Gem gravels, Ratnapura, Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lankai
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Gem gravels | - not defined - |
Ratnapura | Divisional secretariat |
Ratnapura District | District |
Sabaragamuwa Province | Province |
Sri Lanka | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
6° North , 80° East (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~16km
KΓΆppen climate type:
Mindat Locality ID:
3147
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:3147:2
GUID (UUID V4):
1bde0a96-ad1c-4300-9afd-ae58524d6ac8
The island of Sri Lanka (aka Ceylon or Serendib) has a heritage for gem mining and trading that dates back 2000 years. Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated in the Indian Ocean, off the southern tip of India. Sri Lanka has earned its namesake as the 'Gem Island' or 'Island of Gems' (Ratna Dweepa), with its abundance of corundum gems, chrysoberyl and alexandrite, garnet, moonstone, peridot, spinel, topaz, tourmaline, and zircon. During the 16th century, Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama said of Sri Lanka: "Ceylon has all the fine cinnamon of the Indies and the best sapphires."
Sapphire & Ruby from Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is known for its Ceylon Blue, and Padparadscha (aka padmaraga) sapphire, named after the island's lotus flower, and its unique soft pastel orange-pink color. The name 'Padparadscha' comes from the Sanskrit or Singhalese "padma raga" meaning 'lotus blossom.' The traditional mining areas of Ceylon were located in the vicinity of Ratnapura, about 100 kilometers south-east of the capital of Colombo.
Sapphire from Sri Lanka occurs in a wide range of hues from Padparadscha, Ceylon and cornflower-blue, to green, orange, pink, purple, white (geuda) and yellow. Sri Lanka's 'Geuda sapphire' is a semi-opaque milk-white stone that can be heated to a deep blue.
The gem trading center for Sri Lanka is in the town of Ratnapura (Singhalese for "gem town"), about 100 kilometers southeast of the capital, Colombo.
Heat Treated Material from Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka has a two thousand year history of heating their rubies to enhance the reddish-pink color, and remove any bluish or purplish hues. Sri Lanka's "burners" traditionally apply heat treatment using a blow-pipe and charcoal burner, to super-heat the stone.
The government has instituted a five-year program to increase Sri Lanka's share of the heat-treatment industry by advancing experimentation in heat-treatment technologies [3]. The Sri Lankan government is also opening up new lands to sapphire mining in the central part of the country.
It is a common sight to see vendors in Sri Lanka's Ratnapura's Newitigala 'morning gem market,' and Thailand's Muang Chan's (Chanthaburi's) 'weekend market' selling Sri Lankan sapphires alongside of material from Madagascar and Tanzania that was treated in Sri Lanka ("geuda sapphires").
Gem Mining in Sri Lanka
The government works in cooperation with land/farm owners to manage and allocate mining rights to their land in exchange for a percentage of the profit, should any gemstone be found on the property. The government sees to it that the land is not spoiled by mining operations, through strict regulation of low-impact mining proceedures.
Gem mining in Sri Lanka is primarily from alluvial secondary deposits found in gem-bearing river gravels (illam), in ancient flood plains and streams that are now covered with productive farm land and terraced rice paddies. To access the gem-bearing gravel, 5 to 50 foot deep mining pits are hand-dug by teams of several workers, pumping out any ground-water as it enters the hole from below. When the pit is dug to the correct depth, tunnels are dug horizontally in several directions to minimize surface degradation.
Sluicing with conical-shaped baskets is used to extract the gems from the illam clay, gravel and sand slurry. The basket is swirled around until the heavier stones (Jathi) settle to the bottom of the basket.
The Ratnapura region was the first locality to mine sapphire on the island. Significant gem-mines throughout Sri Lanka are the Bibile sapphire mines (central), Elehara Gem Fields (near Ratnapura), Metiyagoda moonstone mines (south-west coastal), Morawaka (south-central), Nuwara Eliya mines (mountainous tea plantation area), and Pelmadulla sapphire mines (15 km south-east of Ratnapura).
Sri Lanka's Bibile area is located in the central-eastern region of the island in the Uva Province. Ceylon-blue sapphire is mined in pits, dug into the rice paddies that carpet the valley floor. Alluvial sapphire deposits are found in gem-bearing river gravels (illam), in ancient flood plains and streams that are now covered with farm land.
Sri Lanka's alluvial Elahera Gem Fields are located in the Matale District near the Wasgomuwa strict natural reserve, in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka; 115 km north-east of Colombo. The Elahera Gem Fields are estimated to produce up to 35% of the gemstones exports from Sri Lanka. The Elahera mines contain a variety of of gem-quality minerals including chrysoberyl, garnet, sapphire, spinel, tourmaline, and zircon.
Sri Lanka's Nuwara Eliya mining region (Tea Country) is located north-east of Adams Peak (2224m) in the northern part of Sabaragamuwa province Nuwara-Eliya District. The high mountainous Nuwara Eliya region of Sri Lanka (1806m) is famous for its tea plantations.
Sri Lanka's Pelmadulla Mine is located 15 km south-east of Ratnapura (aka "City of Gems") in the Sabaragamuwa province of south-central Sri Lanka. Ratnapura's Pelmadulla mines are the traditional hand-dug pit mines found under rice paddies as well as mechanized small-scale mining operations. Ceylon-blue and Padparadscha sapphire is mined in pits, dug in the fields that carpet the valley floor.
The city of Ratnapura (with the Ratnapura Gem Museum) is located 101 kilometers south-east of Colombo, on the Colombo-Ratnapura highway. Alluvial sapphire deposits are found in gem-bearing river gravels (illam), in ancient flood plains and streams that are now covered with farm land throughout this region.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities40 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
β Almandine Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 References: |
β Andalusite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O References: |
β Andalusite var. Viridine Formula: (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O References: |
β Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 References: |
β Andradite var. Demantoid Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 References: |
β Andradite var. Melanite Formula: Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 References: |
β 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) References: |
β Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) References: |
β Beryl var. Aquamarine Formula: Be3Al2Si6O18 References: |
β Beryl var. Emerald Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) References: |
β Beryl var. Goshenite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) References: |
β Beryl var. Heliodor Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) References: |
β Beryl var. Morganite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) References: |
β Cassiterite Formula: SnO2 References: |
β Chrysoberyl Formula: BeAl2O4 References: |
β Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite Formula: BeAl2O4 References: |
β Chrysoberyl var. Cymophane Formula: BeAl2O4 References: |
β 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' References: |
β Cordierite Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) References: |
β Corundum Formula: Al2O3 References: |
β Corundum var. Ruby Formula: Al2O3 References: |
β Corundum var. Sapphire Formula: Al2O3 References: |
β Corundum var. Star Ruby Formula: Al2O3 References: |
β Corundum var. Star Sapphire Formula: Al2O3 References: |
β Dravite Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) References: |
β Elbaite Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) References: |
β Fergusonite-(Y) Formula: YNbO4 |
β Fluor-buergerite ? Formula: NaFe3+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F References: |
β 'Fluor-uvite-Uvite Series' References: |
β Forsterite Formula: Mg2SiO4 References: |
β Gahnite Formula: ZnAl2O4 References: |
β Gold Formula: Au References: |
β Grossular Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 References: |
β Grossular var. Hessonite Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 References: |
β Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 References: |
β Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 References: |
β 'Indicolite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z References: |
β 'K Feldspar' References: |
β 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' Formula: KAlSi3O8 References: |
β 'Liddicoatite' Formula: Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) References: |
β Magnesiotaaffeite-2Nβ2S (TL) Formula: Mg3Al8BeO16 Localities: |
β Magnesiotaaffeite-6Nβ3S Formula: Mg2BeAl6O12 References: |
β 'Monazite' Formula: REE(PO4) References: |
β 'Moonstone' References: |
β Orthoclase Formula: K(AlSi3O8) References: |
β Phenakite Formula: Be2SiO4 References: |
β Pyrope Formula: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 References: |
β Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
β Quartz var. Amethyst Formula: SiO2 References: |
β Quartz var. Citrine Formula: SiO2 References: |
β Quartz var. Rock Crystal Formula: SiO2 References: |
β Quartz var. Rose Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
β Quartz var. Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
β Rutile Formula: TiO2 References: |
β Sanidine Formula: K(AlSi3O8) References: |
β Scheelite Formula: Ca(WO4) References: |
β Schorl Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) References: |
β Sillimanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O References: |
β Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 References: |
β Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 References: |
β Spinel var. Ceylonite Formula: MgAl2O4 References: |
β Spinel var. Gahnospinel Formula: (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
β Spinel var. Pleonaste Formula: (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 References: |
β Spodumene Formula: LiAlSi2O6 References: |
β Spodumene var. Hiddenite Formula: LiAlSi2O6 References: |
β Spodumene var. Kunzite Formula: LiAlSi2O6 References: |
β Staurolite Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) References: |
β Stibiotantalite Formula: Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 References: |
β Tantalite-(Mg) Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 References: |
β Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O References: |
β Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 References: |
β 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z References: |
β 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z References: |
β 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z References: |
β 'Tourmaline var. Verdelite' Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z References: |
β 'Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite)' Formula: CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F References: |
β Uraninite Formula: UO2 References: |
β Xenotime-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) References: |
β Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) References: |
β Zircon var. Hyacinth Formula: Zr(SiO4) References: |
β Zircon var. Jargoon Formula: Zr(SiO4) References: |
β Zircon var. Starlite Formula: Zr(SiO4) References: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements | |||
---|---|---|---|
β | Gold | 1.AA.05 | Au |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
β | Chrysoberyl | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
β | var. Cymophane | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
β | var. Alexandrite | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
β | Spinel var. Pleonaste | 4.BB.05 | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
β | var. Ceylonite | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
β | var. Gahnospinel | 4.BB.05 | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
β | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 | |
β | Gahnite | 4.BB.05 | ZnAl2O4 |
β | Corundum | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
β | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
β | Corundum var. Ruby | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
β | var. Sapphire | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
β | var. Star Sapphire | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
β | var. Star Ruby | 4.CB.05 | Al2O3 |
β | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
β | Quartz var. Citrine | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
β | var. Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
β | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
β | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
β | var. Rock Crystal | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
β | var. Amethyst | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
β | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
β | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
β | Tantalite-(Mg) | 4.DB.35 | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
β | Stibiotantalite | 4.DE.30 | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
β | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
β | Magnesiotaaffeite-2Nβ2S (TL) | 4.FC.25 | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
β | Magnesiotaaffeite-6Nβ3S | 4.FC.25 | Mg2BeAl6O12 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
β | Fergusonite-(Y) | 7.GA.05 | YNbO4 |
β | Scheelite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(WO4) |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
β | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
β | Phenakite | 9.AA.05 | Be2SiO4 |
β | Forsterite | 9.AC.05 | Mg2SiO4 |
β | Grossular var. Hessonite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
β | Andradite var. Demantoid | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
β | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
β | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
β | Andradite var. Melanite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
β | Pyrope | 9.AD.25 | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
β | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
β | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
β | Zircon var. Hyacinth | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
β | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) | |
β | var. Jargoon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
β | var. Starlite | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
β | Sillimanite | 9.AF.05 | Al2(SiO4)O |
β | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
β | var. Viridine | 9.AF.10 | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
β | Staurolite | 9.AF.30 | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
β | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
β | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
β | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
β | var. Heliodor | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
β | var. Emerald | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
β | var. Aquamarine | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
β | var. Morganite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
β | var. Goshenite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
β | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
β | 'Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite)' | 9.CK.05 | CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
β | Fluor-buergerite ? | 9.CK.05 | NaFe3+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
β | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
β | Dravite | 9.CK.05 | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
β | 'Liddicoatite' | 9.CK.05 | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
β | Elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
β | Spodumene var. Hiddenite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
β | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 | |
β | var. Kunzite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
β | Sanidine | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
β | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
Unclassified | |||
β | 'Indicolite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
β | 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
β | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
β | 'Tourmaline var. Verdelite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
β | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
β | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
β | 'Fluor-uvite-Uvite Series' | - | |
β | 'Monazite' | - | REE(PO4) |
β | 'Moonstone' | - | |
β | 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' | - | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
β | '' | - | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
β | 'K Feldspar var. Adularia' | - | KAlSi3O8 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | β Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
H | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
H | β Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
H | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
H | β Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
H | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
H | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
H | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Li | Lithium | |
Li | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Li | β Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Li | β Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Li | β Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
Li | β Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Be | Beryllium | |
Be | β Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite | BeAl2O4 |
Be | β Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
Be | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | β Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
Be | β Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | β Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | β Magnesiotaaffeite-6Nβ3S | Mg2BeAl6O12 |
Be | β Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
Be | β Magnesiotaaffeite-2Nβ2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
Be | β Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Be | β Chrysoberyl var. Cymophane | BeAl2O4 |
Be | β Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
B | Boron | |
B | β Tourmaline var. Achroite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | β Fluor-buergerite | NaFe33+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
B | β Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
B | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
B | β Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | β Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
B | β Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
B | β Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | β Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
B | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
O | Oxygen | |
O | β K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
O | β Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite | BeAl2O4 |
O | β Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
O | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
O | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
O | β Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
O | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Tourmaline var. Achroite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | β Fluor-buergerite | NaFe33+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
O | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
O | β Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
O | β Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
O | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
O | β Corundum | Al2O3 |
O | β Andradite var. Demantoid | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
O | β Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
O | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
O | β Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | β Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
O | β Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
O | β Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
O | β Spinel var. Gahnospinel | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
O | β Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
O | β Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
O | β Indicolite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | β Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
O | β Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
O | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
O | β Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | β Magnesiotaaffeite-6Nβ3S | Mg2BeAl6O12 |
O | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | β Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
O | β Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Quartz | SiO2 |
O | β Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
O | β Tourmaline var. Rubellite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | β Corundum var. Ruby | Al2O3 |
O | β Rutile | TiO2 |
O | β Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
O | β Corundum var. Sapphire | Al2O3 |
O | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
O | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
O | β Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
O | β Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
O | β Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
O | β Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
O | β Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
O | β Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
O | β Magnesiotaaffeite-2Nβ2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
O | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
O | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
O | β Tourmaline | AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | β Uraninite | UO2 |
O | β Tourmaline var. Verdelite | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
O | β Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
O | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | β Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
O | β Zircon var. Hyacinth | Zr(SiO4) |
O | β Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
O | β Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | β Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
O | β Chrysoberyl var. Cymophane | BeAl2O4 |
O | β Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
O | β Andalusite var. Viridine | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
O | β Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
O | β Zircon var. Jargoon | Zr(SiO4) |
O | β Spinel var. Ceylonite | MgAl2O4 |
O | β Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
O | β Zircon var. Starlite | Zr(SiO4) |
O | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
O | β Corundum var. Star Sapphire | Al2O3 |
O | β Corundum var. Star Ruby | Al2O3 |
O | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
F | Fluorine | |
F | β Fluor-buergerite | NaFe33+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
F | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
F | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
F | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | β Fluor-buergerite | NaFe33+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
Na | β Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Na | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Na | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Mg | β Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Mg | β Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Mg | β Spinel var. Gahnospinel | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
Mg | β Magnesiotaaffeite-6Nβ3S | Mg2BeAl6O12 |
Mg | β Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Mg | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Mg | β Magnesiotaaffeite-2Nβ2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
Mg | β Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
Mg | β Spinel var. Ceylonite | MgAl2O4 |
Mg | β Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
Mg | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | β K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
Al | β Chrysoberyl var. Alexandrite | BeAl2O4 |
Al | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Al | β Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
Al | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | β Fluor-buergerite | NaFe33+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
Al | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | β Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
Al | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Al | β Corundum | Al2O3 |
Al | β Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Al | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Al | β Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | β Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
Al | β Spinel var. Gahnospinel | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
Al | β Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | β Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | β Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Al | β Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Al | β Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | β Magnesiotaaffeite-6Nβ3S | Mg2BeAl6O12 |
Al | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | β Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | β Corundum var. Ruby | Al2O3 |
Al | β Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
Al | β Corundum var. Sapphire | Al2O3 |
Al | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Al | β Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Al | β Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Al | β Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
Al | β Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
Al | β Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Al | β Magnesiotaaffeite-2Nβ2S | Mg3Al8BeO16 |
Al | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
Al | β Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
Al | β Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | β Chrysoberyl var. Cymophane | BeAl2O4 |
Al | β Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Al | β Andalusite var. Viridine | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
Al | β Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Al | β Spinel var. Ceylonite | MgAl2O4 |
Al | β Corundum var. Star Sapphire | Al2O3 |
Al | β Corundum var. Star Ruby | Al2O3 |
Al | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | β K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
Si | β Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
Si | β Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Si | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Beryl var. Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 |
Si | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Fluor-buergerite | NaFe33+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
Si | β Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | β Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
Si | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Si | β Andradite var. Demantoid | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Si | β Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Si | β Beryl var. Emerald | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | β Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Si | β Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Si | β Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Si | β Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | β Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
Si | β Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | β Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | β Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
Si | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Si | β Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Si | β Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | β Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
Si | β Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Si | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Si | β Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
Si | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | β Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
Si | β Zircon var. Hyacinth | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | β Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | β Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
Si | β Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
Si | β Andalusite var. Viridine | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
Si | β Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
Si | β Zircon var. Jargoon | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | β Zircon var. Starlite | Zr(SiO4) |
Si | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
P | Phosphorus | |
P | β Monazite | REE(PO4) |
P | β Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
P | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
K | Potassium | |
K | β K Feldspar var. Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
K | β Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
K | β Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Ca | β Andradite var. Demantoid | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Ca | β Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | β Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | β Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Ca | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Ca | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ca | β Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
Ca | β Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Ca | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Ti | β Rutile | TiO2 |
Ti | β Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
Ti | β Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
Mn | Manganese | |
Mn | β Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Mn | β Andalusite var. Viridine | (Al,Mn3+)2SiO4O |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | β Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Fe | β Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
Fe | β Fluor-buergerite | NaFe33+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
Fe | β Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Fe | β Andradite var. Demantoid | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
Fe | β Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Fe | β Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
Fe | β Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Fe | β Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Fe | β Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
Fe | β Andradite var. Melanite | Ca3(Fe3+,Ti)2(SiO4)3 |
Fe | β Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
Fe | β Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite) | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | β Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
Zn | β Spinel var. Gahnospinel | (Mg,Zn)Al2O4 |
Y | Yttrium | |
Y | β Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
Y | β Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
Zr | Zirconium | |
Zr | β Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
Zr | β Zircon var. Hyacinth | Zr(SiO4) |
Zr | β Zircon var. Jargoon | Zr(SiO4) |
Zr | β Zircon var. Starlite | Zr(SiO4) |
Nb | Niobium | |
Nb | β Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
Nb | β Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
Nb | β Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
Sn | Tin | |
Sn | β Cassiterite | SnO2 |
Sb | Antimony | |
Sb | β Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
Ta | Tantalum | |
Ta | β Stibiotantalite | Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 |
Ta | β Tantalite-(Mg) | (Mg,Fe2+)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
W | Tungsten | |
W | β Scheelite | Ca(WO4) |
Au | Gold | |
Au | β Gold | Au |
U | Uranium | |
U | β Uraninite | UO2 |
Localities in this Region
- Sabaragamuwa Province
- Ratnapura District
- Ratnapura
- Ratnapura District
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AsiaContinent
Indian Plate (India Plate)Tectonic Plate
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