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United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA

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A former surface and underground Cu-Pb-Au-Ag-Zn mine located in the center sec. 22, T.16N., R.2E. (Clarkdale 7.5 minute topo map). Discovered 1875. Started about 1876. First produced 1883. Claims extend into the NW¼, the N½SW¼ and the W½W½NE¼ of sec. 22, and the S½SW¼ of sec. 15.

Mineralization is a steeply-dipping, cylindrical body approximately 700 to 800 feet (215 to 246 meters) in diameter, extending down to a depth of 2,400 feet (or 3,100 feet if calculated from the level of the Precambrian peneplain). This was perhaps the world's largest pyritic sulfide orebody.

This mine was the site of a sulfide ore mine fire in which the sulfide ores burned, forming a suite of new species. Mining operations included various mechanisms to control the fire and its resulting fumes while the burning ore was mined.

Workings throughout the period the property was in operation totalled 81 miles of underground workings. Workings reached to the 3,515 level. The workings included a total of 8 shafts, of which 2 were the principal shafts, the No. 3 shaft collar was at about 5,509 feet of altitude and decended vertically to the 1950 foot level; the No. 4 shaft collar was at about 5,530 feet of altitude and went to the 1000 foot level. The 1000 foot level tunnel was the main haulage adit (Hopewell tunnel = 6,600 feet long). There was a 1,200 foot long adit at the 500 foot level. The No. 6 shaft went from the 500 foot level to the 1950 level. The No. 5 shaft went from the 800 level to the 2500 level. Production was 8,200,000 tons of ore to the end of 1918; or, 20,314,000 tons of ore (1880-1930). The ore yielded 1,959,098,900 pounds of Cu, 1,009,800 oz. Au and 34,586,000 oz. Ag.



References:
‡Ref.: Wells, H.L. & S.L. Penfield (1885), Gerhardtite and artificial cupric nitrates, American Journal of Science: 30: 50-57.

Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York.: 1094.

Guild, F.N. (1910), The Mineralogy of Arizona, The Chemical Publishing Co., Easton, PA.

University of Arizona Bull. 41 (1916-17), Mineralogy of Useful Minerals in Arizona: 25, 27, 56.

Reber, L.E., Jr. (1922), Geology and ore deposits of Jerome district, in A.I.M.E. Transactions, Vol. 66: 3-26.

Fearing, J.L., Jr. (1926), Some notes on the geology of the Jerome district, Arizona, Economic Geology: 21: 757-773.

Lindgren, W. (1926), Ore deposits of the Jerome and Bradshaw Mountains quadrangles, Arizona, USGS Bull. 782: 26, 27, 28-29, 31, 32, 61-78.

Anderson, C.A. (1927), Voltaite from Jerome, Arizona, American Mineralogist: 12: 287-290.

Butler, G.M. (1928), Corrections to Volume 13, American Mineralogist: 13: 594.

Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde Mine. American Mineralogist: 13: 203-229.

Ingalls, W.R. (1931) World Survey of the Zinc Industry, Mining and Metallurgical Society of America, 128pp.

Palache, C. (1934), Contributions to crystallography: Claudetite, minasragite, samsonite, native selenium, iridium, American Mineralogist: 19: 194-205.

Reber, L.E., Jr. (1938), Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 145: 49.

Schwartz, G.M. (1938), Oxidized copper ores of the United Verde Extension Mine, Economic Geology: 33: 21-33.

Buerger, M.S. (1942), The unit cell and space group of claudetite As2O3 (abstract), American Mineralogist: 27: 216.

Harcourt, G.A. (1942), Tables for the identification of ore minerals by X-ray powder patterns, American Mineralogist: 27: 63-113.

Galbraith, F.W. (1947), Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of Arizona: 9, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24.

Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai County, Arizona, USGS PP 308: 91, 92, 93, 94, 101-130.

Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of Arizona: 30, 45, 51, 56, 59, 60, 62, 63, 66, 67, 110.

Hutton, C.O. (1959a), Yavapaiite, an anhydrous potassium, ferric sulfate from Jerome, Arizona: American Mineralogist: 44: 1105-1114.

Cesbron, F. (1964), Contribution à la minéralogie des sulfates de fer hydraté, Bull. Soc. Franc. Min. Crist: 87:125-143.

Moxham, R.M., et al (1965), Gamma-ray spectrometer studies of hydrothermally altered rocks, Econ.Geol.: 60: 653-671.

Alenius, E.M.J. (1968) A Brief History of the United Verde Open Pit, Jerome, Arizona. Arizona Bureau of Mines Bull. 178: 33.

Laughon, R.B. (1970), New data on Guildite, American Mineralogist: 55: 502-505.

Wood, M.M. (1970), The crystal structure of ransomite, American Mineralogist: 55: 729-734.

Fanfani, L.A., et al (1971), The crystal structure of butlerite, American Mineralogist: 56: 751-757.

Graeber, E.J. & A. Rosenzweig (1971), The crystal structure of yavapaiite (KFe(SO4)2 and goldichite, KFe(SO4)2·4H2), American Mineralogist: 56: 1917-1933.

Anderson, C.A. and Nash, J.T. (1972) Geology of the Massive Sulfide Deposits at Jerome, Arizona – A Reinterpretation. Economic Geology: 67(7) (Nov, 1972): 845.

Anthony, J.W., et al (1972), The crystal structure of yavapaiite: A discussion, American Mineralogist: 57: 1546.

Economic Geology (1972): 67(7)[November, 1972].

Niemuth, N.J. (1987), Arizona Mineral Development 1984-1986, Arizona Department of Mines & Mineral Resources Directory 29, 46 pp.

Nickel & Nichols (1991), Mineral Reference Manual: 233.

Blair, Gerry (1992), The Rockhound's Guide to Arizona: Helena, MT, Falcon Press.

Niemuth, N.J. & K.A. Phillips (1992), Copper Oxide Resources, Arizona Department of Mines & Mineral Resources Open File Rept. 92-10: 18 (Table 1).

Sawyer, M.B., Gurmendi, A.C., Daley, M.R., and Howell, S.B. (1992) Principal Deposits of Strategic and Critical Minerals in Arizona, U.S. Bureau of Mines Special Publication, 334 pp.

Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49

Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 107, 120, 143, 147, 149, 161, 164, 167, 168, 170, 175, 177, 184, 186, 200, 204, 207, 230-231, 240, 242, 247, 249, 262, 272, 309, 341, 352, 356, 359, 366, 373, 378, 386, 391, 393, 416, 428-429.

Hansen, M.G. ( ) Diamond Drilling at the UV Mine, U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 6708.

USGS Munds Draw Quadrangle map.

USGS Clarkdale Quadrangle map.

Arizona Department of Mineral Resources United Verde file.

U.S. Bureau of Land Management Mining District Sheets 54 & 56.


MRDS database Dep. ID #10109023, MRDS ID #M002664; and, Dep. ID #10186256, MAS ID #0040251537.





 Map Reference: 34°45'0"N , 112°7'20"W

This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.



Mineral List:
  		•  Alunogen
    Al
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·17H
     
    2
    		O
    Description: By-product of burning pyritic ores.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 107; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 26, 27, 28-29, 31, 32, 61-78; Reber, L.E., Jr. (1938), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 145: 49; Univ. of AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17), Mineralogy of Useful Minerals in AZ: 25, 27, 56; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 9, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 63; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229.]
  		•  Ankerite
    Ca(Fe
    2+
     
    		 ,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Description: In pyritic ore; in the black schist (chlorite schist).
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 114; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 119; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 9, 12, 15, 16, 20, 24; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 51.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Antlerite
    Cu
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 147; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78.]
  		•  Arsenolite
    As
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Description: On burned ore matrix.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 120.]
  		•  Arsenopyrite
    FeAsS - (Fe
     
    0.90
    		Co
     
    0.10
    		)AsS
    Description: Occurs sparingly as small crystals throughout the orebody.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 120; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 92, 116; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 29, 61-78; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 24.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Atacamite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|Cl]
    Description: In small quantities.
    Reference: [Dana 6: 1094; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 45.]
  		•  Azurite
    Cu
     
    3
    		[OH|CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Dana 6: 1094; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78.]
    Site Photo
    United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    © 2002 John H. Betts
  		•  Bornite
    Cu
     
    5
    		FeS
     
    4
    Description: Occurs as both a primary & secondary mineral.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 143; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 91; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 29; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Schwartz, G.M. (1938), Oxidized copper ores of the United verde Extension Mine, Econ.Geol.: 33: 21-33.]
  		•  Brochantite
    Cu
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
    Description: Occurs lower part oxidized zone in chlorite schist.
    Reference: [Dana 6: 1094; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 543; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 147; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 63.]
  		•  Butlerite (TL)
    Fe
    3+
     
    		[OH|SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    Description: Thin crystalline coatings from burning pyritic ores.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 149; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Cesbron, F. (1964), Contribution à la minéralogie des sulfates de fer hydraté, Bull. Soc. Franc. Min. Crist: 87:125-143; Fanfani, L.A., et al (1971), The crystal structure of butlerite, Am.Min.: 56: 751-757; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 66.]
  		•  Calcite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Description: Common in late quartz-carbonate veins.
    Reference: [Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 93.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Chalcanthite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    Description: Stalactites to 2 feet long.
    Reference: [Dana 6: 1094; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 490; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 161; Guild, F.N. (1910), The mineralogy of Arizona; Univ. of AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17), Mineralogy of Useful Minerals in AZ: 27; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 60.]
  		•  Chalcocite
    Cu
     
    2
    		S
    Description: Occurs in the oxidized zone.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 164; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 27; Schwartz, G.M. (1938), Oxidized copper ores of the United verde Extension Mine, Econ.Geol.: 33:21-33; Fearing, J.L., Jr. (1926), Some notes on the geology of the Jerome district, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 21: 757-773; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 94; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 16.]
  		•  Chalcopyrite
    CuFeS
     
    2
    Description: Principal ore mineral in pyritic orebody.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 143, 147; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 16; Fearing, J.L., Jr. (1926), Some notes on the geology of the Jerome district, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 21: 757-773; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 91; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; ; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Chamosite
    var: Thuringite
    (Fe,Fe,Mg,Al)
     
    6
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(O,OH)
     
    8
    Description: Constit. of black schist that replaced rocks in region.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 168; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308.]
  		•  'Chlorite Group'
    Description: In black schist that replaced rocks in the region.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 170; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78.]
  		•  Chlorite Group
    var: Brunsvigite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Al)
     
    6
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    Reference: [Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 121.]
  		•  Claudetite
    As
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Description: Silky crystals filling small cavity above burned pyritic ores & as a foil.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 175; Palache, C. (1934), Contributions to crystallography: Claudetite, minasragite, samsonite, native selenium, iridium, Am.Min.: 19: 194-205; Buerger, M.S. (1942), The unit cell and space group of claudetite As2O3 (abstract), Am.Min.: 27: 216; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 30.]
  		•  Clinochlore
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		Al[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 121.]
  		•  Clinochlore
    var: Diabantite
    (Mg,Fe,Al)
     
    6
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    Reference: [Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 121.]
  		•  Clinochlore
    var: Ripidolite
    (Mg,Fe,Al)
     
    6
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    Description: A constituent of black schist that replaced rocks in the region.
    Reference: [Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308.]
  		•  Copiapite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    4
    		[OH|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 20H
     
    2
    		O
    Description: Incrustations nearly 1 cm thick, xls., xlline. masses from burning pyritic ores.
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 530, 626; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 186; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, American Mineralogist: 13: 203-229; Anderson, C.A. (1927), Voltaite from Jerome, Arizona, American Mineralogist: 12: 287-290; Anderson, C.A. (1927), Voltaite from Jerome, AZ, Am.Min.: 12: 287-290.]
  		•  Copper
    Cu
    Description: Oxidized zone.
    Reference: [Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 94.]
    Site Photo
    United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Coquimbite
    Fe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·9H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 186; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Anderson, C.A. (1927), Voltaite from Jerome, AZ, Am.Min.: 12: 287-290; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 63.]
  		•  Coquimbite
    var: Aluminous Coquimbite
    Description: Formed as by-product of burning pyritic ores.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 186; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Anderson, C.A. (1927), Voltaite from Jerome, AZ, Am.Min.: 12: 287-290.]
  		•  Covellite
    CuS
    Reference: [Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78.]
  		•  Cuprite
    Cu
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 230-231; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78; Wells, H.L. & S.L. Penfield (1885), Gerhardtite and artificial cupric nitrates, Am.Jour.Sci.: 30: 50-57; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 94.]
  		•  Cyanotrichite
    Cu
     
    4
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    12
    		|SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 147.]
  		•  Delafossite
    CuFeO
     
    2
    Habit: Tabular, to 8 mm on edge
    Colour: Black
    Description: Crusts of crystals perched on milky quartz.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 200.]
  		•  Digenite
    Cu
     
    9
    		S
     
    5
    Description: Distinct crystals in the fire zone.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 204; Harcourt, G.A. (1942), Tables for the identification of ore minerals by X-ray powder patterns, Am.Min.: 27: 63-113; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 9.]
  		•  Dolomite
    CaMg(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Description: A fairly abundant gangue mineral; common in late quartz-carbonate veins.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 207; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 93; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 30.]
  		•  Epidote
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Galena
    PbS
    Description: Small amounts; not in recoverable amounts.
    Reference: [Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 91.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Gerhardtite (TL)
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|NO
     
    3
    		]
    Type Locality: United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    Description: Crystals to ¼ inch on fractures in massive cuprite.
    Reference: [Wells, H.L. & S.L. Penfield (1885), Gerhardtite and artificial cupric nitrates, American Journal of Science: 30: 50-57; Dana 6: 1094; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 309; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 230-231; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 56.]
  		•  Gold
    Au
    Reference: [MRDS database Dep. ID #10109023, MRDS ID #M002664.]
  		•  Guildite (TL)
    CuFe
    3+
     
    		[OH|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    Habit: Rare to 5 mm
    Description: Occurs under fumerolic conditions resulting from burning pyritic ores
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 240; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, American Mineralogist: 13: 203-229; Laughon, R.B. (1970), New data on guildite, American Mineralogist: 55: 502-505; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of Arizona: 66.]
    Site Photo
    United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    © Brent Thorne
  		•  Gypsum
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Description: Abundant in decomposed dikes.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 242; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 31, 61-78.]
  		•  Hematite
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Hematite
    var: Specularite
    Description: In jaspery masses between diorite & ore or in schist ore; in late veinlets cutting the massive sulfide orebody.
    Reference: [ Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 247; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 92; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 26, 61-78; ]
  		•  Hessite
    Ag
     
    2
    		Te
    Description: Small blebs w. probable Zn-tennantite in chlorite matrix.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 249.]
  		•  Jarosite
    KFe
    3+
     
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Description: Dusted over yavapaiite & other sulphates formed by burning pyritic ore.
    Reference: [Hutton, C.O. (1959a), Yavapaiite, an anhydrous potassium, ferric sulfate from Jerome, AZ: Am.Min.: 44: 1105-1114; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 262.]
  		•  Jeromite
    Habit: Globular masses
    Colour: Black
    Description: On rocks beneath iron hoods over vents of burning pyritic ore.
    Reference: [Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, Am.Min.: 13: 203-229; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 262.]
  		•  Kaolinite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78.]
  		•  Lausenite (TL)
    Fe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    Description: Occurs as result of burning pyritic ores.
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 530; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 272; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, American Mineralogist: 13: 203-229; Butler, G.M. (1928), Corrections to Volume 13, American Mineralogist: 13: 594; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of Arizona: 62.]
    Site Photo
    United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    © 2007, JGW
  		•  Limonite
    FeO(OH)·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78.]
  		•  Magnetite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Description: In jaspery masses between diorite & ore or in schist ore.
    Reference: [Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 26, 61-78; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 92.]
  		•  Malachite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78.]
  		•  Nontronite
    Na
     
    0.3
    		Fe
     
    2
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Description: Occurs with limonite in gossan.
    Reference: [Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 110.]
  		•  'Prochlorite'
    Reference: [Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 121.]
  		•  Pyrite
    FeS
     
    2
    Description: One of the largest pyritic orebodies in the world.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 143, 341; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Schwartz, G.M. (1938), Oxidized copper ores of the United Verde Extension Mine, Econ.Geol.: 33:21-33; Fearing, J.L., Jr. (1926), Some notes on the geology of the Jerome district, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 21: 757-773; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 91, 116-117; Moxham, R.M., et al (1965), Gamma-ray spectrometer studies of hydrothermally altered rocks, Econ.Geol.: 60: 653-671; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 19.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Pyrrhotite
    Fe
     
    7
    		S
     
    8
    		, (-4M), also given as Fe
     
    1-x
    		S (x = 0 - 0.2)
    Reference: [MRDS database Dep. ID #10109023, MRDS ID #M002664.]
  		•  Quartz
    var: Jasper
    Reference: [MRDS database Dep. ID #10109023, MRDS ID #M002664.]
  		•  Quartz
    var: Milky Quartz
    Reference: [.: Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 200.]
  		•  Ransomite (TL)
    CuFe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    Description: Crusts & small tufts of xls. formed by burning pyritic ores.
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 519; Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 352; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Wood, M.M. (1970), The crystal structure of ransomite, Am.Min.: 55: 729-734; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 62.]
    Site Photo
    United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    © Thomas Witzke
  		•  Römerite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·14H
     
    2
    		O
    Description: Thin crusts on pyrite from fumerolic conditions by burning pyritic ore.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 356; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Wood, M.M. (1970), The crystal structure of ransomite, Am.Min.: 55: 729-734; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 62.]
  		•  Rutile
    TiO
     
    2
    Habit: 0.01 mm long
    Description: As well-developed small crystals; common in the black schist (chlorite schist).
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 359; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 119; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 30.]
  		•  Selenium
    Se
    Habit: Needle-like, to 2 cm long, bounded by 1st. & 2nd. order rhombohedrons.
    Description: Coatings of crystals on rock above burning pyritic orebody.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 366; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 12; Palache, C. (1934), Contributions to crystallography: Claudetite, minasragite, samsonite, native selenium, iridium, Am.Min.: 19: 194-205; Korbel & Novak, 1999. Minerals Encyclopaedia, p.17.]
  		•  'Sericite'
    Description: Occurs particularly with quartz porphyry and fine tuffaceous sedimentary rocks of the Grapevein Gulch formation.
    Reference: [ Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 309; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 92; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78; Moxham, R.M., et al (1965), Gamma-ray spectrometer stiudies of hydrothermally altered rocks, Econ.Geol.: 60: 653-671;]
  		•  Silver
    Ag
    Description: As thin layer high-grade ore in gossan immediately above sulfide orebody.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 373; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 61-78; Reber, L.E., Jr. (1938), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 145: 49; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 94; Galbraith, F.W. (1947), AZ Bur. of Mines Bull. 153, Minerals of AZ: 9.]
  		•  Sphalerite
    (Zn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)S
    Colour: Pale yellow, grayish-white
    Description: In pyritic ores; relatively abundant in low-grade pyritic masses.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 378; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 27; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Fearing, J.L., Jr. (1926), Some notes on the geology of the Jerome district, AZ, Econ.Geol.: 21: 757-773; Moxham, R.M., et al (1965), Gamma-ray spectrometer stiudies of hydrothermally altered rocks, Econ.Geol.: 60: 653-671; Univ. of AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17), Mineralogy of Useful Minerals in AZ: 56; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 91.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Sulphur
    S
     
    8
    Description: Deposited under sofataric conditions by partial burning pyritic ore.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 386.]
  		•  Tennantite
    (Cu,Ag,Fe,Zn)
     
    12
    		As
     
    4
    		S
     
    13
    Description: Abundant, last to form in paragenesis, veinlets in ore, replaces any older minerals.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 143, 391; Lindgren, W. (1926), USGS Bull. 782: 26, 61-78; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 92.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  Tennantite
    var: Argentiferous Tennantite
    Description: Anderson & Creasy provides analysis.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 391; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308.]
  		•  Tennantite
    var: Zincian Tennantite ?
    Description: Probable occurrence with hessite .
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 249.]
  		•  Tetrahedrite
    (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)
     
    12
    		Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    13
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 393; Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasy (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:29-49]
  		•  'Tourmaline'
    AD
     
    3
    		G
     
    6
    		(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		[T
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]Y
     
    3
    		Z
    Colour: Blue
    Description: Presence noted in one thin section of the black schist (chlorite schist).
    Reference: [Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 119.]
  		•  Voltaite
    K
     
    2
    		Fe
    2+
    5
    		Fe
    3+
    3
    		Al[SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    12
    		 · 18H
     
    2
    		O
    Habit: Cubo-octahedral to 5 mm
    Colour: Black
    Description: Resinous crystals formed by burning pyritic ore.
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 416; Lausen, C. (1928), Hydrous sulphates formed under fumerolic conditions at the United Verde mine, AmMin: 13: 203-229; Anderson, C.A. (1927), Voltaite from Jerome, AZ, Am.Min.: 12: 287-290; Hutton, C.O. (1959a), Yavapaiite, an anhydrous potassium, ferric sulfate from Jerome, AZ: Am.Min.: 44: 1105-1114; Galbraith, F.W. & Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 59.]
  		•  Yavapaiite (TL)
    KFe(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    Type Locality: United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    Reference: [Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 262, 428-429; Anthony, J.W., et al (1972), The crystal structure of yavapaiite: A discussion, Am.Min.: 57: 1546; Graeber, E.J. & A. Rosenzweig (1971), The crystal structure of yavapaiite KFe(SO4)2 and goldichite, KFe(SO4)2·4H2, Am.Min.: 56: 1917-1933; Hutton, C.O. (1959a), Yavapaiite, an anhydrous potassium, ferric sulfate from Jerome, AZ: Am.Min.: 44: 1105-1114; Nickel & Nichols (1991), Mineral Reference Manual: 233.]
    Site Photo
    United Verde Mine (The Big Hole; Big Hole property; Hull Mine; Hopewell tunnel; Patented claim 3480; Patented claim 2812; Patented claims 3348), Jerome, Verde District, Black Hills (Black Hill Range), Yavapai Co., Arizona, USA
    © 2008, JGW
  		•  Zircon
    Zr[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Habit: 0.001 to 0.002 mm long; some to 0.07 mm
    Description: Common in the black schist (chlorite schist); commonly surrounded by pleochroic haloes as large as 0.006 mm across; larger crystals haloes to 0.07 mm across.
    Reference: [Anderson, C.A. & S.C. Creasey (1958), Geology and ore deposits of the Jerome area, Yavapai Co., AZ, USGS PP 308: 119.]


    69 entries listed. 53 valid minerals. 6 type localities (valid minerals).

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