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Emperor Mine, Vatukoula, Vatukoula Gold Field (Tavua Gold Field), Viti Levu, Fiji i
Regional Level Types
Emperor Mine Mine
Vatukoula Town
Vatukoula Gold Field (Tavua Gold Field) Ore Field (Active)
Viti Levu Island
Fiji Country

Regional Level Types
Emperor Mine	Mine
Vatukoula	Town
Vatukoula Gold Field (Tavua Gold Field)	Ore Field (Active)
Viti Levu	Island
Fiji	Country

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Emperor Mine 1973

Emperor Mine, Vatukoula, Vatukoula Gold Field, Viti Levu, Fiji

Emperor Mine 1973

Emperor Mine, Vatukoula, Vatukoula Gold Field, Viti Levu, Fiji

Emperor Mine 1973

Emperor Mine, Vatukoula, Vatukoula Gold Field, Viti Levu, Fiji

Emperor Mine 1973

Emperor Mine, Vatukoula, Vatukoula Gold Field, Viti Levu, Fiji

Emperor Mine 1973

Emperor Mine, Vatukoula, Vatukoula Gold Field, Viti Levu, Fiji

Emperor Mine 1973

Emperor Mine, Vatukoula, Vatukoula Gold Field, Viti Levu, Fiji

Emperor Mine 1973

Emperor Mine, Vatukoula, Vatukoula Gold Field, Viti Levu, Fiji

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

17° 30' 24'' South , 177° 51' 11'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

G#: ruykrjhb7

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Af : Tropical rainforest climate

Nearest Settlements:

Place	Population	Distance
Ba	14,596 (2016)	19.2km
Lautoka	52,500 (2016)	44.4km
Nadi	42,284 (2017)	56.8km

Mindat Locality ID:

14889

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:14889:9

GUID (UUID V4):

8c34e92d-577c-4412-8513-8d927f682bd8

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Vatukoula Mine; Vatukoula Gold Mine; Lolomo Mine

Au(-Ag) mine. Epithermal vein deposits within the Tavua Caldera. Quartz stockwork in olivine basalts and trachybasalts belonging to a caldera complex. Opened 1933.

Located 60 km NE of Nadi, at the northern tip of the main Island of Viti Levu, in the Nakaudavadra Mountains about 100 km NW of Suva and 8 km inland from the coast (Smith et al. 2008).

The mine has over the years, sparingly produced some exceptional specimens of various gold tellurides. The geology appears to be similar to that of Cripple Creek. When Rock Currier visited the mine in 1973, walking and sliding down through the stopes he saw a number of refrigerator size open pockets lined with pyramidal quartz crystals with no other obvious mineralization. He got some specimens from the mine office and had the distinct feeling that over the years if someone had been looking for specimens, a great many would have been found. [Rock Currier 2012]

"Operating for over 75 years, the mine has produced in excess of seven million ounces of gold." (...) "The mine is currently both an open pit and underground operation, however in the medium term it will become predominantly an underground mine." (Vatukoula Gold Mines plc, info from company website, accessed August 2016).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Gold

Mineral List

45 valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Altaite

Formula: PbTe

References:

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Afifi, Abdulkader M., Kelly, William C., Essene, Eric J. (1988) Phase relations among tellurides, sulfides, and oxides; Pt. II, Applications to telluride-bearing ore deposits. Economic Geology, 83 (2) 395-404 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.395

Pals, D. W., Spry, P. G. (2003) Telluride mineralogy of the low-sulfidation epithermal Emperor gold deposit, Vatukoula, Fiji. Mineralogy and Petrology, 79 (3) 285-307 doi:10.1007/s00710-003-0013-5

ⓘ Anatase

Formula: TiO₂

References:

ⓘ 'Andorite'

Formula: AgPbSb₃S₆

References:

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Arsenopyrite

Formula: FeAsS

References:

Econ. Geol.: 83: 395-404

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished) .

ⓘ Baryte

Formula: BaSO₄

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Benleonardite

Formula: [Ag₆(Sb,As)₂S₆Te][Ag₉Cu(S,Te)₂Te₂]

References:

ⓘ Bournonite

Formula: PbCuSbS₃

References:

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Calaverite

Formula: AuTe₂

References:

Econ.Geol.: 83: 395-404

Naden, Jon

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Anthony, John Williams, Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, Arizona.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Econ.Geol.: 83: 395-404.

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Cinnabar

Formula: HgS

References:

Kwak, T. A. (1990). Geochemical and temperature controls on ore mineralization at the Emperor gold mine, Vatukoula, Fiji. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 36(1), 297-337.

ⓘ Coloradoite

Formula: HgTe

References:

Econ.Geol.: 83: 395-404.

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Econ Geol (1987) 82: 345-370.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Empressite

Formula: AgTe

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

Econ.Geol.: 83: 395-404.

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Econ Geol (1987) 82: 345-370.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Gold

Formula: Au

References:

Mining Annual Review 91985): 379.

Naden, Jon

Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished)

Metal Mining Mining Geol., A.I.M.E. (1937): 310.

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

References:

ⓘ Hessite

Formula: Ag₂Te

References:

Econ.Geol.: 83: 395-404.

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

Naden, Jon

Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished)

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'

Formula: KAlSi₃O₈

References:

Naden, Jon

Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished)

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Kolbeckite

Formula: ScPO₄ · 2H₂O

References:

Museum Victoria (Australia) collection, no. M40094

Birch, W. D. (2015): A note on kolbeckite from the Emperor mine, Viti Levu, Fiji. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 17, 91-93.

ⓘ Krennerite

Formula: Au₃AgTe₈

References:

Econ.Geol.: 83: 395-404.

Naden, Jon

Econ Geol (1987) 82: 345-370.

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

Fornadel, A. P., Spry, P. G., & Jackson, S. E. (2019). Geological controls on the stable tellurium isotope variation in tellurides and native tellurium from epithermal and orogenic gold deposits: application to the Emperor gold-telluride deposit, Fiji. Ore Geology Reviews, 103076.

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Marcasite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Melonite

Formula: NiTe₂

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Naden, Jon

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

References:

Naden, Jon

Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished)

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Naden, Jon

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Nagyágite

Formula: [Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃

References:

ⓘ Naumannite

Formula: Ag₂Se

References:

Pals, D.W., Spry, P.G. (2003) Telluride mineralogy of the low-sulfidation. Mineralogy and Petrology: 79: 285–307.

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

ⓘ Pearceite

Formula: [Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Petzite

Formula: Ag₃AuTe₂

References:

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Polybasite

Formula: [Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]

References:

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Econ Geol (1987) 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Proustite

Formula: Ag₃AsS₃

References:

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Econ Geol (1987) 82: 345-370.

ⓘ Pyrargyrite

Formula: Ag₃SbS₃

References:

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370.

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

Naden, Jon

Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished)

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

ⓘ Pyrite var. Arsenic-bearing Pyrite

Formula: Fe(S,As)₂

References:

ⓘ Pyrolusite

Formula: Mn⁴⁺O₂

References:

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

Mineralogy and Petrology (2003) 79: 285–307

ⓘ Realgar

Formula: As₄S₄

References:

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

ⓘ Roscoelite

Formula: K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

Naden, Jon

Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished)

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62..

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Stibnite

Formula: Sb₂S₃

References:

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

ⓘ Stützite

Formula: Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36

References:

✪ Sylvanite

Formula: AgAuTe₄

Habit: up to 1cm

Colour: gray

References:

Mineralogical Record 8:391

Naden, Jon

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

Fornadel, A.P., Spry, P.G., Jackson, S.E. (2019. Geological controls on the stable tellurium isotope variation in tellurides and native tellurium from epithermal and orogenic gold deposits: application to the Emperor gold-telluride deposit, Fiji. Ore Geology Reviews, 103076.

✪ Tellurium

Formula: Te

References:

Naden, Jon

Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished)

Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370

ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S

References:

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62.

ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'

Formula: Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S

References:

Naden, Jon

Boirat, J.M., Lum, J. (1987) Les minéralisations aurifères de la caldeira de Tavua, Fidji. Chronique de la recherche minière: 486: 55-62., BRGM.

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Henney, P.J. (1995) Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished).

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

References:

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Gold	1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ	Tellurium	1.CC.10	Te
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Naumannite	2.BA.55	Ag₂Se
ⓘ	Hessite	2.BA.60	Ag₂Te
ⓘ	Stützite	2.BA.65	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36
ⓘ	Petzite	2.BA.75	Ag₃AuTe₂
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Coloradoite	2.CB.05a	HgTe
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Empressite	2.CB.80	AgTe
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Altaite	2.CD.10	PbTe
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Cinnabar	2.CD.15a	HgS
ⓘ	Stibnite	2.DB.05	Sb₂S₃
ⓘ	Sylvanite	2.EA.05	AgAuTe₄
ⓘ	Calaverite	2.EA.10	AuTe₂
ⓘ	Krennerite	2.EA.15	Au₃AgTe₈
ⓘ	Melonite	2.EA.20	NiTe₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	var. Arsenic-bearing Pyrite	2.EB.05a	Fe(S,As)₂
ⓘ	Marcasite	2.EB.10a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Arsenopyrite	2.EB.20	FeAsS
ⓘ	Realgar	2.FA.15a	As₄S₄
ⓘ	Pyrargyrite	2.GA.05	Ag₃SbS₃
ⓘ	Proustite	2.GA.05	Ag₃AsS₃
ⓘ	Bournonite	2.GA.50	PbCuSbS₃
ⓘ	'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	'Tennantite Subgroup'	2.GB.05	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)As₄S₁₂S
ⓘ	Pearceite	2.GB.15	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
ⓘ	Polybasite	2.GB.15	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
ⓘ	Nagyágite	2.HB.20a	[Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃
ⓘ	Benleonardite	2.LA.50	[Ag₆(Sb,As)₂S₆Te][Ag₉Cu(S,Te)₂Te₂]
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Pyrolusite	4.DB.05	Mn⁴⁺O₂
ⓘ	Anatase	4.DD.05	TiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘ	Baryte	7.AD.35	BaSO₄
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘ	Kolbeckite	8.CD.05	ScPO₄ · 2H₂O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Roscoelite	9.EC.15	K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ	var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Orthoclase	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Andorite'	-	AgPbSb₃S₆
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'var. Adularia'	-	KAlSi₃O₈

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Kolbeckite	ScPO₄ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Roscoelite	K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Kolbeckite	ScPO₄ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Roscoelite	K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Roscoelite	K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Roscoelite	K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Kolbeckite	ScPO₄ · 2H₂O
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Andorite	AgPbSb₃S₆
S	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
S	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
S	ⓘ Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
S	ⓘ Benleonardite	[Ag₆(Sb,As)₂S₆Te][Ag₉Cu(S,Te)₂Te₂]
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Cinnabar	HgS
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Nagyágite	[Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃
S	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
S	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
S	ⓘ Proustite	Ag₃AsS₃
S	ⓘ Pyrargyrite	Ag₃SbS₃
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Realgar	As₄S₄
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
S	ⓘ Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
S	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
S	ⓘ Pyrite var. Arsenic-bearing Pyrite	Fe(S,As)₂
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
K	ⓘ Roscoelite	K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Sc	Scandium
Sc	ⓘ Kolbeckite	ScPO₄ · 2H₂O
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Anatase	TiO₂
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
V	Vanadium
V	ⓘ Roscoelite	K(V³⁺,Al)₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mn	Manganese
Mn	ⓘ Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Marcasite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite var. Arsenic-bearing Pyrite	Fe(S,As)₂
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Melonite	NiTe₂
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
Cu	ⓘ Benleonardite	[Ag₆(Sb,As)₂S₆Te][Ag₉Cu(S,Te)₂Te₂]
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Cu	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Cu	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
Cu	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
As	ⓘ Benleonardite	[Ag₆(Sb,As)₂S₆Te][Ag₉Cu(S,Te)₂Te₂]
As	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
As	ⓘ Proustite	Ag₃AsS₃
As	ⓘ Realgar	As₄S₄
As	ⓘ Tennantite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)As₄S₁₂S
As	ⓘ Pyrite var. Arsenic-bearing Pyrite	Fe(S,As)₂
Se	Selenium
Se	ⓘ Naumannite	Ag₂Se
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Andorite	AgPbSb₃S₆
Ag	ⓘ Benleonardite	[Ag₆(Sb,As)₂S₆Te][Ag₉Cu(S,Te)₂Te₂]
Ag	ⓘ Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Empressite	AgTe
Ag	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Ag	ⓘ Krennerite	Au₃AgTe₈
Ag	ⓘ Naumannite	Ag₂Se
Ag	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Ag	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Ag	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Ag	ⓘ Proustite	Ag₃AsS₃
Ag	ⓘ Pyrargyrite	Ag₃SbS₃
Ag	ⓘ Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36
Ag	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Andorite	AgPbSb₃S₆
Sb	ⓘ Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
Sb	ⓘ Benleonardite	[Ag₆(Sb,As)₂S₆Te][Ag₉Cu(S,Te)₂Te₂]
Sb	ⓘ Nagyágite	[Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃
Sb	ⓘ Polybasite	[Ag₆Sb₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Sb	ⓘ Pyrargyrite	Ag₃SbS₃
Sb	ⓘ Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
Sb	ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C₂²⁺)Sb₄S₁₂S
Te	Tellurium
Te	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Te	ⓘ Benleonardite	[Ag₆(Sb,As)₂S₆Te][Ag₉Cu(S,Te)₂Te₂]
Te	ⓘ Calaverite	AuTe₂
Te	ⓘ Coloradoite	HgTe
Te	ⓘ Empressite	AgTe
Te	ⓘ Hessite	Ag₂Te
Te	ⓘ Krennerite	Au₃AgTe₈
Te	ⓘ Melonite	NiTe₂
Te	ⓘ Nagyágite	[Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃
Te	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Te	ⓘ Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36
Te	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Te	ⓘ Tellurium	Te
Ba	Barium
Ba	ⓘ Baryte	BaSO₄
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Calaverite	AuTe₂
Au	ⓘ Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Gold	Au
Au	ⓘ Krennerite	Au₃AgTe₈
Au	ⓘ Nagyágite	[Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃
Au	ⓘ Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂
Au	ⓘ Sylvanite	AgAuTe₄
Hg	Mercury
Hg	ⓘ Cinnabar	HgS
Hg	ⓘ Coloradoite	HgTe
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Altaite	PbTe
Pb	ⓘ Andorite	AgPbSb₃S₆
Pb	ⓘ Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS
Pb	ⓘ Nagyágite	[Pb₃(Pb,Sb)₃S₆](Au,Te)₃

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

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References

Metal Mining & Mining Geology, Transactions of the American Institute of Mining & Metallurgical Engineers (1937) 310.

Mining Annual Review (1985) 379 (in part).

Ahmad, M., Solomon, M., Walshe, J.L (1987) Mineralogical and geochemical studies of the Emperor gold telluride deposit, Fiji. Economic Geology: 82: 345-370.

Pals, D.W., Spry, P.G., Chryssoulis, S. (2003) Invisible Gold and Tellurium in Arsenic-Rich Pyrite from the Emperor Gold Deposit, Fiji: Implications for Gold Distribution and Deposition. Economic Geology: 98: 479-493.

Wilson, Wendell E., Smith, Bill, Smith, Carol (2008) The Emperor mine, Vatukoula, Viti Levu, Fiji. The Mineralogical Record, 39 (4) 297-301

Birch, W.D. (2015) A note on kolbeckite from the Emperor mine, Viti Levu, Fiji. Australian Journal of Mineralogy: 17: 91-93.

Fornadel, A.P., Spry, P.G., Jackson, S.E. (2019) Geological controls on the stable tellurium isotope variation in tellurides and native tellurium from epithermal and orogenic gold deposits: application to the Emperor gold-telluride deposit, Fiji. Ore Geology Reviews, 113: 103076.

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