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Turkey

StandardDetailedBy ChemistryMineral Photos (145)Search GoogleMineral Report for Region

References:
- Cahit, H., and Alonso, R.N. (2000): Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; a Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 9, 1-27.




Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities


Mineral List:
  		•  Acanthite
    Ag
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Actinolite
    ☐Ca
     
    2
    		(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		(Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		)(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  'Adularia'
    KAlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Aegirine
    NaFe
    3+
     
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [Okay, A.I. (1997): Mineralogical Magazine 61, 835-843.]
  		•  Aikinite
    PbCuBiS
     
    3
    Reference: [A. Willgallis et al. : "Se- and Te-bearing sulphides in copper ore deposits of Murgul, NE Turkey", Eur. J. Mineral., 1990, 2, pp. 145-148. ]
  		•  Albite
    Na[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Description: Secondary albite (alteration).
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  'Albite-Anorthite Series'
    Reference: [Oyman, T., Minareci, F., and Pişkin, Ö. (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 35-53.]
  		•  Almandine (TL)
    Fe
    2+
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Type Locality: Alabanda, Aydin Province, Aegean Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols]
  		•  Alunite
    KAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: []
  		•  'Amber'
    Reference: [various photographs]
    Site Photo
    South-Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey
     
  		•  'Amphibole Group'
    Reference: [Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.]
  		•  Analcime
    Na
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Anatase
    TiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Andalusite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Whitney, D.L. (2002): American Mineralogist 87, 405-416.]
  		•  Andradite
    Ca
     
    3
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Reference: []
  		•  'Andradite-Grossular Series'
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  Anglesite
    PbSO
     
    4
    Reference: [Çağatay, A., and Arman, B. (1989): Geological Bulletin of Turkey 32, 15-20.]
  		•  Anhydrite
    CaSO
     
    4
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Anilite
    Cu
     
    7
    		S
     
    4
    Reference: [Beih. z. Eur. J. Mineral 18 (2006) 28]
  		•  Ankerite
    Ca(Fe
    2+
     
    		 ,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Annabergite
    Ni
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1989)84:780-787]
  		•  Anorthite
    Ca[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]
  		•  Anorthoclase
    (Na,K)[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [Cahit, H., and Alonso, R.N. (2000): Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 9, 1-27.]
  		•  'Apatite'
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  Apatite-(CaOH)
    Ca
     
    5
    		[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287]
  		•  Aragonite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Koc, S., Kavrazli, O., and Kocak, I. (2008): Proceedings of the 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo (Norway), Aug 6-14, 2008.]
  		•  Arsenopyrite
    FeAsS - (Fe
     
    0.90
    		Co
     
    0.10
    		)AsS
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Artinite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|CO
     
    3
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287]
  		•  Asbolane
    (Ni,Co)
     
    2-x
    		Mn
    4+
     
    		(O,OH)
     
    4
    		 · nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Masurenko, C., and Tanaskovic, D. (2007), In: Andrew, C.J. et al. (eds.): Proc. 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin (Ireland), August 20-24, 2007.]
  		•  Augite
    (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ti)[(Si,Al)
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [Şentürk, K., and Okay, A. (1981-82): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 97-98, 72-75.]
  		•  Aurichalcite
    (Zn,Cu)
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Richard Bayerl collection]
  		•  Awaruite
    Ni
     
    3
    		Fe
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1984) 79:177-184]
  		•  'Axinite'
    Reference: [Dr. Sonia Tonarini (Pisa) results (Talk at Vienna University, 19 May 2008)]
  		•  Axinite-(Mn)
    Ca
     
    2
    		Mn
    2+
     
    		Al
     
    2
    		[OH|BSi
     
    4
    		O
     
    15
    		]
    Reference: [Oyman, T., Minareci, F., and Pişkin, Ö. (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 35-53.]
  		•  'Axinite-(Mn)-Tinzenite Series'
    Reference: [Oyman, T., Minareci, F., and Pişkin, Ö. (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 35-53.]
  		•  Azurite
    Cu
     
    3
    		[OH|CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Beih. z. Eur. J. Mineral 18 (2006) 28]
  		•  Bakerite
    Ca
     
    4
    		B
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|HBO
     
    4
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Barroisite
    ☐[CaNa][Mg
     
    3
    		AlFe
    3+
     
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    7
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 47-56.]
  		•  Baryte
    BaSO
     
    4
    Reference: []
  		•  'Bastnäsite'
    Reference: [Stumpfl, E.F., and Kirikoglu, M.S. (1985): Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft 78, 193-200.]
  		•  'Bentonite'
    Description: montmorrilonite
    Reference: [Canbensan.com]
  		•  Biotite
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Bixbyite
    (Mn
    3+
     
    		,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Blödite
    Na
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Am Min 66:632-635]
  		•  Böhmite
    AlO(OH)
    Reference: [Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.]
  		•  Borax
    Na
     
    2
    		[B
     
    4
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 10H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
  		•  Bornite
    Cu
     
    5
    		FeS
     
    4
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  'Bournonite-Seligmannite Series'
    Reference: [Çağatay, A., and Arman, B. (1989): Geological Bulletin of Turkey 32, 15-20.]
  		•  Braunite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Mn
    3+
    6
    		[O
     
    8
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Brockite
    (Ca,Th,Ce)(PO
     
    4
    		)·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Stumpfl, E.F., and Kirikoglu, M.S. (1985): Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft 78, 193-200.]
  		•  Brucite
    Mg(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287]
  		•  Bursaite
    Pb
     
    5
    		Bi
     
    4
    		S
     
    11
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  Bustamite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Ca)[SiO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Cahnite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[AsO
     
    4
    		|B(OH)
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist; April 1979; v. 64; no. 3-4; p. 362-366]
  		•  Calcite
    CaCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
    Site Photo
    Turkey
    © 2002 John H. Betts
  		•  Calcite
    var: Manganoan Calcite
    (Ca,Mn)CO
     
    3
    Reference: [Öztürk, H., and Frakes, L.A. (1995): Ore Geology Reviews 10, 117-131.]
  		•  Cassiterite
    SnO
     
    2
    Reference: [Sarp, H., Černý, R. (2005) Yazganite, NaFe3+2(Mg,Mn)(AsO4)3·H2O, a new mineral: its description and crystal structure. European Journal of Mineralogy 17(2), 367-374.]
  		•  Celestine
    SrSO
     
    4
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Cerussite
    PbCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Cervantite
    Sb
    3+
     
    		Sb
    5+
     
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: []
  		•  Chalcanthite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Demir, Y. et al. (2009): Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 185, 215-232.]
  		•  'Chalcedony'
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  'Chalcedony
    var: Chrome-Chalcedony'
    Reference: [Cigdem Lule-Whipp (2006) Gems & Gemology, 42, 115.]
  		•  Chalcocite
    Cu
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Chalcopyrite
    CuFeS
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
    Site Photo
    Yusufeli, Artvin Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
     
  		•  Chantalite (TL)
    CaAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Type Locality: Covur Yokusutepe Hill, Doganbaba, Taurus Mts, Burdur Province, Mediterranean Region, Turkey
    Reference: [American Mineralogist: 63: 1282]
  		•  'Chlorite Group'
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Chloritoid
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Al
     
    2
    		[O|(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Çetinkaplan, M., Candan, O., Oberhänsli, R., and Bousquet, R. (2007): Lithos 104(1-4), 12-32.]
  		•  Chromite
    FeCr
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]
    Site Photo
    Turkey
    © Pedro González
  		•  Chrysotile
    Mg
     
    3
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287]
  		•  Cinnabar
    HgS
    Reference: []
  		•  Clausthalite
    PbSe
    Reference: [Özgür, N. (1993): Resource Geology, Special Issue 17, 180-185.]
  		•  'Clay'
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 342.]
  		•  Clinochlore
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		Al[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]
    Site Photo
    Kop Krom mine, Kop Daglari, Erzurum Province, Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey
    © 2004 ROM
  		•  Clinochlore
    var: Chromian Clinochlore
    Mg
     
    5
    		(Al,Cr)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    Reference: [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    Site Photo
    Kop Krom mine, Kop Daglari, Erzurum Province, Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey
    © Saul Krotki 2005
  		•  'Clinoptilolite'
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Clinozoisite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 47-56.]
  		•  'Clinozoisite-Epidote Series'
    Reference: [Turkish J. Earth Sci. 9:47-56 (2000)]
  		•  'Coal
    var: Lignite'
    Reference: []
  		•  Colemanite
    Ca[B
     
    3
    		O
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    3
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
    Site Photo
    Kütahya Province, Aegean Region, Turkey
    © Charles Creekmur
  		•  Copper
    Cu
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1984) 79:177-184]
  		•  Corrensite
    (Mg,Fe)
     
    9
    		(Si,Al)
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		(OH)
     
    10
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Koc, S., Kavrazli, O., and Kocak, I. (2008): Proceedings of the 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo (Norway), Aug 6-14, 2008.]
  		•  Corundum
    Al
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: []
  		•  Covellite
    CuS
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Cristobalite
    SiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.]
  		•  Crossite
    Reference: [Okay, A.I. (2002): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 757-768.]
  		•  Cryptomelane
    K(Mn
    4+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    8
    		O
     
    16
    Reference: [Öztürk, H., and Frakes, L.A. (1995): Ore Geology Reviews 10, 117-131.]
  		•  Cubanite
    CuFe
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [Billor, Z. (2003): 37th Annual Meeting of the North-Central Section of the Geological Society of America, Kansas City (Missouri, USA), March 24-25, 2003.]
  		•  Cuprite
    Cu
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1984) 79:177-184]
  		•  Defernite (TL)
    Ca
     
    6
    		(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2-x
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    x
    		(OH)
     
    7
    		(Cl,OH)
     
    1-2x
    		 (x=0.5)
    Type Locality: Güneyce-Ikizdere, Rize Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Bull.Soc.fr.Min.Crist.(1980) 103, 185-189]
  		•  Descloizite
    Pb(Zn,Cu)[OH|VO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [M Kampf collection]
    Site Photo
    Keban Mine, Keban, Elazig Province, Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey
    © Christian Bracke
  		•  Diaspore
    AlO(OH)
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Mugla Province, Aegean Region, Turkey
    © Rob Lavinsky
  		•  Dickite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: []
  		•  Digenite
    Cu
     
    9
    		S
     
    5
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Diopside
    CaMg[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: []
  		•  'Diopside-Hedenbergite Series'
    Reference: [Öztürk, Y.Y., Helvacı, C., and Satır, M. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 271-284.]
  		•  Dolomite
    CaMg(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Dolomite
    var: Ferroan Dolomite
    Reference: [Akçay, M., Özkan, H.M., Spiro, B., Wilson, R., and Hoskin, P.W.O. (2003): Mineralogical Magazine 67(4), 671-688.]
  		•  Dravite
    [Na][Mg
     
    3
    		][Al
     
    6
    		][(OH)
     
    3
    		|OH|(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]
    Reference: [Mineral. Petrol. 94 (2008) 195-208.]
  		•  Enargite
    Cu
     
    3
    		AsS
     
    4
    Reference: [http://www.odysseyresources.com/i/pdf/Curtis-AltintepeReport.pdf]
  		•  Enstatite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.]
  		•  Ephesite (TL)
    NaLiAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Type Locality: Gumuch-dagh, Efes (Ephesus), Izmir Province, Aegean Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Contr. Min. Pet. 85 (1984), 74]
  		•  Epidote
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Fe
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
    Site Photo
    Turkey
    © 2001 John H. Betts
  		•  'Erionite'
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Eugsterite (TL)
    Na
     
    4
    		Ca(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Karapinar, Great Konya Basin, Konya Province, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Am. Min. 66 (1981), 632]
  		•  Ferroglaucophane
    [ ][Na
     
    2
    		][Fe
    2+
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [Okay, A.I. (2002): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 757-768.]
  		•  'Florencite'
    Reference: [Stumpfl, E.F., and Kirikoglu, M.S. (1985): Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft 78, 193-200.]
  		•  'Fluocerite'
    Reference: [Stumpfl, E.F., and Kirikoglu, M.S. (1985): Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft 78, 193-200.]
  		•  Fluorite
    CaF
     
    2
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  Foitite
    [ ][Fe
    2+
    2
    		(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)][Al
     
    6
    		][(OH)
     
    3
    		|OH|(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]
    Reference: [Canadian Mineralogist 37: 155-161.; Mineral. Petrol. 94 (2008) 195-208.]
  		•  Forsterite
    Mg
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.]
  		•  Freibergite
    (Ag
     
    4+2x
    		Cu
     
    2-2x
    		)[(Cu, Ag)
     
    4
    		(Fe, Zn)
     
    2
    		]Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    12
    		S
     
    1-x
    		 (0 < x < 1)
    Reference: [Beih. z. Eur. J. Mineral 18 (2006) 28]
  		•  Galena
    PbS
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
    Site Photo
    Yusufeli, Artvin Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
     
  		•  'Garnet Group'
    X
     
    3
    		Z
     
    2
    		(TO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		 (X = Ca, Fe, etc·, Z = Al, Cr, etc·, T = Si, As, V)
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  'Garnierite'
    Reference: [Masurenko, C., and Tanaskovic, D. (2007), In: Andrew, C.J. et al. (eds.): Proc. 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin (Ireland), August 20-24, 2007.]
  		•  Gersdorffite
    NiAsS
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1989)84:780-787]
  		•  Glauberite
    Na
     
    2
    		Ca(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Am Min 66:632-635]
  		•  Glaucophane
    [ ][Na
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [Turkish J. Earth Sci. 9:47-56 (2000)]
  		•  Goethite
    α-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [Masurenko, C., and Tanaskovic, D. (2007), In: Andrew, C.J. et al. (eds.): Proc. 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin (Ireland), August 20-24, 2007.]
  		•  Gold
    Au
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Gold
    var: Electrum
    (Au, Ag)
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Graphite
    C
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Grossular
    Ca
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Reference: [Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 47-56.]
  		•  'Grossular-Hibschite Series'
    Reference: [American Mineralogist: 63: 1282]
  		•  Gypsum
    Ca[SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Halite
    NaCl
    Reference: []
  		•  Halloysite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Hausmannite
    MnMn
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Heazlewoodite
    Ni
     
    3
    		S
     
    2
    Reference: [Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287]
  		•  Hedenbergite
    CaFe
    2+
     
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [Oyman, T., Minareci, F., and Pişkin, Ö. (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 35-53.]
  		•  Hematite
    Fe
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Hematite
    var: Martite
    Reference: [Sadiklar, M.B., Sipahi, F., Bernhardt, J.-H., and Uysal, I. (2007): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2007, A4057.]
  		•  Hessite
    Ag
     
    2
    		Te
    Reference: [A. Willgallis et al. : "Se- and Te-bearing sulphides in copper ore deposits of Murgul, NE Turkey", Eur. J. Mineral., 1990, 2, pp. 145-148. ]
  		•  'Heulandite'
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Hillebrandite
    Ca
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  'Hornblende'
    Reference: [Turkish J. Earth Sci. 9:47-56 (2000)]
  		•  Howlite
    Ca
     
    2
    		B
     
    5
    		SiO
     
    9
    		(OH)
     
    5
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Hydroboracite
    CaMg[B
     
    3
    		O
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mining Annual Review(1985):128.]
    Site Photo
    Bigadiç Mine, Bigadiç, Balikesir Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
    © GiovanniFraccaro
  		•  'Hydrogarnet'
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1989)84:780-787]
  		•  Hydromagnesite
    Mg
     
    5
    		[(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287]
  		•  Hydrotalcite
    Mg
     
    6
    		Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    16
    		|CO
     
    3
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]
  		•  Hydrozincite
    Zn
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [Çağatay, A., and Arman, B. (1989): Geological Bulletin of Turkey 32, 15-20.]
  		•  Idaite
    Cu
     
    5
    		FeS
     
    6
    Reference: [Çağatay, A., and Arman, B. (1989): Geological Bulletin of Turkey 32, 15-20.]
  		•  Illite
    K
     
    0.65
    		A
     
    2.0
    		 [][Al
     
    0.65
    		Si,
     
    3.35
    		O
     
    10
    		](OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Ilmenite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		TiO
     
    3
    Reference: [Turkish J. Earth Sci. 9:47-56 (2000)]
  		•  Inderborite
    CaMg(H
     
    3
    		B
     
    3
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/T%FCrkei/Eskisehir/Kirka/Sarikaya; Baysal, O. (1972) : A mineralogical study and genesis of Sarıkaya (Kırka) borate deposits. Hacettepe University, Ankara.]
  		•  Inderite
    Mg(H
     
    4
    		B
     
    3
    		O
     
    7
    		)(OH) · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/T%FCrkei/Eskisehir/Kirka/Sarikaya; Baysal, O. (1972) : A mineralogical study and genesis of Sarıkaya (Kırka) borate deposits. Hacettepe University, Ankara.]
  		•  Inyoite
    Ca(H
     
    4
    		B
     
    3
    		O
     
    7
    		)(OH) · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Irarsite
    (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
    Reference: [N. Jb. Mineral. 185 (2009) 323-333]
  		•  Jacobsite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Jadeite
    Na(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [Çetinkaplan, M., Candan, O., Oberhänsli, R., and Bousquet, R. (2007): Lithos 104(1-4), 12-32.]
  		•  Kaolinite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1993) 88:606-621]
  		•  Kermesite
    Sb
     
    2
    		S
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1989)84:780-787]
  		•  Kernite
    Na
     
    2
    		[B
     
    4
    		O
     
    6
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  'K Feldspar'
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Killalaite
    Ca
     
    3
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 0.5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  Konyaite (TL)
    Na
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Cakmak, Great Konya Basin, Konya Province, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Amer.Min.(1982) 67, 1035-1038]
    Site Photo
    Great Konya Basin, Konya Province, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey
    © 2008, JGW
  		•  Kurnakovite
    Mg(H
     
    4
    		B
     
    3
    		O
     
    7
    		)(OH) · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/T%FCrkei/Eskisehir/Kirka/Sarikaya; Baysal, O. (1972) : A mineralogical study and genesis of Sarıkaya (Kırka) borate deposits. Hacettepe University, Ankara.]
  		•  Kutnohorite
    Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    Reference: [Öztürk, H., and Frakes, L.A. (1995): Ore Geology Reviews 10, 117-131.]
  		•  Kyanite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Whitney, D.L. (2002): American Mineralogist 87, 405-416.]
  		•  Laumontite
    CaAl
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    12
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1993) 88:606-621]
  		•  Laurite
    RuS
     
    2
    Reference: [N. Jb. Mineral. 185 (2009) 323-333]
  		•  Lawsonite
    CaAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Davis, P.B., and Whitney, D.L. (2006): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 24(9), 823-849.]
  		•  Lawsonite
    var: Chromian Lawsonite
    Ca(Al,Cr)
     
    2
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		](OH)
     
    2
    		 · H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Sherlock, S.C., and Okay, A.I. (1999): Mineralogical Magazine 63(5), 687-692.]
  		•  Lepidocrocite
    γ-Fe
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Lepidolite
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Leucite
    KAlSi
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    Reference: []
  		•  Leucoxene
    Reference: [Oyman, T., Minareci, F., and Pişkin, Ö. (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 35-53.]
  		•  Liebigite (TL)
    Ca
     
    2
    		(UO
     
    2
    		)[CO
     
    3
    		]
     
    3
    		 · 11H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Adrianople, Edirne Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Smith, J.L. (1848) American Journal of Science: 5: 336; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 241..]
  		•  Limonite
    FeO(OH)·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Loughlinite
    Na
     
    2
    		Mg
     
    3
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    16
    		·8H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.]
  		•  Luzonite
    Cu
     
    3
    		AsS
     
    4
    Reference: [http://www.odysseyresources.com/i/pdf/Curtis-AltintepeReport.pdf]
  		•  Mackinawite
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1984) 79:177-184]
  		•  Magnesiochromite
    MgCr
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Am Min 88:1817-1821]
  		•  Magnesite
    MgCO
     
    3
    Reference: []
  		•  Magnetite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Magnetite
    var: Titaniferous Magnetite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Ti)
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.]
  		•  Malachite
    Cu
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|CO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  'Manganepidote'
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  'Manganese Oxides'
    Reference: [Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.]
  		•  Manganite
    Mn
    3+
     
    		O(OH)
    Reference: [Oyman, T., Minareci, F., and Pişkin, Ö. (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 35-53.]
  		•  Marcasite
    FeS
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Matildite
    AgBiS
     
    2
    Description: Mixed with galena (T>225°C).
    Reference: [A. Willgallis et al. : "Se- and Te-bearing sulphides in copper ore deposits of Murgul, NE Turkey", Eur. J. Mineral., 1990, 2, pp. 145-148. ]
  		•  Mckinstryite
    (Ag,Cu)
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [Beih. z. Eur. J. Mineral 18 (2006) 28]
  		•  Mercury
    Hg
    Reference: []
  		•  Metacinnabar
    HgS
    Reference: [Özgür, N., Halbach, P., Pekdeğer, A., Sommer-von Jarmersted, C., Sönnez, N., Dora, O.Ö., Ma, C.-S., Wolf, M., and Stichler, W. (1997), In: Papunen, H. (ed.): Proc. 4th Biennial SGA Meeting, Turku (Finland), August 11-13, 1997, 269-273.]
  		•  Metastibnite
    Sb
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1989)84:780-787]
  		•  Meyerhofferite
    Ca
     
    2
    		(H
     
    3
    		B
     
    3
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		 · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Bigadiç, Balikesir Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
    © Marco Barsanti
  		•  Millerite
    NiS
    Reference: [Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey. 88, Pages 10-11. 1977]
  		•  Moissanite
    SiC
    Habit: Platey hexagonal crystals to 1.5mm.
    Reference: [Am Min 88:1817-1821]
  		•  Molybdenite
    MoS
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  'Monazite'
    Reference: [Stumpfl, E.F., and Kirikoglu, M.S. (1985): Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft 78, 193-200.]
  		•  Montmorillonite
    (Na,Ca)
     
    0.33
    		(Al,Mg)
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Mordenite
    (Na
     
    2
    		,Ca,K
     
    2
    		)Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    10
    		O
     
    24
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1993) 88:606-621]
  		•  Muscovite
    KAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  Muscovite
    var: Fuchsite
    K(Al,Cr)
     
    3
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Petraschek, W.E. (1967): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 68, 39-50.]
  		•  Natroalunite
    (Na,K)Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    Reference: [http://www.odysseyresources.com/i/pdf/Curtis-AltintepeReport.pdf]
  		•  Natrolite
    Na
     
    2
    		[Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
    Site Photo
    Samsun, Samsun Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
    © 2005 M. Kampf
  		•  Nesquehonite
    MgCO
     
    3
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Am Min 66:632-635]
  		•  Nontronite
    Na
     
    0.3
    		Fe
     
    2
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Masurenko, C., and Tanaskovic, D. (2007), In: Andrew, C.J. et al. (eds.): Proc. 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin (Ireland), August 20-24, 2007.]
  		•  'Olivine'
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]
  		•  Omphacite
    (Ca,Na)(Mg,Al)[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    Reference: [Turkish J. Earth Sci. 9:47-56 (2000)]
  		•  Opal
    SiO
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mineralien Welt 2001 02 p.53]
    Site Photo
    Eskisehir Province, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey
     
  		•  Opal
    var: Fire Opal
    Reference: []
  		•  Opal
    var: Opal-CT
    SiO
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Mutlu, H., Sariiz, K., and Kadir, S. (2005): Ore Geology Reviews 26, 39-50.]
  		•  Orpiment
    As
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: [American Mineralogist; April 1979; v. 64; no. 3-4; p. 362-366]
  		•  Orthoclase
    K[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: []
  		•  Paragonite
    NaAl
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Turkish J. Earth Sci. 9:47-56 (2000)]
  		•  Parthéite (TL)
    CaAl
     
    2
    		Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    8
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Belenköysirti Hill, Doganbaba, Taurus Mts, Burdur Province, Mediterranean Region, Turkey
    Reference: [http://rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/partheite.pdf.]
  		•  Pentlandite
    (Fe,Ni)
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287]
  		•  Perovskite
    CaTiO
     
    3
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  Phengite
    Reference: [Turkish J. Earth Sci. 9:47-56 (2000)]
  		•  'Phillipsite'
    Reference: [P Bongaerts collection]
    Site Photo
    Trabzon (Trapezunt), Trabzon Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
    © Paul Bongaerts
  		•  Phlogopite
    KMg
     
    3
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Piemontite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    2
    		Mn
    3+
     
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [Okay, A.I. (1997): Mineralogical Magazine 61, 835-843.]
  		•  Platinum
    Pt
    Reference: [N. Jb. Mineral. 185 (2009) 323-333]
  		•  Plumbojarosite
    PbFe
    3+
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    3
    		|SO
     
    4
    		]
     
    4
    Description: Important constituent of lead ores.
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 569.]
  		•  Polyhalite
    K
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [rruff.geo.arizona.edu/doclib/hom/polyhalite.pdf.]
  		•  Powellite
    Ca[MoO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 1080.]
  		•  Prehnite
    Ca
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    12
    		(OH)
    Reference: [American Mineralogist: 63: 1282]
  		•  Priceite
    Ca
     
    2
    		B
     
    5
    		O
     
    7
    		(OH)
     
    5
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Probertite
    NaCaB
     
    5
    		O
     
    7
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
    Site Photo
    Bandırma (Panderma), Balikesir Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
    © L Kruszewski 2006
  		•  'Psilomelane'
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Pyrargyrite
    Ag
     
    3
    		SbS
     
    3
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Pyrite
    FeS
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
    Site Photo
    Trabzon Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
    © 2001 John H. Betts
  		•  Pyroaurite
    Mg
     
    6
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    16
    		|CO
     
    3
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]
  		•  Pyrolusite
    MnO
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Pyrophyllite
    Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Yigit, O., Nelson, E.P., and Hitzman, M.W. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 689-696.]
  		•  Pyrosmalite-(Mn)
    (Mn,Fe)
     
    8
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		(OH,Cl)
     
    10
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  'Pyroxene Group'
    Reference: [Okay, A.I. (1981): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 75(3), 179-186.]
  		•  Pyrrhotite
    Fe
     
    7
    		S
     
    8
    		, (-4M), also given as Fe
     
    1-x
    		S (x = 0 - 0.2)
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Quartz
    SiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
    Site Photo
    Kepsut, Balikesir Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
     
  		•  Quartz
    var: Flint
    Reference: []
  		•  Ranciéite
    (Ca,Mn)Mn
     
    4
    		O
     
    9
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Realgar
    As
     
    4
    		S
     
    4
    Reference: [American Mineralogist; April 1979; v. 64; no. 3-4; p. 362-366]
    Site Photo
    Bigadiç, Balikesir Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
    © Marco Barsanti
  		•  Rhodochrosite
    MnCO
     
    3
    Reference: []
  		•  Rhodonite
    MnSiO
     
    3
    Reference: [Oyman, T., Minareci, F., and Pişkin, Ö. (2003): Ore Geology Reviews 23, 35-53.]
  		•  Rivadavite
    Na
     
    6
    		Mg[B
     
    6
    		O
     
    7
    		(OH)
     
    6
    		]
     
    4
    		 · 10H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Romanèchite
    (Ba,H
     
    2
    		O)
     
    2
    		Mn
     
    5
    		O
     
    10
    Reference: [Öztürk, H., and Frakes, L.A. (1995): Ore Geology Reviews 10, 117-131.]
  		•  Rustumite
    Ca
     
    10
    		(Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		)
     
    2
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)Cl
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  Rutile
    TiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Sanidine
    K[AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    8
    		]
    Reference: [Cahit, H., and Alonso, R.N. (2000): Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 9, 1-27.]
  		•  'Scapolite'
    Reference: [Öztürk, Y.Y., Helvacı, C., and Satır, M. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 34, 271-284.]
  		•  Scheelite
    Ca[WO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  Schorl
    [Na][Fe
    2+
    3
    		][Al
     
    6
    		][(OH)
     
    3
    		|OH|(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		|Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]
    Reference: [Mineral. Petrol. 94 (2008) 195-208.]
  		•  Scorodite
    Fe
    3+
     
    		AsO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Çağatay, A., and Arman, B. (1989): Geological Bulletin of Turkey 32, 15-20.]
  		•  Sepiolite
    Mg
     
    4
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    15
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Echle, W. (1967): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 14, 86-101.]
  		•  'Sericite'
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  'Serpentine Group'
    D
     
    2
    		[Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		](OH)4 + or - nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [N. Jb. Mineral. 185 (2009) 323-333]
  		•  Siderite
    FeCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Silicon
    Si
    Reference: [Am Min 88:1817-1821]
  		•  Sillimanite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Whitney, D.L. (2002): American Mineralogist 87, 405-416.]
  		•  Silver
    Ag
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  'Smectite Group'
    A
     
    0.3
    		D
     
    2-3
    		[T
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		]Z
     
    2
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Smithsonite
    ZnCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Spessartine
    Mn
    2+
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Sphalerite
    (Zn,Fe
    2+
     
    		)S
    Reference: [Yilmaz, A., Ünlü, T., and Sayili, I.S. (1992): Mineral Research and Exploration Bulletin 114, 27-50.]
  		•  Spinel
    var: Chromspinel
    Mg(Al,Cr
    3+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		O
     
    4
    Reference: [Thorne, R., Herrington, R., and Roberts, S. (2009): Mineralium Deposita 44, 581-595]
  		•  Spurrite
    Ca
     
    5
    		[CO
     
    3
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  Stannite
    Cu
     
    2
    		(Fe,Zn)SnS
     
    4
    Reference: [Çağatay, A., and Arman, B. (1989): Geological Bulletin of Turkey 32, 15-20.]
  		•  Staurolite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Zn)
     
    1.5-2
    		Al
     
    9
    		[O
     
    6
    		|(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Whitney, D.L. (2002): American Mineralogist 87, 405-416.]
  		•  Stibnite
    Sb
     
    2
    		S
     
    3
    Reference: []
  		•  'Stilbite'
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Stilpnomelane
    (K,Ca,Na)(Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    8
    		(Si,Al)
     
    12
    		(O,OH)
     
    36
    		 · nH
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Şentürk, K., and Okay, A. (1981-82): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 97-98, 72-75.]
  		•  Strontianite
    SrCO
     
    3
    Reference: [Stumpfl, E.F., and Kirikoglu, M.S. (1985): Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Geologischen Gesellschaft 78, 193-200.]
  		•  Sulphur
    S
     
    8
    Reference: [American Mineralogist; April 1979; v. 64; no. 3-4; p. 362-366]
  		•  Taenite
    (Fe,Ni)
    Reference: [Meteoritical Society 72nd meeting, 5294(2009)]
  		•  Talc
    Mg
     
    3
    		Si
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    Reference: [Masurenko, C., and Tanaskovic, D. (2007), In: Andrew, C.J. et al. (eds.): Proc. 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin (Ireland), August 20-24, 2007.]
  		•  Tellurium
    Te
    Reference: [Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990]
  		•  Tennantite
    (Cu,Ag,Fe,Zn)
     
    12
    		As
     
    4
    		S
     
    13
    Description: Bi-rich tennantite.
    Reference: [A. Willgallis et al. : "Se- and Te-bearing sulphides in copper ore deposits of Murgul, NE Turkey", Eur. J. Mineral., 1990, 2, pp. 145-148. ]
  		•  'Tennantite-Tetrahedrite Series'
    Reference: [Özgür, N. (1993): Resource Geology, Special Issue 17, 180-185.]
  		•  Tenorite
    CuO
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1984) 79:177-184]
  		•  Tephroite
    Mn
    2+
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Tertschite (TL)
    Ca
     
    4
    		B
     
    10
    		O
     
    19
    		·20H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Kurtpınarı mine, Faraşköy (Faraş), Bigadiç, Balikesir Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Fortschritte der Mineralogie (1953), 31, 39-42.]
  		•  Teruggite
    Ca
     
    4
    		Mg[AsO
     
    4
    		|B
     
    6
    		O
     
    7
    		(OH)
     
    6
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 12H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [J.W. Anthony, R.A. Bideaux, K.W. Bladh, M.C. Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. V (2003); American Mineralogist; April 1979; v. 64; no. 3-4; p. 362-366]
  		•  Tetradymite
    Bi
     
    2
    		Te
     
    2
    		S
    Reference: [A. Willgallis et al. : "Se- and Te-bearing sulphides in copper ore deposits of Murgul, NE Turkey", Eur. J. Mineral., 1990, 2, pp. 145-148. ]
  		•  Tetrahedrite
    (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)
     
    12
    		Sb
     
    4
    		S
     
    13
    Reference: []
  		•  Tetrahedrite
    var: Argentian Tetrahedrite
    Reference: [Yilmaz, H., Tolga, O., Arehart, G.B., Colakoglu, A.R., and Billor, Z. (2007): Ore Geology Reviews 32, 81-124.]
  		•  Tetrataenite
    FeNi
    Reference: [Meteoritical Society 72nd meeting, 5294(2009)]
  		•  Thenardite
    Na
     
    2
    		SO
     
    4
    Reference: [Am Min 66:632-635]
  		•  'Thomsonite'
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]
  		•  Tincalconite
    Na
     
    2
    		[B
     
    4
    		O
     
    7
    		] · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Titanite
    CaTi[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Reference: [Şentürk, K., and Okay, A. (1981-82): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 97-98, 72-75.]
  		•  Tobermorite
    Ca
     
    5
    		Si
     
    6
    		(O,OH)
     
    18
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  'Tourmaline'
    AD
     
    3
    		G
     
    6
    		(BO
     
    3
    		)
     
    3
    		[T
     
    6
    		O
     
    18
    		]Y
     
    3
    		Z
    Reference: [Okay, A.I. (2002): Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, 757-768.]
  		•  Trabzonite (TL)
    Ca
     
    4
    		Si
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Güneyce-Ikizdere, Rize Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  Tremolite
    ☐[Ca
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    5
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Si
     
    8
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  Tremolite
    var: Chrome-Tremolite
    Reference: [www.mta.gov.tr/english/dergi/derg84.html]
  		•  Tridymite
    SiO
     
    2
    Reference: [Sarp, H., Černý, R. (2005) Yazganite, NaFe3+2(Mg,Mn)(AsO4)3·H2O, a new mineral: its description and crystal structure. European Journal of Mineralogy 17(2), 367-374.]
  		•  Troilite
    FeS
    Reference: [Meteoritical Society 72nd meeting, 5294(2009)]
  		•  Trona
    Na
     
    3
    		H(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    2
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: []
  		•  Tunellite
    SrB
     
    6
    		O
     
    9
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
  		•  Ulexite
    NaCa[B
     
    5
    		O
     
    6
    		(OH)
     
    6
    		] · 5H
     
    2
    		O
    Reference: [CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27]
    Site Photo
    Bigadiç Mine, Bigadiç, Balikesir Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
    © Antonio Borrelli
  		•  UM1977-03-COSiO:CaClH (TL)
    Ca
     
    10
    		(SiO
     
    4
    		)(CO
     
    3
    		)
     
    7
    		(Cl,OH)
     
    2
    Type Locality: Güneyce-Ikizdere, Rize Province, Black Sea Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Am.Min. 64,658(1979)]
  		•  UM1983-09-S:BiPbTe (TL)
    PbBi
     
    3
    		S
     
    2
    		Te
    Type Locality: Biga peninsula, Balikesir Province, Marmara Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Valid Unnamed Minerals]
  		•  Uvarovite
    Ca
     
    3
    		Cr
     
    2
    		[SiO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    Reference: [MinRec 9:284-285]; Mineralogical Record, 9(5), 277-287]
  		•  Valentinite
    Sb
     
    2
    		O
     
    3
    Reference: [Econ Geol (1989)84:780-787]
  		•  Vanadinite
    Pb
     
    5
    		[Cl|(VO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: [No reference listed]
    Site Photo
    Keban Mine, Keban, Elazig Province, Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey
    © 2006 M. Kampf
  		•  Veatchite-A (TL)
    Sr
     
    2
    		B
     
    11
    		O
     
    16
    		(OH)
     
    5
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Emet borate deposit (Killik mine), Emet, Kütahya Province, Aegean Region, Turkey
    Reference: [American Mineralogist; April 1979; v. 64; no. 3-4; p. 362-366]
    Site Photo
    Emet borate deposit (Killik mine), Emet, Kütahya Province, Aegean Region, Turkey
    © 2008, JGW
  		•  Vesuvianite
    Ca
     
    10
    		(Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    9
    		O
     
    34
    		(OH)
     
    4
    Reference: [Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497]
  		•  Vuagnatite (TL)
    CaAl[OH|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    Type Locality: Bögürtlencik Tepe, Doganbaba, Taurus Mts, Burdur Province, Mediterranean Region, Turkey
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]
  		•  Wolframite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		)WO
     
    4
     
     
    		to (Mn
    2+
     
    		)WO
     
    4
    Reference: [Tolun, R. (1954-55): Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Foreign Edition, 46/47, 106-127.]
  		•  Wollastonite
    Ca[SiO
     
    3
    		]
    Reference: []
  		•  Yarrowite
    Cu
     
    9
    		S
     
    8
    Reference: [Beih. z. Eur. J. Mineral 18 (2006) 28]
  		•  Yazganite (TL)
    NaFe
    3+
    2
    		(Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)[AsO
     
    4
    		]
     
    3
    		 · H
     
    2
    		O
    Type Locality: Erciyes volcanic complex, Kayseri Province, Central Anatolia Region, Turkey
    Reference: [Sarp, H., Černý, R. (2005) Yazganite, NaFe3+2(Mg,Mn)(AsO4)3·H2O, a new mineral: its description and crystal structure. European Journal of Mineralogy 17(2), 367-374.]
  		•  'Zeolite Group'
    Reference: [Öztürk, H. (1997): Ore Geology Reviews 12, 187-203.]
  		•  Zinkenite
    Pb
     
    9
    		Sb
     
    22
    		S
     
    42
    Reference: [Ref.: A.H. Clark, Inst. Mining Met. Trans. B76[1967] 117/8]
  		•  Zoisite
    {Ca
     
    2
    		}{Al
     
    3
    		}[O|OH|SiO
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    7
    		]
    Reference: [American Mineralogist, Volume 61, pages 825-830, 1976]


    308 entries listed. 237 valid minerals. 12 type localities (valid minerals). 3 type localities (others).

    Localities in this Region:
    Turkey
     
        • Kale
        • Efes (Ephesus)
        • Emet
          • Emet Borate deposit
        • Pazarla
        • Tavşanlı Zone
        • Turgutlu
        • Dalaman
        • Muğla ophiolite
        • Yatagan
        • Merzifon
        • Artvin
        • Bulancak
        • Şebinkarahisar
          • Demirköy
        • Çayeli
        • Turhal
        • Bahçecik
        • Kasa Keskin
        • Ücret
        • Mihaliççik
        • Kaman
        • Yalnizağaç
        • Çamardı
        • Gülpinar
        • Sorgun
        • Kirazlı
        • Kop Daglari
        • Çiralı
        • Tunceli
        • Ayvalık
          • Bayramiç
          • Faraşköy (Faraş)
          • Iskeleköy (Iskele)
        • Havran
        • Susurluk
          • Sultançayırı (Sultan Tschair)
        • Bursa
          • Mt Uludağ W deposit
        • Mustafa Kemalpafla
          • Harmancık
        • Kazdağ range
      • Istanbul Province
        • Binkiliç
        • Balaban
        • Şarköy
        • Gazipaşa
        • Cukurdere
        • Ergani (Arghana; Osmaniye; Erganiosmaniye)

    The above list contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database!
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register. Current server date and time: 26th Nov 2009 16:13:43