    Type Locality: Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [DAN,(1994) 338, n4, 501-505; MinRec 27:201]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Albite
    Na[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Polar Urals, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Kristalle and Crys
  		•  Albite
    var: Andesine
    (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Albite
    var: Oligoclase
    (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  'Albite-Anorthite Series'
    Reference: []
  		•  Al-chamosite
    Reference: [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]
  		•  'Alexjejewite'
    Reference: [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]
  		•  'Allanite'
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Ilmen Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
     
  		•  Allanite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Allargentum
    (Ag
     
    1-x
    		Sb
     
    x
    		)
    Reference: [Simanenko, L.F. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(4), 290-303]
  		•  Allophane
    (Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    		)(SiO
     
    2
    		)
     
    1.3-2
    		·2.5-3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
  		•  Allophane
    var: Ferriallophane
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Almandine
    Fe
    2+
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Polar Urals, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Joseph A. Freilich, LLC
  		•  Alstonite
    BaCa(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Altaite
    PbTe
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Altisite
    Na
     
    3
    		K
     
    6
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    26
    		Cl
     
    3
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Aluminite
    Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · 7H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 601.]
  		•  Aluminium (TL)
    Al
    Type Locality: Billeekh Intrusion, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols]
    Site Photo
    Kumak ore field, Orenburgskaya Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  'Alumoferroascharite'
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Alumohydrocalcite (TL)
    CaAl
     
    2
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Potekhina Village, Sorsk, Khakassia Republic (Khakassy Republic; Khakassiya Republic), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 281.; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Alumoklyuchevskite (TL)
    K
     
    3
    		Cu
     
    3
    		(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[O|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
     
    2
    Type Locality: Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Description: From thesecond cone of the Northern Breakthrough.
    Reference: [AmMin 84:685]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Thomas Witzke
  		•  Alunite
    KAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
  		•  Alunogen
    Al
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·17H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
  		•  'Amber'
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Amber mine, Jantarny (Yantarny; Palmnicken), Kaliningradskaya Oblast', North-Western Region, Russia
    © 2005 - S.Menig
  		•  Amesite
    Mg
     
    2
    		Al[(OH)
     
    4
    		|AlSiO
     
    5
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  'Amphibole Group'
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Amphibole Group
    var: Uralite
    Reference: [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
  		•  Analcime
    Na
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Nizhnyaya Tunguska River Basin (Lower Tunguska River), Evenkia (Evenkiyskiy Autonomous okrug), Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krasnoyarsk Kray; Krasnoyarskii Krai), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2002 John H. Betts
  		•  Anapaite (TL)
    Ca
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Zheleznyi Rog (Zheleznaya balka), Anapa, Taman Peninsula, Krasnodarskiy Kray, Russia
    Reference: [Nikita Vladimirovich Chukanov (2005) Kerch Iron-Ore Basin. Mineralogical Almanac vol 8, 112pp.]
    Site Photo
    Zheleznyi Rog (Zheleznaya balka), Anapa, Taman Peninsula, Krasnodarskiy Kray, Russia
    © vasco trancoso
  		•  Anatase
    TiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Lapis 1995:3 p13-35]
    Site Photo
    Udacha pegmatite field, Aldan province, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Anatase
    var: Gel-Anatase
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  'Ancylite'
    Reference: [Mineralien Welt 6/92:62]
  		•  Ancylite-(Ce)
    SrCe[OH|(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Ancylite-(La)
    Sr(La,Ce)[OH|(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Andalusite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Andradite
    Ca
     
    3
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Urals Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Andradite
    var: Demantoid
    Reference: [MinRec 32:42]
    Site Photo
    Kakodino, Urals Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Andradite
    var: Melanite
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Tagliabue-Foschi
  		•  'Andradite-Grossular Series'
    Reference: [Gvozdev, V.I. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(3), 215-226.]
  		•  'Anduoite-Omeiite Series'
    Reference: [www.cosis.net/abstracts/EAE03/14099/EAE03-A-14099.pdf.]
  		•  Anglesite
    PbSO
     
    4
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Anhydrite
    CaSO
     
    4
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Ankerite
    Ca(Fe
    2+
     
    		 ,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Annabergite
    Ni
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Annite
    KFe
    2+
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Anorthite
    Ca[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Anorthite
    var: Bytownite
    (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Anorthite
    var: Labradorite
    (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Anorthoclase
    (Na,K)[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Antarcticite
    CaCl
     
    2
    		 · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.]
  		•  Anthophyllite
    ☐[Mg
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    5
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Antigorite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Antimony
    Sb
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Anyuiite (TL)
    Au(Pb,Sb)
     
    2
    Type Locality: Bol'shoi Anyui River Basin, Kolyma area, Chukotskii Autonomous Okrug, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Extra Lapis English No. 5 Gold; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  'Apatite'
    Reference: [MinRec 32:41]
    Site Photo
    Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  'Apatite
    var: Cerapatite'
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  'Apatite
    var: Phosphorite'
    Reference: [Tsekhovskii, Y.G., Lavrushin, V.Y., Kuleshov, V.N., Shchepetova, E.V., Stukalova, I.E., Nosik, L.P., Prokof’ev, V.Y., and Areshin, A.V. (2002): Lithology and Mineral Resources 37(3), 210-227.]
  		•  Apatite-(CaCl)
    Ca
     
    5
    		[Cl|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Apatite-(CaF)
    Ca
     
    5
    		[F|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Lake Baikal area, Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2001 John H. Betts
  		•  Apatite-(CaF)
    var: Carbonate-rich Apatite-(CaF)
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(F,O)|(PO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Apatite-(CaF)
    var: Francolite
    Reference: []
  		•  Apatite-(CaF)
    var: Mn-bearing Apatite-(CaF)
    (Ca,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		(F,Cl,OH) or Ca
     
    5
    		([P,Mn
    3+
     
    		]O
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		(F,Cl,OH)
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Veshnyakovskoe (Elash) Rb-Ta deposit, Eastern Sayan, Sayan Mts, Southern Siberia, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Apatite-(CaF)
    var: Saamite
    (Ca,Sr,REE)
     
    5
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		(F,O)
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © 2002 John H. Betts
  		•  Apatite-(CaOH)
    Ca
     
    5
    		[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Tomtor Massif, Polar Yakutia, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Apatite-(CaOH)
    var: Carbonate-rich Apatite-(CaOH)
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(OH,O)|(PO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Apatite-(SrOH)
    (Sr,Ca)
     
    5
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		(OH,F)
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Aphthitalite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		Na(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Aplowite
    (Co,Mn,Ni)SO
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest Cobalt-Containing Sulfates from the South Ural, Russia", 5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2.]
  		•  'Apophyllite'
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Apophyllite-(KF)
    KCa
     
    4
    		[(F,OH)|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		] · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:9]
  		•  Apophyllite-(KOH)
    KCa
     
    4
    		[(OH,F)|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		] · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Aragonite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Arcanite
    K
     
    2
    		SO
     
    4
    Reference: [Diederik Visser List #39, July 2006]
  		•  Arctite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    4
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		F
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Arfvedsonite
    [Na][Na
     
    2
    		][Fe
    2+
    4
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Argentopentlandite (TL)
    Ag(Fe,Ni)
     
    8
    		S
     
    8
    Type Locality: Khovu-Aksy Ni-Co Deposit (Khovu-Asky), Tuva Republic, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [ZVMO,(1977) 106, 688-691]
  		•  Argyrodite
    Ag
     
    8
    		GeS
     
    6
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Armalcolite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)Ti
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Armenite
    BaCa
     
    2
    		Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    9
    		O
     
    30
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Arsenic
    As
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Arsenopyrite
    FeAsS - (Fe
     
    0.90
    		Co
     
    0.10
    		)AsS
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Arsenosulvanite
    Cu
     
    3
    		(As,V)S
     
    4
    Reference: [Am Min 79:750-762.]
  		•  Asbolane
    (Ni,Co)
     
    2-x
    		Mn
    4+
     
    		(O,OH)
     
    4
    		 · nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 26]
  		•  Aspidolite
    NaMg
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: []
  		•  Astrophyllite
    (K,Na)
     
    3
    		(Fe,Mn)
     
    7
    		Ti
     
    2
    		Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(O,OH)
     
    7
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Jorge M. Alves
  		•  Atacamite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|Cl]
    Reference: [Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 29]
  		•  Atlasovite (TL)
    K(BiO)Cu
     
    6
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		[Cl|O
     
    3
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    5
    		]
    Type Locality: Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [ZVMO,(1987) 116, 358-367; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Augelite
    Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [AmMin 85:200]
  		•  Augite
    (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ti)[(Si,Al)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Augite
    var: Fassaite
    Reference: [Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.]
  		•  Aurichalcite
    (Zn,Cu)
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © JSS
  		•  Auroantimonate
    AuSbO
     
    3
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Aurostibite
    AuSb
     
    2
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Autunite
    Ca(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·11H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Avdoninite
    K
     
    2
    		Cu
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|Cl
     
    8
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Am Min 2009 p1076]
  		•  Averievite (TL)
    Cu
     
    6
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Cl
     
    2
    		|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    Type Locality: Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Min.Mag.(1997) 61, 441-446]
  		•  Avogadrite
    (K,Cs)[BF
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 32]
  		•  Awaruite
    Ni
     
    3
    		Fe
    Reference: [MinRec 31:201]
    Site Photo
    Onot river, Eastern Sayan, Sayan Mts, Southern Siberia, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  'Axinite'
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Axinite-(Fe)
    Ca
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Al
     
    2
    		[OH|BSi
     
    4
    		O
     
    15
    		]
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Polar Urals, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
    © fabreminerals.com
  		•  Axinite-(Mn)
    Ca
     
    2
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		Al
     
    2
    		[OH|BSi
     
    4
    		O
     
    15
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:9]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Edwards Minerals
  		•  Azovskite
    Fe
    3+
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
     
    6
    		 or near
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 796.]
  		•  Azurite
    Cu
     
    3
    		[OH|CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © Oleg Lopatkin
  		•  Babingtonite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Fe,Mn)FeSi
     
    5
    		O
     
    14
    		(OH)
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Baddeleyite
    ZrO
     
    2
    Reference: []
  		•  Bafertisite
    Ba(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Ti[O|(O,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  'Baikerite'
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Balyakinite (TL)
    CuTeO
     
    3
    Type Locality: Aginsk deposit (Aginskoye deposit), Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Aginsk deposit (Aginskoye deposit), Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Brent Thorne 2008
  		•  Banalsite
    BaNa
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Bariopyrochlore
    (Ba,Sr)
     
    2-x
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    2
    		(O,OH)
     
    7
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/vuori.htm]
  		•  Baryte
    BaSO
     
    4
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    "The Nickel" mine, Adygea (Adygeya) Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    © 2004 GreatZen
  		•  Barytocalcite
    BaCa(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Sorokhtina, N.V., Chukanov, N.V., Voloshin, A.V., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Bogdanova, A.N., and Moiseev, M.M. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(7), 620-628.]
  		•  Barytolamprophyllite
    (Ba,Na)
     
    2
    		(Na,Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Ti
     
    2
    		[O|(OH,F)|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Bassanite
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 0.5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Thomas Witzke
  		•  'Bastnäsite'
    Reference: []
  		•  Bastnäsite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La)[F|CO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  'Bauxite'
    Reference: []
  		•  Bavenite
    Ca
     
    4
    		Be
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    9
    		O
     
    26
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [P.Kolesar and J.Tvrdý, Zarenschätze, Mineralien und Fundstellen in Russland. Page 592-593]
    Site Photo
    Ermakovskoe Be Deposit, Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic, Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Leon Hupperichs
  		•  Bayerite
    Al(OH)
     
    3
    Reference: []
  		•  Beaverite
    Pb(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Cu,Al)
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Bill Shelton (2009) Mineral News, 25, #8, 15.]
  		•  'Bedenite'
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Beegerite
    Pb
     
    6
    		Bi
     
    2
    		S
     
    9
    Reference: [Groznova, E.O., Dobrovol’skaya, M.G., Kovalenker, V.A., Davydov, K.V., Bitarov, V.T., and Razin, M.V. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(2), 108-133.]
  		•  Beidellite
    (Na,Ca
     
    0.5
    		)
     
    0.3
    		Al
     
    2
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
  		•  Belkovite (TL)
    Ba
     
    3
    		(Nb,Ti)
     
    6
    		[O
     
    6
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    Type Locality: Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Neues Jb. Min,Mh.(1991) 23-31; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  'Belomorite'
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Chupa pegmatite field, Northern Karelia, Karelia Republic, Northern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Belovite-(La)
    NaSr
     
    3
    		(La,Ce)[(F,OH)|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Belyankinite
    Ca
     
    1-2
    		(Ti,Zr,Nb)
     
    5
    		O
     
    12
    		 · 9H
     
    2
    		O (?)
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Benstonite
    (Ba,Sr)
     
    6
    		(Ca,Mn)
     
    6
    		Mg(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    13
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Malyi Murun Massif (Malomurunskiy; Maly Murun alkaline pluton), Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Ł Kruszewski 08
  		•  Berborite
    Be
     
    2
    		[(OH,F)|BO
     
    3
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Berthierine
    (Fe,Fe,Mg)
     
    2-3
    		(Si,Al)
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Berthierite
    FeSb
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    Reference: []
  		•  Bertrandite
    Be
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Bertrandite
    var: Gel-Betrandite
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Beryl
    Be
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Polar Urals, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Vitezslav Snasel
  		•  Beryl
    var: Aquamarine
    Be
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Urals Region, Russia
    © 2002 John H. Betts
  		•  Beryllite
    Be
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Beryllite
    var: Metaberyllite
    Be
     
    3
    		SiO
     
    5
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O (?)
    Reference: []
  		•  Betafite
    (Ca,U)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		(OH)
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Betekhtinite
    Cu
     
    10
    		(Fe,Pb)S
     
    6
    Reference: [http://maurice.strahlen.org/kavkaz/kavkaz.htm]
  		•  Beudantite
    PbFe
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Beyerite
    Ca(BiO)
     
    2
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
  		•  Bezsmertnovite (TL)
    (Au,Ag)
     
    4
    		Cu(Te,Pb)
    Type Locality: Aginsk deposit (Aginskoye deposit), Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Extra Lapis English No. 5 Gold]
  		•  Bianchite
    (Zn,Fe)SO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest Cobalt-Containing Sulfates from the South Ural, Russia", 5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2.]
  		•  Bieberite
    CoSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest Cobalt-Containing Sulfates from the South Ural, Russia", 5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2.]
  		•  Bilibinskite (TL)
    PbCuAu
     
    3
    		Te
     
    2
    Type Locality: Aginsk deposit (Aginskoye deposit), Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Extra Lapis English No. 5 Gold; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Biotite
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Birnessite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    0.5
    		(Mn
    4+
     
    		,Mn
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    		 · 1.5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Bischofite
    MgCl
     
    2
    		 · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Bismite
    Bi
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.]
  		•  Bismoclite
    BiOCl
    Reference: [Zelenski, M. & Bortnikova, S. (2005): Sublimate speciation at Mutnovsky volcano, Kamchatka. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17, 107-118.]
  		•  Bismuth
    Bi
    Reference: [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
  		•  Bismuthinite
    Bi
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Bismuthinite
    var: Horobetsuite
    (Bi,Sb)
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [Pavlova, G.G., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 164-185.]
  		•  Bismutite
    (BiO)
     
    2
    		CO
     
    3
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Bismutite
    var: Hydrobismutite
    (BiO)
     
    2
    		CO
     
    3
    		·2-3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.]
  		•  'Bitumen'
    Reference: [Voroshin, S.V., Tyukova, E.E., and Gibsher, N.A. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 215-236.]
  		•  Blödite
    Na
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.]
    Site Photo
    Astrakhan', Astrakhan' Oblast', Volga Region, Russia
    © 2008, JGW
  		•  Bogdanovite (TL)
    (Au,Te,Pb)
     
    3
    		(Cu,Fe)
    Type Locality: Aginsk deposit (Aginskoye deposit), Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Extra Lapis English No. 5 Gold; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Bohdanowiczite
    AgBiSe
     
    2
    Reference: [V.A. Kovalenker, O.Yu. Plotinskaya (2005): Te and Se mineralogy of Ozernovskoe and Prasolovskoe epithermal gold deposits, Kuril – Kamchatka volcanic belt. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology 43, 118-123. [http://www.geology.bas.bg/mineralogy/gmp_files/gmp43/Kovalenker.pdf]
  		•  Böhmite
    AlO(OH)
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Bonattite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © 2005 M. Kampf
  		•  Bonshtedtite (TL)
    Na
     
    3
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		[PO
     
    4
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
    Type Locality: Kovdor Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Boothite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [ http://maurice.strahlen.org/minerals/boothite.htm.]
  		•  Boracite
    Mg
     
    3
    		[Cl|B
     
    7
    		O
     
    13
    		]
    Reference: [Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.]
  		•  Bornemanite
    Na
     
    6
    		[]BaTi
     
    2
    		Nb(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)O
     
    2
    		(OH)F
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Bornite
    Cu
     
    5
    		FeS
     
    4
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Borovskite (TL)
    Pd
     
    3
    		SbTe
     
    4
    Type Locality: Khautovaara Cu-Ni Deposit, Suoyarvi, Karelia Republic, Northern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Boulangerite
    Pb
     
    5
    		Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    11
    Reference: [Lapis 1995:3 p13-35]
  		•  Boulangerite
    var: Cuprian Boulangerite
    (Pb,Cu)
     
    5
    		Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    11
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Bournonite
    PbCuSbS
     
    3
    Reference: [Mironov, A.G., Zhmodik, S.M., Kolesov, G.M., Mit’kin, V.N., Damdinov, B.B., and Zayakina, S.B. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(1), 41-59.]
  		•  Bowieite
    (Rh,Ir,Pt)
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Mount Filipp, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © 2008, JGW
  		•  Bradaczekite (TL)
    NaCu
     
    4
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    Type Locality: Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Can.Min.(2001) 39, 1115-1119; MinRec 33:161]
  		•  Brannerite
    (U
    4+
     
    		,Ca)(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: [Solodov, I.N., Chertok, M.B., Ganina, N.I., and Shulik, L.S. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(1), 61-73.]
  		•  Brass
    Cu
     
    3
    		Zn
    Reference: [AmMin 85:1845]
  		•  Braunite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Mn
    3+
    6
    		[O
     
    8
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 27:306]
  		•  Breithauptite
    NiSb
    Reference: [Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990]
  		•  Britholite-(Ce)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Ce,Ca)
     
    3
    		[(OH,F)|(SiO
     
    4
    		,PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Britholite-(Y)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Y,Ca)
     
    3
    		[(OH,F)|(SiO
     
    4
    		,PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Brochantite
    Cu
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Brockite
    (Ca,Th,Ce)(PO
     
    4
    		)·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Brookite
    TiO
     
    2
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
    Site Photo
    Dodo Mine, Tyumenskaya Oblast', Polar Urals, Western-Siberian Region, Russia
    © M Arliguie
  		•  Brucite
    Mg(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Schreyer et al (1998), Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 133: 382-388.]
  		•  Brushite
    CaHPO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Bultfonteinite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[F|HSiO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1361–1370, 2009]
  		•  Burbankite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    3
    		(Sr,Ba,Ce)
     
    3
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    5
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Bursaite
    Pb
     
    5
    		Bi
     
    4
    		S
     
    11
    Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy]
  		•  Bustamite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)[SiO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435]
  		•  Cadmium
    Cd
    Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols]
  		•  Cadmoselite (TL)
    CdSe
    Type Locality: Ust' Uyok (Ust'-Uyuk) deposit, Turan District, Tuva Republic, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [ZVMO,(1957) 86, 626-628; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Ust' Uyok (Ust'-Uyuk) deposit, Turan District, Tuva Republic, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2007, JGW
  		•  Calcioancylite-(Ce)
    (Ca,Sr)Ce(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		OH·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 292.]
  		•  Calcioburbankite
    Na
     
    3
    		(Ca,REE,Sr)
     
    3
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    5
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Calcio-Olivine (TL)
    Ca
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Type Locality: Lakargi Mt., Verkhnechegemskaya (Upper Chegem) volcanic structure, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    Reference: [Zadov, A.E. et al., Doklady Earth Science 423A, 1431 (2008); Zadov A.E., Gazeyev V.M., Pertsev N.N., Gurbanov A.G., Gobechiya E.R., Yamnova N.A., Chukanov N.V. (2008) Calcioolivine gamma-Ca2SiO4 - an old and new mineral species. - ZVMO, N6, pp. 46-57 (in Rus.).]
  		•  Calcite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Pavlova, G.G., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 164-185.]
    Site Photo
    Russia
    © johns schulz
  		•  Calcite
    var: Manganoan Calcite
    (Ca,Mn)CO
     
    3
    Reference: [http://library.iem.ac.ru/can-min/vol34/cm2/zaitsev.html.]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © 2001 John H. Betts
  		•  Calcite
    var: Nickeloan Calcite
    (Ca,Ni)[CO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data]
    Site Photo
    Podol'sk, Moscow Oblast' (Moscovskaya Oblast'), Central Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Calomel
    Hg
     
    2
    		Cl
     
    2
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Calzirtite (TL)
    CaZr
     
    3
    		TiO
     
    9
    Type Locality: Gornoe Ozero alkaline-ultrabasic Massif, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Gornoozerskii (Gornoe Ozero) carbonatite complex, Aldan province, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Cancrinite
    Na
     
    6
    		Ca
     
    2
    		[(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    24
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Vishnevye (Vishnyovye) Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Canfieldite
    Ag
     
    8
    		(Sn,Ge)(S,Te)
     
    6
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Cannizzarite
    Pb
     
    4
    		Bi
     
    6
    		S
     
    13
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1312–1324, 2009; American Mineralogist, Volume 91, pages 21-–28, 2006]
  		•  Carbocernaite (TL)
    (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Type Locality: Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Carnallite
    KMgCl
     
    3
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.]
  		•  Carnotite
    K
     
    2
    		(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [L.B. Larichev, V.A. Oznobikhin & E.V. Petrosyan data]
  		•  Carrollite
    Cu(Co,Ni)
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Cassiterite
    SnO
     
    2
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Merekski ore District, Burea Massif, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Collectors Edge
  		•  Cassiterite
    var: Wood Tin
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Dzhalinda Sn Deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Catapleiite
    Na
     
    2
    		Zr[Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    9
    		]·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Cebaite-(Ce)
    Ba
     
    3
    		Ce
     
    2
    		[F
     
    2
    		|(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    5
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Cebollite
    Ca
     
    5
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    12
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		 or near
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Celadonite
    K(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
    Site Photo
    Mikhailovskoe Fe deposit, Kursk Manet Anomaly group, Kurskaya Oblast', Central Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Celestine
    SrSO
     
    4
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Celestine
    var: Barian Celestine
    (Sr,Ba)SO
     
    4
    Reference: [Nikiforov, A.V., Bolonin, A.V., Pokrovsky, B.G., Sugorakova, A.M., Chugaev, A.V., and Lykhin, D.A. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(4), 256-276.]
  		•  Celsian
    Ba[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Cerianite-(Ce)
    (Ce
    4+
     
    		,Th)O
     
    2
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Ceriopyrochlore-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca,Y)
     
    2
    		(Nb,Ta)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		(OH,F)
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Katugin Ta-­Nb deposit (Katuginskoye deposit), Chitinskaya Oblast', Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Cerite-(Ce)
    (Ce,Ca)
     
    9
    		(Fe,Mg)(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		[SiO
     
    3
    		(OH)]
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    3
    Reference: [Kapustin Yu.L. (1989) Cerite and ternebohmite from fenites of alkaline massifs of Tuva, - Zapiski VMO, 118(4), p. 47-56 (in Rus.)]
  		•  Cerussite
    PbCO
     
    3
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Urals Region, Russia
    © J.Ralph 2004
  		•  'Chabazite'
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Nizhnyaya Tunguska River Basin (Lower Tunguska River), Evenkia (Evenkiyskiy Autonomous okrug), Krasnoyarsk Territory (Krasnoyarsk Kray; Krasnoyarskii Krai), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Fabrizio Frattini
  		•  Chabazite-Ca
    (Ca,K
     
    2
    		,Na
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 12H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Chabazite-K
    (K
     
    2
    		,Ca,Na
     
    2
    		,Sr,Mg)
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 12H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Chalcanthite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  'Chalcedony'
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
    Site Photo
    Staraya Sitnya, Moscow Oblast' (Moscovskaya Oblast'), Central Region, Russia
    © Lopatkin Oleg
  		•  'Chalcedony
    var: Agate'
    SiO
     
    2
    Reference: [http://www.pegmatite.ru/My_Collection/mn/agate_lg.jpg]
    Site Photo
    Staraya Sitnya, Moscow Oblast' (Moscovskaya Oblast'), Central Region, Russia
    © Lopatkin Oleg
  		•  'Chalcedony
    var: Petrified Wood'
    Reference: [Shumilov, I.K. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 763-771.]
  		•  Chalcocite
    Cu
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Chalcocyanite
    CuSO
     
    4
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Chalcophanite
    (Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
     
    3
    		O
     
    7
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Chalcophyllite
    Cu
     
    18
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    9
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 33H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1009.]
  		•  Chalcopyrite
    CuFeS
     
    2
    Reference: [Pavlova, G.G., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 164-185.]
    Site Photo
    2nd Sovietskii Mine (2nd Sovietskiy Mine), Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Chalcostibite
    CuSbS
     
    2
    Reference: [Pavlova, G.G., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 164-185.]
  		•  Chamosite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    5
    		Al[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Chegemite (TL)
    Ca
     
    7
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Type Locality: Lakargi Mt., Verkhnechegemskaya (Upper Chegem) volcanic structure, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    Reference: [IMA website - Nov. 2008 approvals]
    Site Photo
    Lakargi Mt., Verkhnechegemskaya (Upper Chegem) volcanic structure, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    © E.Galuskin
  		•  Chelyabinskite
    (Ca,Mg)
     
    3
    		[(SO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		|Si(OH)
     
    6
    		] · 9H
     
    2
    		O (?)
    Reference: []
  		•  Cherepanovite
    RhAs
    Reference: [AmMin 84:195]
  		•  Chernovite-(Y)
    YAsO
     
    4
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  'Chevkinite'
    (Ca,Ce,Th)
     
    4
    		(Fe,Mn)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe)
     
    3
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    22
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Chevkinite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Ca,Th)
     
    4
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[O
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Vishnevye (Vishnyovye) Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Chlorargyrite
    AgCl
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  'Chlorite Group'
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Chlormagaluminite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    12
    		|(Cl
     
    2
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.]
  		•  Chlorothionite
    K
     
    2
    		Cu[Cl
     
    2
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Chondrodite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Chromferide
    Fe
     
    3
    		Cr
     
    1-x
    		 (x=0.6)
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Chromite
    FeCr
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © CCURTO08
  		•  'Chromite-Magnesiochromite Series'
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Chrysoberyl
    BeAl
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Chrysoberyl
    var: Alexandrite
    Reference: [MinRec 32:41]
  		•  Chrysocolla
    (Cu,Al)
     
    2
    		H
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Chrysotile
    Mg
     
    3
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Chukanovite (TL)
    Fe
    2+
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
    Type Locality: Dronino meteorite, Kasimov District, Ryazanskaya Oblast', North-Western Region, Russia
    Reference: [IMA website; Pekov, I.V. et al (2007) European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 891-898.]
  		•  Chukhrovite-(Ce) (TL)
    Ca
     
    3
    		(Ce,Y)[F|SO
     
    4
    		|(AlF
     
    6
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 10H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Yaroslavskoye Sn Deposit, Voznesenka ore District, Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [ZVMO (1973) 102/2, 200-202; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Chukhrovite-(Y)
    Ca
     
    3
    		(Y,Ce)[F|SO
     
    4
    		|(AlF
     
    6
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 10H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [P.M. Karashov data]
  		•  Cinnabar
    HgS
    Reference: [Pavlova, G.G., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 164-185.]
  		•  Clausthalite
    PbSe
    Reference: [Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990]
  		•  'Clay'
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 835.]
  		•  Clinobehoite
    Be(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: []
  		•  Clinochlore
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		Al[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Irkutsk, Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © J.Ralph
  		•  Clinochlore
    var: Chromian Clinochlore
    Mg
     
    5
    		(Al,Cr)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    Reference: [F. Zaccarini et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 545-562 (2004).]
  		•  Clinochlore
    var: Ripidolite
    (Mg,Fe,Al)
     
    6
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    Reference: [Mineralien Welt 6/92:62]
  		•  Clinochrysotile
    Reference: []
  		•  Clinoferrosilite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Clinoholmquistite
    [ ][Li
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    11
    		]
    Reference: [AM 63 (1978), 1023; HB2/1 (1995); MM 61 (1997), 295]
  		•  Clinohumite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    9
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  'Clinoptilolite'
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
  		•  'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
    Reference: [www.venuewest.com/8IKC/s2post.htm.]
  		•  Clinozoisite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Clintonite
    Ca(Mg,Al)
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    3
    		SiO
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  'Coal'
    Reference: []
  		•  Cobaltite
    CoAsS
    Reference: [Lapis 1995:3 p13-35]
  		•  'Cobaltite-Gersdorffite Series'
    Reference: [Voroshin, S.V., Tyukova, E.E., and Gibsher, N.A. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(3), 215-236.]
  		•  Cobaltpentlandite
    (Co,Ni,Fe)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Coffinite
    (U,Th)[(OH)
     
    4x
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    1-x
    		]
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Coloradoite
    HgTe
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Columbite
    (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Columbite-(Fe)
    FeNb
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  'Columbite-Tantalite'
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Colusite
    Cu
     
    26
    		V
     
    2
    		(As,Sn,Sb)
     
    6
    		S
     
    32
    Reference: [V.A. Kovalenker, O.Yu. Plotinskaya (2005): Te and Se mineralogy of Ozernovskoe and Prasolovskoe epithermal gold deposits, Kuril – Kamchatka volcanic belt. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology 43, 118-123. [http://www.geology.bas.bg/mineralogy/gmp_files/gmp43/Kovalenker.pdf]
  		•  Conichalcite
    CaCu[OH|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 808.]
  		•  Cookeite
    LiAl
     
    4
    		(Si
     
    3
    		Al)O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    Reference: [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
  		•  Cooperite
    (Pt,Pd,Ni)S
    Reference: []
  		•  Copper
    Cu
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © RWMW
  		•  Cordierite
    (Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Cordylite-(Ce)
    (Na,Ca)BaCe
     
    2
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    4
    		F
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/vuori.htm; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Corundum
    Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Nizhnii Tagil, Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © Vitezslav Snasel
  		•  Corundum
    var: Ruby
    Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [MinRec 28:132]
    Site Photo
    Khit Ostrov (Khit Island), Northern Karelia, Karelia Republic, Northern Region, Russia
    © 2002 John H. Betts
  		•  Corundum
    var: Sapphire
    Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [MinRec 32:42]
  		•  Cosalite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Bi
     
    2
    		S
     
    5
    Reference: [Lapis 1995:3 p13-35]
  		•  Cotunnite
    PbCl
     
    2
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Coulsonite
    FeV
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data]
  		•  Covellite
    CuS
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
  		•  Covellite
    var: Selenian Covellite
    Cu(S,Se)
    Reference: [Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Yakovleva, V.A., and Spiro, B. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 239-254.]
  		•  Cowlesite
    CaAl
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Crandallite
    CaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Crandallite
    var: Strontian Crandallite
    (Ca,Sr)Al
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    5
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pavel M. kartashov analytical data]
  		•  Cristobalite
    SiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
  		•  Cryolite
    Na
     
    3
    		[AlF
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
    Site Photo
    Katugin Ta-­Nb deposit (Katuginskoye deposit), Chitinskaya Oblast', Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Cryptomelane
    K(Mn
    4+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    8
    		O
     
    16
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Cubanite
    CuFe
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Cummingtonite
    [ ][Mg
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    5
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Cuprite
    Cu
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Cuprobismutite
    Cu
     
    10
    		Bi
     
    12
    		S
     
    23
    Reference: [Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.]
  		•  Cuproiridsite (TL)
    (Cu,Fe)Ir
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    Type Locality: Mount Filipp, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Cuprorhodsite (TL)
    (Cu,Fe)Rh
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    Type Locality: Mount Filipp, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Mount Filipp, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © 2008, JGW
  		•  Curite
    Pb
     
    3+x
    		(H
     
    2
    		O)
     
    2
    		[(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    4
    		O
     
    4+x
    		(OH)
     
    3-x
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Curite
    var: Thorian Curite
    Pb
     
    3
    		(U,Th)
     
    8
    		O
     
    24
    		(OH)
     
    6
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Chupa pegmatite field, Northern Karelia, Karelia Republic, Northern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Cuspidine
    Ca
     
    4
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Cymrite
    BaAl
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		(O,OH)
     
    8
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Sorokhtina, N.V., Chukanov, N.V., Voloshin, A.V., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Bogdanova, A.N., and Moiseev, M.M. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(7), 620-628.]
  		•  Danburite
    CaB
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Dashkovaite (TL)
    Mg[HCOO]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Korshunovskoye (Korzunovskoe; Korzhunovska; Korshunovskiy) Iron mine, Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [ZVMO 129/6 (2000), 49; MinRec 32:500]
    Site Photo
    Korshunovskoye (Korzunovskoe; Korzhunovska; Korshunovskiy) Iron mine, Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2008, JGW
  		•  Datolite
    CaB[OH|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:9]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © 2001 John H. Betts
  		•  'Davidite'
    Reference: [Solodov, I.N., Chertok, M.B., Ganina, N.I., and Shulik, L.S. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(1), 61-73.]
  		•  Davidite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La)(Y,U,Fe)(Ti,Fe)
     
    20
    		(O,OH)
     
    38
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Davidite-(Y) (TL)
    (La,Ce,Ca,□)(U,Y)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Cr,]
     
    18
    		O
     
    38
    Type Locality: Vishnevye (Vishnyovye) Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    Reference: [Tr. Inst. Mineral., Geokhim. Kristallokhim. Redkikh Elementov, Akad. Nauk SSSR 15,110-120.]
  		•  Dawsonite
    NaAlCO
     
    3
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Zvezdinskaya L.V., Shtanov V.I. (1995) Composition of dawsonite and its thermal decomposition process, - DAN, 344(6), p.798-800 (in Rus.).]
    Site Photo
    Bechasyn plateau, Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya (Karachai-Cherkess; Karachay-Cherkessia) Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Delvauxite
    CaFe
     
    4
    		(PO
     
    4
    		,SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    8
    		·4-6H
     
    2
    		O not confirmed·
    Reference: []
  		•  Diamond
    C
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Mir Pipe (Myr Pipe), Mirny, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © RWMW
  		•  Diaoyudaoite
    NaAl
     
    11
    		O
     
    17
    Reference: [Dr. Jeffrey Weissman specimen (anthropogenic)]
    Site Photo
    Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast', Western-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2007, JGW
  		•  Diaphorite
    Ag
     
    3
    		Pb
     
    2
    		Sb
     
    3
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435]
  		•  Diaspore
    AlO(OH)
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Dickite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Pavlova, G.G., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 164-185.]
  		•  Digenite
    Cu
     
    9
    		S
     
    5
    Reference: [Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.]
  		•  Diopside
    CaMg[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Diopside
    var: Baikalite
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Lake Baikal area, Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Vítězslav Snášel
  		•  Diopside
    var: Chromian Diopside
    (Ca,Cr)MgSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Description: Occurs in host picrite phenocrysts.
    Reference: [Turner, A., Drummond, M.S., Kepezhinskas, P., and Defant, M.J. (1996) Mineralogy and Geochemistry of mantle Xenoliths and Host Volcanics of the Avachinsky Volcano, Kamchatka Arc, Russia. 1996 Abstracts with Programs, The Geological Society of America.]
  		•  'Diopside-Hedenbergite Series'
    Reference: [Savel\'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth\'s minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).]
  		•  'Diopside-Johannsenite Series'
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435]
  		•  Djerfisherite
    K
     
    6
    		(Cu,Fe,Ni)
     
    25
    		S
     
    26
    		Cl
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
    Site Photo
    Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Brent Thorne 2007
  		•  Djurleite
    Cu
     
    31
    		S
     
    16
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Dolerophanite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[O|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Thomas Witzke
  		•  Dolomite
    CaMg(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Pavlova, G.G., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 164-185.]
  		•  Domeykite
    Cu
     
    3
    		As
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Donnayite-(Y)
    Sr
     
    3
    		NaCaY(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    6
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Dravite
    [Na][Mg
     
    3
    		][Al
     
    6
    		][(OH)
     
    3
    		|OH|(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Droninoite (TL)
    Ni
     
    3
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		Cl(OH)
     
    8
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Dronino meteorite, Kasimov District, Ryazanskaya Oblast', North-Western Region, Russia
    Reference: [ZRMO 137(6),38(2008)]
  		•  Dumortierite
    (Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    7
    		[O
     
    3
    		|BO
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: []
  		•  Dussertite
    BaFe
    3+
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Dyscrasite
    Ag
     
    3
    		Sb
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435]
  		•  Dzhalindite (TL)
    In(OH)
     
    3
    Type Locality: Dzhalinda Sn Deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Dzhalinda Sn Deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Eckermannite
    [Na][Na
     
    2
    		][(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    4
    		Al][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Edenite
    Na[Ca
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    5
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    7
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Edingtonite
    Ba[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Eitelite
    Na
     
    2
    		Mg(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Ekaterinite (TL)
    Ca
     
    2
    		[(Cl,OH)
     
    2
    		|B
     
    4
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Korshunovskoye (Korzunovskoe; Korzhunovska; Korshunovskiy) Iron mine, Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [ZVMO 109 (1980), 469; MinRec 32:500]
    Site Photo
    Korshunovskoye (Korzunovskoe; Korzhunovska; Korshunovskiy) Iron mine, Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Knut Eldjarn
  		•  Elbaite
    [Na][(Li,Al)
     
    3
    		][Al
     
    6
    		][(OH)
     
    3
    		|OH|(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2001 John H. Betts
  		•  Elbaite
    var: Tsilaisite
    Na(Mn
    2+
     
    		AlFe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		Al
     
    6
    		[(O,OH,F)
     
    4
    		│(OH)
     
    3
    		│(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		│Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]
    Reference: [AmMin 88:1369-1376 (2003)]
  		•  'Ellestadite'
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1361–1370, 2009]
  		•  Ellestadite-(OH)
    Ca
     
    10
    		[(OH,Cl,F)
     
    2
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [A. E. Zadov data]
  		•  Emplectite
    CuBiS
     
    2
    Reference: [Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.]
  		•  Enargite
    Cu
     
    3
    		AsS
     
    4
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Enstatite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Eosphorite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)Al[(OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 121(2): 95-103(1992); Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Epididymite
    Na
     
    2
    		Be
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Kapustin, Y. L., & Bykova, A. V. (1965). First find of hiortdahlite in the USSR. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 161, 121-124. ]
  		•  Epidote
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Amanauz riverbed, Dombai, Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya (Karachai-Cherkess; Karachay-Cherkessia) Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    © 2007 S. Sayamov
  		•  Epsomite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Eriochalcite
    CuCl
     
    2
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Leon Hupperichs
  		•  Erlichmanite
    OsS
     
    2
    Reference: [F. Zaccarini et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 42, pp. 545-562 (2004).]
  		•  Erythrite
    Co
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Eskolaite
    Cr
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Eta-bronze
    Cu
     
    6
    		Sn
     
    5
    Reference: [AmMin 82:821]
  		•  Ettringite
    Ca
     
    6
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 26H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  'Ettringite Group'
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1361–1370, 2009]
  		•  Euchlorine
    KNaCu
     
    3
    		[O|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Brent Thorne
  		•  Euclase
    BeAl[OH|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
    Site Photo
    Siberia, Russia
    © INS
  		•  Eucryptite
    LiAl[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Eudialyte
    Na
     
    15
    		Ca
     
    6
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		Zr
     
    3
    		[Si
     
    25
    		O
     
    73
    		](O,OH,H
     
    2
    		O)
     
    3
    		(OH,Cl)
     
    2
    Reference: [Kapustin, Y. L., & Bykova, A. V. (1965). First find of hiortdahlite in the USSR. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 161, 121-124. ; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Khibiny Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Eudidymite
    Na
     
    2
    		Be
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Ermakovskoe Be Deposit, Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic, Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Eugenite
    Ag
     
    11
    		Hg
     
    2
    Reference: [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-84017545.html]
    Site Photo
    Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2004 M. Kampf
  		•  Eulytine
    Bi
     
    4
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov and V.V. Strekopytov data]
    Site Photo
    Syuigachan Sn-W occurrence, Badzhalski ore District, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Ewaldite
    Ba(Ca,Y,Na,K)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [MinRec 31:205]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Euxenite-(Y)
    (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Fairfieldite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  'Famatinite-Luzonite Series'
    Reference: [V.A. Kovalenker, O.Yu. Plotinskaya (2005): Te and Se mineralogy of Ozernovskoe and Prasolovskoe epithermal gold deposits, Kuril – Kamchatka volcanic belt. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology 43, 118-123. [http://www.geology.bas.bg/mineralogy/gmp_files/gmp43/Kovalenker.pdf]
  		•  Fayalite
    Fe
    2+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  'Fayalite-Tephroite Series
    var: Knebelite'
    from (Fe
     
    1.5
    		Mn
     
    0.5
    		)
     
    2
    		SiO
     
    4
    		 to (Mn
     
    1.5
    		Fe
     
    0.5
    		)
     
    2
    		SiO
     
    4
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435]
    Site Photo
    Dzhimidon Pb-Zn deposit, Sadon ore district, North Ossetia Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Fedotovite (TL)
    K
     
    2
    		Cu
     
    3
    		[O|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Type Locality: Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [DAN-SSSR,(1988) 229, 961-964; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Michael C. Roarke
  		•  'Feldspar Group'
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Ferberite
    FeWO
     
    4
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Ferchromide
    Cr
     
    1.5
    		Fe
     
    0.5-x
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Feroxyhyte
    Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Ferriallanite-(Ce)
    {CaCe}{Fe
    3+
     
    		AlFe
    2+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [Savel\'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth\'s minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).]
  		•  Ferrihydrite
    Fe
     
    5
    		O
     
    3
    		(OH)
     
    9
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Ferrimolybdite
    Fe
     
    2
    		[MoO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1096.]
    Site Photo
    Tyrnyauz Mo-W Deposit, Baksan Valley, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Ferritungstite
    (W,Fe
    3+
     
    		)(O,OH)
     
    3
    Reference: []
  		•  Ferrohexahydrite
    FeSO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
  		•  Ferronickelplatinum
    Pt
     
    2
    		FeNi
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Urals Region, Russia
    © L Kruszewski 2006
  		•  Ferrorichterite
    Na[CaNa][Fe
    2+
    5
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696.]
  		•  Ferroselite (TL)
    FeSe
     
    2
    Type Locality: Ust' Uyok (Ust'-Uyuk) deposit, Turan District, Tuva Republic, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [DAN-SSSR,(1955) 105, 812-813; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Fersmite
    (Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)
     
    2
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    6
    Reference: []
  		•  Florencite-(Ce)
    CeAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Fluoborite
    Mg
     
    3
    		[(F,OH)
     
    3
    		|BO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Fluocerite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La)F
     
    3
    Reference: [P.M. Karashov data]
    Site Photo
    Katugin Ta-­Nb deposit (Katuginskoye deposit), Chitinskaya Oblast', Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Fluorannite
    KFe
    2+
    3
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Sergey Vasiliev]
    Site Photo
    Katugin Ta-­Nb deposit (Katuginskoye deposit), Chitinskaya Oblast', Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Sergey Vasiliev
  		•  Fluorite
    CaF
     
    2
    Reference: [MinRec 32:9]
    Site Photo
    2nd Sovietskii Mine (2nd Sovietskiy Mine), Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Tony Peterson
  		•  Fluorite
    var: Chlorophane
    Reference: ["Traité de Minéralogie" by Abbe Haüy]
  		•  Fluoro-magnesio-arfvedsonite (TL)
    [Na][Na
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    4
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		][(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|[Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Type Locality: Vishnevye (Vishnyovye) Mts, Chelyabinsk Oblast', Southern Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    Reference: [AmMin 86:1534]
  		•  Fluoro-sodic-ferropedrizite (TL)
    NaLi
     
    2
    		(Fe
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		Li)(Si
     
    6
    		Al
     
    2
    		)O
     
    22
    		F
     
    2
    Type Locality: Sutlug River, Tuva Republic, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [Mineralogical Magazine 73,487(2009)]
  		•  Fluoro-sodicpedrizite (TL)
    [Na][Li
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		Li][(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Type Locality: Tastyg Spodumene Deposit, Tuva Republic, Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [IMA Website]
  		•  Forsterite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
    Site Photo
    Kovdor Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Arliguie M
  		•  Fougèrite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    6
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(OH)
     
    18
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Franckeite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		(Pb,Sn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    6
    		Sn
    4+
    2
    		Sb
     
    2
    		S
     
    14
    Reference: [Dobrovol’skaya, M.G., Genkin, A.D., Bortnikov, N.S., and Golovanova, T.I. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(1), 75-85.]
  		•  Franconite
    Na
     
    2
    		Nb
     
    4
    		O
     
    11
    		·9H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Min Rec (2006) 37: 5-60]
  		•  Franklinite
    Zn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Freibergite
    (Ag
     
    4+2x
    		Cu
     
    2-2x
    		)[(Cu, Ag)
     
    4
    		(Fe, Zn)
     
    2
    		]Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    12
    		S
     
    1-x
    		 (0 < x < 1)
    Reference: []
  		•  Fresnoite
    Ba
     
    2
    		Ti[O|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Froodite
    α-PdBi
     
    2
    Reference: [AmMin 85:199]
  		•  Fergusonite-(Y)
    YNbO
     
    4
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Gadolinite-(Ce)
    (Ce,La,Nd,Y)
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Be
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Gadolinite-(Y)
    Y
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
     
    		Be
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [P.M. Karashov data]
    Site Photo
    Western Keivy Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Gagarinite-(Y)
    NaCaY(F,Cl)
     
    6
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Katugin Ta-­Nb deposit (Katuginskoye deposit), Chitinskaya Oblast', Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Paul Bongaerts
  		•  Gahnite
    ZnAl
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Gaidonnayite
    Na
     
    2
    		Zr[Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    9
    		]·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Galaxite
    (Mn,Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [World of Stones #10.]
  		•  Galena
    PbS
    Reference: [MinRec 32:9]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Michael C. Roarke
  		•  Galena
    var: Bismuthiferous Galena
    (Pb,Bi,Ag)S
    Reference: [Groznova, E.O., Dobrovol’skaya, M.G., Kovalenker, V.A., Davydov, K.V., Bitarov, V.T., and Razin, M.V. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(2), 108-133.]
  		•  Galenobismutite
    PbBi
     
    2
    		S
     
    4
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Galkhaite (TL)
    (Cs,Tl)(Hg,Cu,Zn)
     
    6
    		(As,Sb)
     
    4
    		S
     
    12
    Type Locality: Gal-Khaya As-Hg-Sb Deposit, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [DAN-SSSR,(1972) 205,; Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990]
  		•  'Garnet Group'
    X
     
    3
    		Z
     
    2
    		(TO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		 (X = Ca, Fe, etc·, Z = Al, Cr, etc·, T = Si, As, V)
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Amanauz riverbed, Dombai, Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya (Karachai-Cherkess; Karachay-Cherkessia) Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    © 2005 Sayamov S.
  		•  Gaylussite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Gearksutite
    Ca[Al(F,OH)
     
    5
    		(H
     
    2
    		O)]
    Reference: [Ripp, G. S., Bulnaev, K. B. & Zyablishchev, A. Yu. (1996): Alumofluorides of Zharchikhinskoe molybdenum deposit (western Transbaikalia). Zap. Vseross. Mineral. O-va. 125, 72-79. (in Russian) ; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Gedrite
    ☐[Mg
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [Nikolay Serebryakov data]
  		•  Geikielite
    MgTiO
     
    3
    Reference: []
  		•  Genthelvite
    Zn
     
    4
    		Be
     
    3
    		[S|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Georgbokiite (TL)
    Cu
     
    5
    		[O
     
    2
    		|Cl
     
    2
    		|(SeO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    Type Locality: Great Fissure (Main Fracture) eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Reference: [Doklady Akad. Nauk, 364(4), 527–531; Zeits. Kristallogr., 214(3), 135– 138.; MinRec 31:201]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Georgechaoite
    NaKZr[Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    9
    		]·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Gerasimovskite
    (Mn,Ca)(Nb,Ti)
     
    5
    		O
     
    12
    		·9H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
    Site Photo
    Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Arliguie M
  		•  Germanite
    Cu
     
    13
    		Fe
     
    2
    		Ge
     
    2
    		S
     
    16
    Reference: []
  		•  Germanocolusite (TL)
    Cu
     
    26
    		V
     
    2
    		(Ge,As)
     
    6
    		S
     
    32
    Type Locality: Urup Cu Deposit, Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya (Karachai-Cherkess; Karachay-Cherkessia) Republic, Northern Caucasus Region, Russia
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
  		•  Gersdorffite
    NiAsS
    Reference: [Pavlova, G.G., and Borisenko, A.S. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 164-185.]
  		•  Getchellite
    AsSbS
     
    3
    Reference: [Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990]
  		•  Geversite
    PtSb
     
    2
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Gibbsite
    Al(OH)
     
    3
    Reference: [American Mineralogist Vol. 57, pp. 325-329 (1972)]
  		•  Ginzburgite (of Voloshin et al.)
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Gladite
    PbCuBi
     
    5
    		S
     
    9
    Reference: [Potseluev, A.A., Babkin, D.I., and Kotegov, V.I. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 384-401.]
  		•  Gladiusite (TL)
    Fe
     
    2
    		(Fe,Mg)
     
    4
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)(OH)
     
    11
    		(H
     
    2
    		O)
    Type Locality: Kovdor Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    Description: Found in hydrothermal assemblages associated with the phoscorite–carbonatite unit of the Kovdor alkaline-ultramafic complex, in vugs within veins of mineralized dolomite carbonatite.
    Reference: [Can. Mineral. 38:1477-1485.]
  		•  Glauberite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 432.]
  		•  Glaucochroite
    CaMn
    2+
     
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Glauconite
    K
     
    0.08
    		R
    1
    1.33
    		 R
    2
    0.67
    		 [][Al
     
    0.13
    		Si
     
    3.87
    		O
     
    10
    		](OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Pavel M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Moscow Oblast' (Moscovskaya Oblast'), Central Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Glaucophane
    [ ][Na
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  'Gmelinite'
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Gmelinite-Ca
    (Ca,Na
     
    2
    		)[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		] · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
    Site Photo
    Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia
    © Tagliabue-Foschi
  		•  Gmelinite-Na
    (Na
     
    2
    		,Ca)[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		] · 6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Gobbinsite
    Na
     
    4
    		(Ca,Mg,K
     
    2
    		)Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    10
    		O
     
    32
    		·12H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Goethite
    α-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Gold
    Au
    Reference: [Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Syuigachan Sn-W occurrence, Badzhalski ore District, Khabarovskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Gold
    var: Argentocuproaurite
    (Au,Ag,Cu,Pd,Rh)
    Reference: [V.V. Seredin data]
  		•  Gold
    var: Electrum
    (Au, Ag)
    Reference: []
  		•  Gold
    var: Palladian Gold
    (Au,Pd)
    Reference: [Tolstykh, N.D., Sidorov, E.G., Laajoki, K.V.O., Krivenko, A.P., and Podlipskiy, M. (2000): Canadian Mineralogist: 38: 1251-1264.]
  		•  Goldfieldite
    Cu
     
    12
    		(Te,Sb,As)
     
    4
    		S
     
    13
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Gorceixite
    BaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
  		•  Gordonite
    MgAl
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 121(2): 95-103(1992)]
  		•  Goslarite
    ZnSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest Cobalt-Containing Sulfates from the South Ural, Russia", 5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2.]
  		•  Götzenite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    5
    		Ti[F
     
    4
    		|(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Goyazite
    SrAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
  		•  Graftonite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)
     
    3
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Tatarinov (1937) Micas of the USSR, Leningrad [Min. Abs. (1946): 9:30]; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 688.]
  		•  Graphite
    C
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Lake Baikal area, Irkutskaya Oblast', Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © Arliguie M
  		•  Greenalite
    Fe
     
    2-3
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Bernard & Hyrsl (2004): Minerals and their Localities, 259.]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © 2008 Jesse Crawford
  		•  Greenockite
    CdS
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1312–1324, 2009]
  		•  Grossular (TL)
    Ca
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Type Locality: Akhtaragda River mouth (Achtaragda River mouth), Vilyui River Basin (Vilui River Basin; Wilui River Basin), Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    Reference: [Handbuch der Mineralogie by CAS Hofmann,(1811) 1, 479; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Vilyui River Basin (Vilui River Basin; Wilui River Basin), Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2002 John H. Betts
  		•  'Grossular-Hibschite Series'
    Reference: [A. E. Zadov data]
  		•  'Grossular-Hibschite Series
    var: Achtaragdite'
    Reference: [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow]
    Site Photo
    Vilyui River Basin (Vilui River Basin; Wilui River Basin), Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2001 John H. Betts
  		•  'Grossular-Pyrope Series'
    Reference: [Journal of Petrology: 9: 253-280.]
  		•  Groutite
    Mn
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Guanajuatite
    Bi
     
    2
    		(Se,S)
     
    3
    Reference: [Rodionov, S.M., Schnaider, A.A., Romanovsky, N.P., and Gurovich, V.G. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 285-296.]
  		•  Gudmundite
    FeSbS
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Vol. 64, 1979, pp. 432-435]
  		•  'Gummite'
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
    Site Photo
    Chupa pegmatite field, Northern Karelia, Karelia Republic, Northern Region, Russia
    © Pavel M. Kartashov
  		•  Gunningite
    (Zn,Mn)SO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest Cobalt-Containing Sulfates from the South Ural, Russia", 5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2.]
  		•  Gypsum
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Mayskaya coal mine, Shakhty, Rostov Region (Rostov Oblast'; Rostovskaja Oblast'), Russia
    © 2005 Sayamov S.
  		•  Gypsum
    var: Ordite
    Reference: [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
  		•  Halite
    NaCl
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Halloysite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Halotrichite
    FeAl
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov]
  		•  Hammarite
    Pb
     
    2
    		Cu
     
    2
    		Bi
     
    4
    		S
     
    9
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Harmotome
    (Ba
     
    0.5
    		,Ca
     
    0.5
    		,K,Na)
     
    5
    		[Al
     
    5
    		Si
     
    11
    		O
     
    32
    		] ·12H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Hastingsite
    [Na][Ca
     
    2
    		][Fe
    2+
    4
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Hausmannite
    MnMn
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Haüyne
    (Na,Ca)
     
    4-8
    		[Al
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		(O,S)
     
    24
    		](SO
     
    4
    		,Cl)
     
    1-2
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm]
  		•  Heazlewoodite
    Ni
     
    3
    		S
     
    2
    Reference: []
  		•  Hedenbergite
    CaFe
    2+
     
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [MinRec 32:9]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Hedleyite
    Bi
     
    7
    		Te
     
    3
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Helvite
    Mn
    2+
    4
    		Be
     
    3
    		[S|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: []
  		•  Hematite
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia
    © 2000 John H. Betts
  		•  Hematite
    var: Martite
    Reference: [Belykh, V.I., Dunai, E.I., and Lugovaya, I.P. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(2), 147-159.]
  		•  Hematite
    var: Specularite
    Reference: [Belykh, V.I., Dunai, E.I., and Lugovaya, I.P. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(2), 147-159.]
  		•  Hemimorphite
    Zn
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Taininskii Mine, Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia
    © 2002 John H. Betts
  		•  Hemusite
    Cu
     
    6
    		SnMoS
     
    8
    Reference: [V.A. Kovalenker, O.Yu. Plotinskaya (2005): Te and Se mineralogy of Ozernovskoe and Prasolovskoe epithermal gold deposits, Kuril – Kamchatka volcanic belt. Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Petrology 43, 118-123. [http://www.geology.bas.bg/mineralogy/gmp_files/gmp43/Kovalenker.pdf]
  		•  Hessite
    Ag
     
    2
    		Te
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  'Heulandite'
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
  		•  Heulandite-Na
    (Na,Ca)
     
    2-3
    		Al
     
    3
    		(Al,Si)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    13
    		O
     
    36
    		·12H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [P.M. Kartashov data]
  		•  Hexaferrum (TL)
    (Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)
    Type Locality: Chirynaisky Massif, Koryak Mts, Kamchatka Oblast', Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    Description: The mineral occurs as inclusions of cubic or octahedral crystals up to 200 micron, with most 5–50 micron, in Cr spinel at the Chirynaisky dunite-harzburgite massif.
    Reference: [ZVMO 127/5 (1998), 41; MinRec 31:201]
    Site Photo
    Koryak (Koriak; Koriakskhiye) Upland, Koriak Autonomous Okrug, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © 2008, JGW
  		•  Hexahydrite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
  		•  Heyite
    Pb
     
    5
    		Fe
    2+
    2
    		[O
     
    2
    		|VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [V.V. Seredin data]
  		•  Heyrovskýite
    Pb
     
    10
    		AgBi
     
    5
    		S
     
    18
    Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy]
  		•  Hibbingite
    Fe
    2+
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|Cl]
    Reference: [Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.]
  		•  Hibschite
    Ca
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    6-1
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    1.5-2.5
    		]
    Reference: [Am Min 90: 1688-1692]
  		•  Hilairite
    Na
     
    2
    		Zr[SiO
     
    3
    		]
     
    3
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm]
  		•  Hilgardite
    Ca
     
    2
    		B
     
    5
    		O
     
    9
    		Cl·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284.]
  		•  Hillebrandite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [A. E. Zadov data]
  		•  Hingganite-(Y)
    (Y,REE,Ca)
     
    2
    		(□,Fe
    2+
     
    		)Be
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: []
  		•  'Hiortdahlite'
    (Ca,Na)
     
    3
    		(Zr,Ti)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		(O,OH,F)
     
    2
    Habit: columnar xls
    Colour: yellowish green
    Description: Columnar xls up to 3-4 cm long, usually intergrowth with nepheline and microcline.
    Reference: [Kapustin, Y. L., & Bykova, A. V. (1965). First find of hiortdahlite in the USSR. Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 161, 121-124. ]
  		•  Hisingerite
    Fe
    3+
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [MinRec 32:8]
    Site Photo
    Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche), Primorskiy Kray, Far-Eastern Region, Russia
    © Russell G. Rizzo
  		•  Hocartite
    Ag
     
    2
    		(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Zn)SnS
     
    4
    Reference: [World of Stones 12:49]
  		•  Hochelagaite
    (Ca,Na,Sr)(Nb,Ti,Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    11
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O