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Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal

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(Minas da Panasqueira, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal)

A tin-tungsten mine.

Panasqueira granite intrudes Precambrian marine shales, greywackes and sandstones.
Shales are converted into biotite cordierite andalusite hornfelses near the granite contact.
Irregular barren quartz masses were formed in shales (quartz segregation lenses) during Hercynian regional metamorphism.
Panasqueira muscovite-albite leucogranite batholith evolves upwards into a quartz-greisen cupola overlain by a quartz cap, from which related quartz veins (stockscheider) penetrate into the shales.
Later subhorizontal mineralized veins follow these quartz veins.

Four stages of mineralization are known:
1) Oxide-silicate stage (280-320°C): wolframite, cassiterite in quartz veins, arsenopyrite, topaz, muscovite and tourmaline
2) Sulfide stage: arsenopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, stannite, etc.
3) Pyrrhotite alteration stage
4) Carbonate stage: calcite and dolomite, minor sulfides



References:
- Mineral. Rec. (1971) 2 (2), 73-78.
- Bull. Minéral., 1988, 111, 251-256
- Bull. Minéral., 1984, 107, 703-713.
- Werner, A.B.T., Sinclair, W.D., and Amey, E.B. (1998): International Strategic Mineral Issues Summary Report - Tungsten. US Geological Survey Circular 930-O.

- http://www.fc.up.pt/geo/ecrofi/263.PDF
- http://www.panasqueira.net/

For further refs., see also 'Panasqueira'.





Map Reference: 40°9'N , 7°45'W

This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.



Mineral List:
  		•  Acanthite
    Ag
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Althausite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[(OH,F)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
  		•  Amblygonite
    LiAl[(F,OH)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Andalusite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 703-713.]
  		•  Ankerite
    Ca(Fe
    2+
     
    		 ,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Antimony
    Sb
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Apatite-(CaF)
    Ca
     
    5
    		[F|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Joseph A. Freilich
  		•  Arseniosiderite
    Ca
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
    3
    		[O
     
    2
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Arsenopyrite
    FeAsS - (Fe
     
    0.90
    		Co
     
    0.10
    		)AsS
    Reference: [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]; Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Kristalle and Crys
  		•  Berndtite
    SnS
     
    2
    Habit: Usually massive. "Type locality" for the -4H polytype of berndtite.
    Colour: yellow
    Fluorescence: no
    Reference: [Sopa de Pedras, A. M. Galopim de Carvalho, Gradiva, Lisbon]
  		•  Bertrandite
    Be
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Beryl
    Be
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Biotite
    Reference: [Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 703-713.]
  		•  Bismuth
    Bi
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Calcite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Martins da Pedra
  		•  Canfieldite
    Ag
     
    8
    		(Sn,Ge)(S,Te)
     
    6
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Cassiterite
    SnO
     
    2
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Rui Nunes 2005
  		•  Chalcocite
    Cu
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Chalcopyrite
    CuFeS
     
    2
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Rui Nunes 2008
  		•  'Chlorite Group'
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
  		•  Clinochlore
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		Al[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Knut Eldjarn]
  		•  Cordierite
    (Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
    Reference: [Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 703-713.]
  		•  Covellite
    CuS
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Cubanite
    CuFe
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Dolomite
    CaMg(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Rui Nunes 2005
  		•  Eta-bronze
    Cu
     
    6
    		Sn
     
    5
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Ferberite
    FeWO
     
    4
    Reference: [Sopas de Pedra, A. M. Galopim de Carvalho, LIsboa, Portugal]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © fabreminerals.com
  		•  Fluorite
    CaF
     
    2
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Rui Nunes 2005
  		•  Freibergite
    (Ag
     
    4+2x
    		Cu
     
    2-2x
    		)[(Cu, Ag)
     
    4
    		(Fe, Zn)
     
    2
    		]Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    12
    		S
     
    1-x
    		 (0 < x < 1)
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Galena
    PbS
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Nuno Sousa 2007
  		•  Goethite
    α-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Gold
    Au
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Gudmundite
    FeSbS
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Gypsum
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © jorge santos garcia
  		•  Hematite
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Hydrotungstite
    WO
     
    3
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Mackinawite
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Magnetite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Marcasite
    FeS
     
    2
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Martins da Pedra
  		•  Matildite
    AgBiS
     
    2
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Molybdenite
    MoS
     
    2
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Muscovite
    KAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Bull. Minéral. , 1984, 107, pp. 703-713.; Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Martins da Pedra
  		•  Panasqueiraite (TL)
    CaMg[(OH,F)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    Type Locality: Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    Reference: [Can.Min.(1981), 19, 389-392 and Can.Min.(1985), 23, 131 errata; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
     
  		•  Pavonite
    (Ag,Cu)(Bi,Pb)
     
    3
    		S
     
    5
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Pentlandite
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Pharmacosiderite
    KFe
    3+
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		] · 6-7H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Pyrite
    FeS
     
    2
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © fabreminerals.com
  		•  Pyrrhotite
    Fe
     
    7
    		S
     
    8
    		, (-4M), also given as Fe
     
    1-x
    		S (x = 0 - 0.2)
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
  		•  Quartz
    SiO
     
    2
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © fabreminerals.com
  		•  Rutile
    TiO
     
    2
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Scheelite
    Ca[WO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Scorodite
    Fe
    3+
     
    		AsO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Don Volkman 03/06
  		•  Siderite
    FeCO
     
    3
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © fabreminerals.com
  		•  Silver
    Ag
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Sphalerite
    (Zn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)S
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Martins da Pedra
  		•  Stannite
    Cu
     
    2
    		(Fe,Zn)SnS
     
    4
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Stibnite
    Sb
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Tetrahedrite
    (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)
     
    12
    		Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    13
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © fabreminerals.com
  		•  Thadeuite (TL)
    Ca(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[(OH,F)|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Type Locality: Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    Habit: tabular crystals
    Colour: rose or yellow
    Description: crystals in miarolitic caves
    Reference: [American Mineralogist (1979): 64: 359-361. ; American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
  		•  Topaz
    Al
     
    2
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
  		•  'Tourmaline'
    AD
     
    3
    		G
     
    6
    		(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		[T
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]Y
     
    3
    		Z
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © Rui Nunes 2005
  		•  Tungstite
    WO
     
    3
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Vivianite
    Fe
    2+
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
  		•  Wagnerite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[F|PO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Wolfeite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 67, pages 854-860, l982]
  		•  Wolframite ?
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		)WO
     
    4
     
     
    		to (Mn
    2+
     
    		)WO
     
    4
    Reference: [ Econ.Geol.: 83; 335-354]
    Site Photo
    Panasqueira Mines, Panasqueira, Covilhã, Castelo Branco District, Portugal
    © KrauklMinerals


    66 entries listed. 61 valid minerals. 2 type localities (valid minerals).

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