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Witwatersrand field, Free State Province, South Africa

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Ref.: Cousins, C.A. (1973) Platinoids of the Witwatersrand system. Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: 73: 184-199.

MacLean, P.J. and Fleet, M.E. (1989) Detrital pyrite in the Witwatersrand gold fields of South Africa: evidence from truncated growth banding. Economic Geology: 84: 2008-2011.

Fleet, M.E. (1998a) Detrital pyrite in Witwatersrand gold reefs: X-ray diffraction evidence and implications for atmospheric evolution. Terra Nova: 10: 302-306.

The Witwatersrand is a large basin of metamorphosed conglomerates that forms the greatest gold field in the world. It stretches for 350 km long by 200 km wide with a thickness that can excede 10,000m. The mines have reached depths of 3600m. It occurs in several provinces of South Africa.




Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities


Mineral List:
  		•  Anatase
    TiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  'Apatite'
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Arsenopyrite
    FeAsS - (Fe
     
    0.90
    		Co
     
    0.10
    		)AsS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Baryte
    BaSO
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Betafite
    (Ca,U)
     
    2
    		(Ti,Nb)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		(OH)
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Biotite
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Bornite
    Cu
     
    5
    		FeS
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Braggite
    (Pt,Pd,Ni)S
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Brannerite
    (U
    4+
     
    		,Ca)(Ti,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Witwatersrand field, Free State Province, South Africa
    © Thomas Witzke
  		•  Brookite
    TiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Calaverite
    AuTe
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Calcite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Cassiterite
    SnO
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Chalcocite
    Cu
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Chalcopyrite
    CuFeS
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  'Chlorite Group'
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Chloritoid
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Al
     
    2
    		[O|(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Chromite
    FeCr
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Cobaltite
    CoAsS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Coffinite
    (U,Th)[(OH)
     
    4x
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    1-x
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Columbite
    (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Cooperite
    (Pt,Pd,Ni)S
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Corundum
    Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Covellite
    CuS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Cubanite
    CuFe
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Diamond
    C
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Digenite
    Cu
     
    9
    		S
     
    5
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Dolomite
    CaMg(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Dyscrasite
    Ag
     
    3
    		Sb
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Epidote
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Erlichmanite
    OsS
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Euxenite-(Y)
    (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  'Feldspar Group'
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Galena
    PbS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  'Garnet Group'
    X
     
    3
    		Z
     
    2
    		(TO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		 (X = Ca, Fe, etc·, Z = Al, Cr, etc·, T = Si, As, V)
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Gersdorffite
    NiAsS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Geversite
    PtSb
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Glaucodot
    (Co
     
    0.50
    		Fe
     
    0.50
    		)AsS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Gold
    Au
    Reference: [No reference listed]
  		•  Graphite
    C
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Hematite
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Hercynite
    var: Picotite
    (Fe,Mg)(Al,Cr)
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Hollingworthite
    (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Ilmenite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		TiO
     
    3
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Irarsite
    (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Iridarsenite
    (Ir,Ru)As
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Iridium
    (Ir,Os,Ru)
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Iridium
    var: Osmiridium
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Iridium
    var: Platiniridium
    (Ir,Pt)
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Iridium
    var: Ruthenosmiridium
    (Ir,Os,Ru)
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Isoferroplatinum
    Pt
     
    3
    		Fe
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Kaolinite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Kyanite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Laurite
    RuS
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Leucoxene
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Linnaeite
    Co
    2+
     
    		Co
    3+
    2
    		S
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Löllingite
    FeAs
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Mackinawite
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Magnetite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Marcasite
    FeS
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Margarite
    CaAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1994) 89:909-918.]
  		•  Michenerite
    PdBiTe
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Millerite
    NiS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Molybdenite
    MoS
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  'Monazite'
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Moncheite
    (Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Muscovite
    KAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Nickeline
    NiAs
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Osarsite
    (Os,Ru)AsS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Osmium
    (Os,Ir,Ru)
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Osmium
    var: Iridosmine
    (Os,Ir)
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Pentlandite
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Proustite
    Ag
     
    3
    		AsS
     
    3
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Pyrite
    FeS
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Pyrophyllite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Pyrrhotite
    Fe
     
    7
    		S
     
    8
    		, (-4M), also given as Fe
     
    1-x
    		S (x = 0 - 0.2)
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Quartz
    SiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Rectorite
    (Na,Ca)Al
     
    4
    		(Si,Al)
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Ruthenarsenite
    (Ru,Ni)As
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Rutile
    TiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Safflorite
    (Co,Fe,Ni)As
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Silver
    Ag
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Skutterudite
    (Co,Fe,Ni)As
     
    2-3
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Sperrylite
    PtAs
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Sphalerite
    (Zn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)S
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Stibiopalladinite
    Pd
     
    5
    		Sb
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Stibnite
    Sb
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Stromeyerite
    AgCuS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Sudburyite
    (Pd,Ni)Sb
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Sudoite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Tellurium
    Te
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Tennantite
    (Cu,Ag,Fe,Zn)
     
    12
    		As
     
    4
    		S
     
    13
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Tetrahedrite
    (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)
     
    12
    		Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    13
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Thorite
    (Th,U)[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Thorite
    var: Uranothorite
    (Th,U)SiO
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Titanite
    CaTi[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  'Tourmaline'
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Troilite
    FeS
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Tučekite
    Ni
     
    9
    		Sb
     
    2
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Uraninite
    UO
     
    2
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Xenotime-(Y)
    YPO
     
    4
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]
  		•  Zircon
    Zr[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Minerals of South Africa]


    102 entries listed. 87 valid minerals.

    Localities in this Region:
    South Africa
     
    • Free State Province
      • Witwatersrand field
        • Theunissen
        • Virginia District

    The above list contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database!
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009. Jobs in South Africa Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register. Current server date and time: 3rd Nov 2009 17:34:18