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Fenice Capanne Mine, Massa Marittima, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy

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Fenice Capanne or older name Fenice Massetana was a mixed sulphides mine: copper, lead, zinc.

The mineral occurrence was known before and during the Middle Ages, but its industrial exploitation and production started at the end of 1800. Its best production years were reached among 1920 and 1930. It consisted of a big copper sulphides-quartz lode with N-S orientation, with strike around 45° towards E. The lode is embedded into agillites and calcareous eocenic rocks which are metamorphized by thermal action due to the plutonic complex of the area. The lode was really very rich in ores near its surface but it got more and more poor in copper with increasing depth. The Fenice Capanne mining complex activity ended in 1985.

References:
- D'Achiardi A., 1872/73. Mineralogia della Toscana. Arnaldo Forni Editore, Pisa
- Toso P., 1892: Miniere di rame: Fenice Massetana e Capanne Vecchie. Relazione sul servizio minerario, 3, pp.106-108 - Corpo Reale delle miniere, Roma
- Lotti B., 1893: Descrizione geologico-mineraria dei dintorni di Massa Marittima in Toscana. Memorie descrittive della carta geologica d'Italia, 8, pp.1-171 - Regio Ufficio geologico d'Italia, Roma
- Attolico D., 1921 - Le Miniere della Fenice Massetana e delle Capanne Vecchie. -In "Miscellanea di descrizioni e notizie riguardanti i luoghi visitati durante la XXXIV riunione della Società geologica Italiana", pp.57-67. SOCIETA' GEOLOGICA ITALIANA, Pisa
- Squarzina F., 1963:Cenni sulle principali miniere di rame e di piriti in italia. L'industria mineraria, serie II, anno XIV, 10, pp.575-582
Associazione Mineraria Italiana, Roma
- Lombardi E., 1985: Le miniere delle Colline Metallifere. in: “Massa Marittima e il suo territorio nella storia e nell'arte”, chapter V, pp.172-180 – Cantagalli Ed., Siena
- Nannoni R., Capperi M., 1983. La miniera di "Fenice-Capanne". Minerali e genesi del giacimento. Quad. Mus. Stor. Nat. Livorno, 4: 19-32.
- Mario, C. and Roberto, N. (1997). "La mine de Fenice Capanne (Grosseto)." Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 1(Janvier/Février), 63-82.




Group 1 - Elements
  		• Copper1.AA.05
    Cu
    Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
  		• Bismuthinite2.DB.05
    Bi
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
  		• Chalcopyrite2.CB.10a
    CuFeS
     
    2
  		• Galena2.CD.10
    PbS
  		• Pyrite2.EB.05a
    FeS
     
    2
  		• Pyrrhotite2.CC.10
    Fe
     
    7
    		S
     
    8
    		, (-4M), also given as Fe
     
    1-x
    		S (x = 0 - 0.2)
  		• Sphalerite2.CB.05a
    (Zn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)S
    Group 3 - Halides
  		• Fluorite3.AB.25
    CaF
     
    2
    Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
  		• Hematite4.CB.05
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
  		• Quartz4.DA.05
    SiO
     
    2
    Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
  		• Calcite5.AB.05
    CaCO
     
    3
  		• Malachite5.BA.10
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
    Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
  		• Baryte7.AD.35
    BaSO
     
    4
  		• Chalcanthite7.CB.20
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Felsőbányaite7.DD.05
    Al
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    10
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Fibroferrite7.DC.15
    Fe
    3+
     
    		[OH|SO
     
    4
    		] · 5H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Gypsum7.CD.40
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
      var: Selenite7.CD.40
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Melanterite7.CB.35
    FeSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    Group 9 - Silicates
  		• 'Adularia'9.FA.30
    KAlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
  		• Andradite9.AD.25
    Ca
     
    3
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
  		• Chrysocolla9.ED.20
    (Cu,Al)
     
    2
    		H
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
  		• Epidote9.BG.05
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
  		• Hedenbergite9.DA.15
    CaFe
    2+
     
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]


    24 entries listed. 23 valid minerals.

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