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Hatrurim Formation, Negev desert, Israel

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The Hatrurim Formation is largely composed of an unusual rock type, a type of natural portland cement formed by high-temperature alteration of late Cretaceous to lower Eocene bituminous chalk, marl and impure limestone. Several of the type locality mineral species here had previously been intensively studied as anthropogenic phases in portland cement. Unlike calc-silicate rocks in other parts of the world, which were normally created by contact metamorphism (heating by an igneous intrusion), the Hatrurim Formation is underlain by unaltered sedimentary rocks with no igneous intrusion. The origin of the heat which metamorphosed these rocks was long a mystery, but is now thought to be due to oxidation of bituminous compounds (in simple english, it burned). Intensity of metamorphism correlates to access to oxygen. Hydrocarbons are widespread in surrounding rocks but are absent in the metamorphosed beds (the "Mottled Zone", an old name for the Hatrurim Formation).

The Hatrurim Formation was named for the locality Hatrurim, its largest area of exposure, but it also outcrops in several other parts of Israel and Palestine and Jordan too, so not all of the listed minerals may really be from Hatrurim, and many samples loosely labeled "Hatrurim" ought really to have been labelled "Hatrurim Formation" from other localities. See under: Har Ye'elim, Hatrurim, Kefar Uriyya, Malhata, and Nahal Ayalon in Israel; and Beit Sahur, Jebel Harmun, Ma'ale Adumim, Nabi Musa, and Tarqumiya in Palestine; and Daba Siwaqa, Seweilih and Maqarin in Jordan.



References:
- Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.

- Vapnik, Y., Sokol, E., Murashko, M., Sharygin, V. (2006): The enigma of Hatrurim. Mineralogical Almanac, 10, 69-77.




Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Group 1 - Elements
  		• Barringerite1.BD.10
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    2
    		P
  		• Copper1.AA.05
    Cu
  		• Iron1.AE.05
    Fe
  		• Schreibersite1.BD.05
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    3
    		P
  		• Sulphur1.CC.05
    S
     
    8
    Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
  		• Chalcopyrite2.CB.10a
    CuFeS
     
    2
  		• Greigite2.DA.05
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
  		• Pyrrhotite2.CC.10
    Fe
     
    7
    		S
     
    8
    		, (-4M), also given as Fe
     
    1-x
    		S (x = 0 - 0.2)
    Group 3 - Halides
  		• Halite3.AA.20
    NaCl
    Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
  		• Bayerite (TL)4.FE.10
    Al(OH)
     
    3
  		• Brownmillerite4.AC.10
    Ca
     
    2
    		(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
  		• Brucite4.FE.05
    Mg(OH)
     
    2
  		• Böhmite4.FE.15
    AlO(OH)
  		• Carnotite4.HB.05
    K
     
    2
    		(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 3H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Corundum4.CB.05
    Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
  		• Cristobalite4.DA.15
    SiO
     
    2
  		• Gibbsite4.FE.10
    Al(OH)
     
    3
  		• Goethite4.FD.10
    α-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
  		• Grossite (TL)4.CC.15
    CaAl
     
    4
    		O
     
    7
  		• Hematite4.CB.05
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
  		• Hercynite4.BB.05
    FeAl
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
  		• Hibonite4.CC.45
    (Ca,Ce)Al
     
    12
    		O
     
    19
  		• Hydrocalumite4.FL.10
    Ca
     
    2
    		Al(OH)
     
    7
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Ilmenite4.CB.05
    Fe
    2+
     
    		TiO
     
    3
  		• Lepidocrocite4.FE.15
    γ-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
  		• Maghemite4.BB.15
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
  		• Magnesioferrite4.BB.05
    MgFe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
  		• Magnetite4.BB.05
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
  		• Mayenite4.CC.20
    Ca
     
    12
    		Al
     
    14
    		O
     
    33
  		• Metatyuyamunite4.HB.25
    Ca(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[VO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 3-5H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Opal4.DA.10
    SiO
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
  		• Periclase4.AB.25
    MgO
  		• Perovskite4.CC.30
    CaTiO
     
    3
  		• Portlandite4.FE.05
    Ca(OH)
     
    2
  		• Pyrolusite4.DB.05
    MnO
     
    2
  		• Quartz4.DA.05
    SiO
     
    2
  		• Rutile4.DB.05
    TiO
     
    2
  		• Spinel4.BB.05
    MgAl
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
  		• Trevorite4.BB.05
    Ni
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
  		• Tridymite4.DA.10
    SiO
     
    2
  		• Ulvöspinel4.BB.05
    Fe
     
    2
    		TiO
     
    4
    Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
  		• Aragonite5.AB.15
    CaCO
     
    3
  		• Calcite5.AB.05
    CaCO
     
    3
  		• Dolomite5.AB.10
    CaMg(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
  		• Hydromagnesite5.DA.05
    Mg
     
    5
    		[(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Hydrotalcite5.DA.50
    Mg
     
    6
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    16
    		|CO
     
    3
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Siderite5.AB.05
    FeCO
     
    3
  		• Stichtite5.DA.50
    Mg
     
    6
    		Cr
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    16
    		|CO
     
    3
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
  		• UM1977-02-CO:AlCaH (TL)5.DB.05
    Ca
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		·32H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Vaterite5.AB.20
    CaCO
     
    3
    Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
  		• Anhydrite7.AD.30
    CaSO
     
    4
  		• Baryte7.AD.35
    BaSO
     
    4
  		• Bentorite (TL)7.DG.15
    Ca
     
    6
    		(Cr
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 26H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Chromatite7.FA.10
    Ca[CrO
     
    4
    		]
  		• Ettringite7.DG.15
    Ca
     
    6
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 26H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Gypsum7.CD.40
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Hashemite7.FA.15
    Ba(Cr,S)O
     
    4
  		• Thaumasite7.DG.15
    Ca
     
    3
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|Si(OH)
     
    6
    		] · 12H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Ye'elimite7.BC.15
    Ca
     
    4
    		Al
     
    6
    		[O
     
    12
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
  		• Apatite-(CaF)8.BN.05
    Ca
     
    5
    		[F|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
      var: Francolite8.BN.05
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(F,O)|(PO
     
    4
    		,CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		]
  		• Meta-autunite8.EB.10
    Ca(UO
     
    2
    		)
     
    2
    		[PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		· 6-8H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Whitlockite8.AC.45
    Ca
     
    9
    		Mg[PO
     
    3
    		OH][PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    6
    Group 9 - Silicates
  		• Aegirine-augite9.DA.20
    (Na,Ca)(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Al)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
  		• Afwillite9.AG.75
    Ca
     
    3
    		[HSiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Albite9.FA.35
    Na[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
  		• Allophane9.ED.20
    (Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    		)(SiO
     
    2
    		)
     
    1.3-2
    		·2.5-3H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Analcime9.GB.05
    Na
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Andradite9.AD.25
    Ca
     
    3
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
  		• Anorthite9.FA.35
    Ca[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
  		• Augite
    var: Fassaite    		9.DA.15
    (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ti)[(Si,Al)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
  		• Biotite9..
  		• Bredigite9.AD.20
    Ca
     
    7
    		Mg[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    4
  		• Bultfonteinite9.AG.80
    Ca
     
    2
    		[F|HSiO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Chamosite9.EC.55
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    5
    		Al[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
      var: Thuringite9.EC.55
    (Fe,Fe,Mg,Al)
     
    6
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(O,OH)
     
    8
  		• Clintonite9.EC.35
    Ca(Mg,Al)
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    3
    		SiO
     
    10
    		]
  		• Cordierite9.CJ.10
    (Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
  		• Cuspidine9.BE.17
    Ca
     
    4
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
  		• Diopside9.DA.15
    CaMg[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
  		• Ellestadite-(F)9.AH.25
    Ca
     
    10
    		[(F,Cl,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
  		• Enstatite9.DA.05
    Mg
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
  		• Epistilbite9.GD.45
    CaAl
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    16
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Esseneite9.DA.15
    CaFe
    3+
     
    		[AlSiO
     
    6
    		]
  		• Fayalite9.AC.05
    Fe
    2+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
  		• Foshagite9.DG.15
    Ca
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    9
    		]
  		• Gehlenite9.BB.10
    Ca
     
    2
    		Al[AlSiO
     
    7
    		]
  		• Gismondine9.GC.05
    Ca[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]·4.5H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Greenalite9.ED.15
    Fe
     
    2-3
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
  		• Grossular9.AD.25
    Ca
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
  		• Gyrolite9.EE.30
    Ca
     
    4
    		(Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		)(OH)
     
    2
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Halloysite9.ED.10
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
  		• Harmotome9.GC.10
    (Ba
     
    0.5
    		,Ca
     
    0.5
    		,K,Na)
     
    5
    		[Al
     
    5
    		Si
     
    11
    		O
     
    32
    		] ·12H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Hatrurite (TL)9.AG.65
    Ca
     
    3
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
  		• Hedenbergite9.DA.15
    CaFe
    2+
     
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
  		• Hibschite9.AD.25
    Ca
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    6-1
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    1.5-2.5
    		]
  		• Hillebrandite9.DG.40
    Ca
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    3
    		]
  		• Hisingerite9.ED.10
    Fe
    3+
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Hyalophane9.FA.30
    (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
  		• Jennite9.DG.20
    Ca
     
    9
    		H
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		(OH)
     
    8
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Kalsilite9.FA.05
    K[AlSiO
     
    4
    		]
  		• Kaolinite9.ED.05
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
  		• Katoite9.AD.25
    Ca
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    8-6
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    1-1.5
    		]
  		• Kilchoanite9.BJ.45
    Ca
     
    3
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
  		• Larnite9.AD.05
    Ca
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
  		• Lizardite9.ED.15
    Mg
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		]
  		• Merwinite9.AD.15
    Ca
     
    3
    		Mg[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
  		• Mesolite9.GA.05
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Microcline9.FA.30
    K[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
  		• Monticellite9.AC.10
    CaMg[SiO
     
    4
    		]
  		• Montmorillonite9.EC.40
    (Na,Ca)
     
    0.33
    		(Al,Mg)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
  		• Nagelschmidtite (TL)9.HA.60
    Ca
     
    7
    		[PO
     
    4
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
  		• Nontronite9.EC.40
    Na
     
    0.3
    		Fe
     
    2
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
  		• Okenite9.EA.40
    CaSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Orthoclase9.FA.30
    K[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
  		• Oyelite9.HA.80
    Ca
     
    10
    		Si
     
    8
    		B
     
    2
    		O
     
    29
    		·12.5H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Plombièrite9.DG.08
    Ca
     
    5
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Prehnite9.DP.20
    Ca
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    12
    		(OH)
  		• 'Pseudowollastonite'9.CA.20
    CaSiO
     
    3
  		• Pyrophyllite9.EC.10
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
  		• Rankinite9.BC.15
    Ca
     
    3
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
  		• Reinhardbraunsite9.AF.45
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
  		• Riebeckite9.DE.25
    [ ][Na
     
    2
    		][Fe
    2+
    3
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
  		• Riversideite9.DG.10
    Ca
     
    5
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Saponite9.EC.45
    Ca
     
    0.25
    		(Mg,Fe)
     
    3
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
  		• Schorlomite9.AD.25
    Ca
     
    3
    		(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[(Si,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		)O
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
  		• Scolecite9.GA.05
    Ca[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Sepiolite9.EE.25
    Mg
     
    4
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Spurrite9.AH.15
    Ca
     
    5
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
  		• Tacharanite9.HA.75
    Ca
     
    12
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    18
    		O
     
    51
    		·18H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Thomsonite-Ca9.GA.10
    NaCa
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    5
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    20
    		] · 6H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Titanite9.AG.15
    CaTi[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
  		• Tobermorite9.DG.10
    Ca
     
    5
    		Si
     
    6
    		(O,OH)
     
    18
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Truscottite9.EE.35
    (Ca,Mn)
     
    14
    		Si
     
    24
    		O
     
    58
    		(OH)
     
    8
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Uvite9.CK.05
    [Ca][(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		][MgAl
     
    5
    		][(OH)
     
    3
    		|F|(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]
  		• Vesuvianite9.BG.35
    Ca
     
    10
    		(Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    9
    		O
     
    34
    		(OH)
     
    4
  		• Volkonskoite9.EC.40
    Ca
     
    0.3
    		(Cr,Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
  		• Wollastonite9.DG.05
    Ca[SiO
     
    3
    		]
  		• Xonotlite9.DG.35
    Ca
     
    6
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    17
    		(OH)
     
    2
  		• Zircon9.AD.30
    Zr[SiO
     
    4
    		]
  		• Åkermanite9.BB.10
    Ca
     
    2
    		Mg[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Unclassified Minerals
  		• 'Andradite-Schorlomite Series'-
    Ca
     
    3
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		 - Ca
     
    3
    		Ti
    4+
    2
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
  		• 'Apophyllite'-
  		• 'Chabazite'-
  		• 'Chlorite Group'-
  		• 'Ellestadite'-
  		• Glauconite-
    K
     
    0.08
    		R
    1
    1.33
    		 R
    2
    0.67
    		 [][Al
     
    0.13
    		Si
     
    3.87
    		O
     
    10
    		](OH)
     
    2
  		• 'Gmelinite'-
  		• 'Heulandite'-
  		• Illite-
    K
     
    0.65
    		A
     
    2.0
    		 [][Al
     
    0.65
    		Si,
     
    3.35
    		O
     
    10
    		](OH)
     
    2
  		• 'Lévyne'-
  		• Melilite-
    (Ca,Na)
     
    2
    		(Al,Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)[(Al,Si)SiO
     
    7
    		]
  		• 'Phillipsite'-
  		• 'Pumpellyite'-
  		• 'Serpentine Group'-
    D
     
    2
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		](OH)4 + or - nH
     
    2
    		O


    155 entries listed. 138 valid minerals.

    Localities in this Region:
    Israel
     
    • Negev desert
      • Hatrurim Formation

    The above list contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database!
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register. Current server date and time: 29th Nov 2009 23:59:40