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Tourmaline Queen Mine (MS 6458; Queen mine; Toumaline Queen group; Tourmaline Queen No. 1 claim; Tourmaline Queen No. 2 claim; Tourmaline Queen No. 3 claim), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA
Detailed Mineral List:
| Albite | ||
| Formula: | NaAlSi3O8 | |
| Reference: | Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A, page 57. | |
| Localities: | Recorded from at least 1 other locality in this region. | |
| Albite var: Cleavelandite | ||
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| Almandine | ||
| Formula: | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 | |
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| 'Almandine-Spessartine Series' | ||
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| Andalusite | ||
| Formula: | Al2(SiO4)O | |
| Description: | Occurs as masses as much as 3 inches (7.5 cm) in diameter in the northern parts of the mine. | |
| Reference: | Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 42; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 452. | |
| Beryl |  | |
| Formula: | Be3Al2(Si6O18) | |
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| Photo: © 2005, Jesse Fisher. Beryl from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| Beryl var: Morganite |  | |
| Reference: | Rocks & Min.: 63:48. | |
| Photo: © Rob Lavinsky. Morganite from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| 'Biotite' | ||
| Reference: | Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A, page 57. | |
| Bismite | ||
| Formula: | Bi2O3 | |
| Colour: | Gray to yellow-orange | |
| Description: | Earthyb gray; coatings on fractures in quartz. | |
| Reference: | Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 38; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 186. | |
| 'Clay' | ||
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2000. | |
| 'Columbite' | ||
| Formula: | (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 | |
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| Cookeite | ||
| Formula: | LiAl4(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | |
| Description: | Occurs as aggregates of small plates and flakes in pegmatite. | |
| Reference: | Schaller, W.T. (1919), Gems & Precious Stones. Mineral Resources U.S., 1916, Part II - Nonmetals. Department of Interior, US Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington; pages 896-898; Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 40-41; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 435. | |
| Elbaite |  | |
| Formula: | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) | |
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| Photo: © 2005, Jesse Fisher. Elbaite from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| 'Elbaite-Schorl Series' | ||
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| 'Feldspar Group' | ||
| Locality: | Queen Extension prospects, Tourmaline Queen Mine (MS 6458; Queen mine; Toumaline Queen group; Tourmaline Queen No. 1 claim; Tourmaline Queen No. 2 claim; Tourmaline Queen No. 3 claim), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | |
| Fluorapatite | ||
| Formula: | Ca5(PO4)3F | |
| Reference: | Van King | |
| 'Garnet' | ||
| Formula: | X3Z2(SiO4)3 | |
| Locality: | Queen Extension prospects, Tourmaline Queen Mine (MS 6458; Queen mine; Toumaline Queen group; Tourmaline Queen No. 1 claim; Tourmaline Queen No. 2 claim; Tourmaline Queen No. 3 claim), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | |
| Kaolinite | ||
| Formula: | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 | |
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| Lepidolite |  | |
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| Photo: © Rob Lavinsky. Lepidolite from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| Lithiophilite | ||
| Formula: | LiMn2+PO4 | |
| Reference: | Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 40-41; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 312; San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| 'Manganese Oxides' |  | |
| Reference: | Van King | |
| Photo: © Rob Lavinsky. Manganese Oxides from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| 'Mica Group' | ||
| Locality: | Queen Extension prospects, Tourmaline Queen Mine (MS 6458; Queen mine; Toumaline Queen group; Tourmaline Queen No. 1 claim; Tourmaline Queen No. 2 claim; Tourmaline Queen No. 3 claim), Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn), Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | |
| Microcline |  | |
| Formula: | KAlSi3O8 | |
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| Localities: | Recorded from at least 1 other locality in this region. | |
| Photo: © 2006, Jesse Fisher. Microcline from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| Microlite Group | ||
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| Montmorillonite | ||
| Formula: | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O | |
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| Muscovite |  | |
| Formula: | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
| Reference: | Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A, page 57. | |
| Localities: | Recorded from at least 1 other locality in this region. | |
| Photo: © 2006 SLR. Muscovite from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| | ||
| Formula: | KAlSi3O8 | |
| 'Perthite' | ||
| Reference: | Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A, page 57. | |
| Localities: | Recorded from at least 1 other locality in this region. | |
| Pucherite | ||
| Formula: | Bi(VO4) | |
| Description: | One of several Bi minerals in a mix of gray to yellow-orange coatings on fractures. | |
| Reference: | Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 38; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 325-326. | |
| 'Pyroxene Group' | ||
| Description: | In host rocks. | |
| Quartz |  | |
| Formula: | SiO2 | |
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| Localities: | Recorded from at least 1 other locality in this region. | |
| Photo: © 2006 SLR. Quartz from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| Quartz var: Citrine | ||
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| Quartz var: Smoky Quartz | ||
| Formula: | SiO2 | |
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| Schorl | ||
| Formula: | Na(Fe2+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) | |
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| Localities: | Recorded from at least 1 other locality in this region. | |
| Spessartine | ||
| Formula: | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 | |
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| Spodumene | ||
| Formula: | LiAlSi2O6 | |
| Reference: | Swoboda, E. R. 2001. Tourmaline Queen case files (1968-2000); personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, SDMC, 2000-2001. Swoboda Inc., Beverly Hills, Los Angeles County, CA. | |
| 'Stilbite' | ||
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| 'Tantalite' | ||
| Formula: | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 | |
| Reference: | Fisher, J. 2002. Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record, Vol. 33: pages 378-381. | |
| 'Tourmaline' |  | |
| Formula: | A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z | |
| Reference: | San Diego Mining Company, 2001. | |
| Localities: | Recorded from at least 1 other locality in this region. | |
| Photo: © Rob Lavinsky. Tourmaline from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| 'Tourmaline var: Indicolite' |  | |
| Reference: | Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A. | |
| Photo: © 2001 SLR. Indicolite from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| 'Tourmaline var: Rubellite' |  | |
| Reference: | Rocks & Min.: 63:48. | |
| Photo: © 2002 John H. Betts. Rubellite from Tourmaline Queen Mine, Tourmaline Queen Mountain, Pala, Pala District, San Diego Co., California, USA | ||
| 'Tourmaline var: Verdelite' | ||
| Reference: | Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. 1951. Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A, page 57. | |
| | ||
| Formula: | LiFe2+PO4 | |
| Description: | = lithiophilite | |
| Reference: | Jahns, R.H. and Wright, L.A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 40-41; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 312. | |
43 entries listed. 20 valid minerals. 2 erroneous literature entries.
References
Schaller, W. T. (1904), The tourmaline localities of southern California. Science 19: 266-268.
Sterrett, D. B. (1904), Tourmaline from San Diego County, California. American Journal of Science: 17: 459-465.
Kunz, G. F. (1905), Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: 127-129.
Waring, G. A. (1905), The pegmatyte veins of Pala, San Diego County. American Geologist 35: 356-369.
Sterrett, D. B. (1907), Precious stones. Mineral Resources U.S., 1906. Department of Interior, US Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington: 1213, 1239-1241.
Merrill, F. J. H. (1914), Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial Counties: Gems, Lithia Minerals. California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. California State Printing Office, December. Chapter 1: 61-110.
Schaller, W. T. (1919), Gems & Precious Stones. Mineral Resources U.S., 1916, Part II - Nonmetals. Department of Interior, US Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington: 896-898.
Tucker, W. B., Reed, C. H. (1939), Los Angeles Field District - Mineral Resources of San Diego County. California Journal of Mines and Geology, quarterly chapter of State Mineralogist's Report 35; January: p. 38-42, Illus., maps.
Jahns, R. H. (1948), Gem deposits of southern California. Gems and Gemology 6(1): 6-30.
Haff, E. L. (1949), Field notes of the survey of the mining claim of Margaret S. Moore and Mildred S. Wear, known as the Tourmaline Queen and Tourmaline Queen No. 3 Lodes, in Sec 14 & 15, T9S, R2W, SBM. USDI, Office of Cadastral Engineer, Mineral Survey No. 6458: 11 p., 1 plat.
Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 38, 40-42.
Rynerson, F. J. (1967), Exploring and mining for Gems and Gold in the West. Happy Camp, California: Naturegraph Publishers, Inc., 204 pages.
Larson, W. F. (1972), The Queen Reigns Again. Lapidary Journal Magazine, Volume 26, Number 7, 9 pages, color photographs.
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 186, 312, 325-326, 435, 452.
Bancroft, P. (1984), Gem and crystal treasures. Fallbrook, California. Western Enterprises/Mineralogical Record, Inc., pages 98-110.
MacFall, R. (1984), Josephine Scripps: California collector extraordinary. Rocks & Minerals 59(2): p. 80.
Jacobson, Mark I. (1988), Collections and Displays: The Proctor Collection, Colorado Springs; Colorado. Rocks & Minerals 63(1): p. 48.
Bancroft, P. (1989), Gem Mining in San Diego County. Environment Southwest, San Diego Natural History Museum, Number 525: 14-20.
Larson, W. F. (1991), Sino-San Diego trade relations, and the role of New York's Tiffany & Co. Lecture given at the Gemological Institute of America, International Gemological Symposium, Los Angeles, California.
Sinkankas, J. (1997), Gemstones of North America. Tucson, Arizona: Geoscience Press Inc. Personal communication with William F. Larson, 1/14/94; Roland Reed, 1/30/94; pages 461-481.
McLean, J. C. (1998), Personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company. The Collector - Pala International, Fallbrook, San Diego County, CA.
Laurs, B. M. (2001), Gem news international. Recent gem discoveries in Pala, California. Gems & Gemology, 37 (3), 228-231. Quarterly journal of the Gemological Institute of America.
Swoboda, E. R. (2001), Tourmaline Queen case files (1968-2000); personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company, 2000-2001. Swoboda Inc., Beverly Hills, Los Angeles County, CA.
Fisher, J. (2002), Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record: 33: 378-381.
Sterrett, D. B. (1904), Tourmaline from San Diego County, California. American Journal of Science: 17: 459-465.
Kunz, G. F. (1905), Gems, jeweler's materials, and ornamental stones of California. California State Mining Bureau bulletin 37: 127-129.
Waring, G. A. (1905), The pegmatyte veins of Pala, San Diego County. American Geologist 35: 356-369.
Sterrett, D. B. (1907), Precious stones. Mineral Resources U.S., 1906. Department of Interior, US Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington: 1213, 1239-1241.
Merrill, F. J. H. (1914), Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego and Imperial Counties: Gems, Lithia Minerals. California State Mining Bureau, San Francisco, Cal. California State Printing Office, December. Chapter 1: 61-110.
Schaller, W. T. (1919), Gems & Precious Stones. Mineral Resources U.S., 1916, Part II - Nonmetals. Department of Interior, US Geological Survey, Government Printing Office, Washington: 896-898.
Tucker, W. B., Reed, C. H. (1939), Los Angeles Field District - Mineral Resources of San Diego County. California Journal of Mines and Geology, quarterly chapter of State Mineralogist's Report 35; January: p. 38-42, Illus., maps.
Jahns, R. H. (1948), Gem deposits of southern California. Gems and Gemology 6(1): 6-30.
Haff, E. L. (1949), Field notes of the survey of the mining claim of Margaret S. Moore and Mildred S. Wear, known as the Tourmaline Queen and Tourmaline Queen No. 3 Lodes, in Sec 14 & 15, T9S, R2W, SBM. USDI, Office of Cadastral Engineer, Mineral Survey No. 6458: 11 p., 1 plat.
Jahns, R. H. and Wright, L. A. (1951), Gem and Lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines special report 7A: 38, 40-42.
Rynerson, F. J. (1967), Exploring and mining for Gems and Gold in the West. Happy Camp, California: Naturegraph Publishers, Inc., 204 pages.
Larson, W. F. (1972), The Queen Reigns Again. Lapidary Journal Magazine, Volume 26, Number 7, 9 pages, color photographs.
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 186, 312, 325-326, 435, 452.
Bancroft, P. (1984), Gem and crystal treasures. Fallbrook, California. Western Enterprises/Mineralogical Record, Inc., pages 98-110.
MacFall, R. (1984), Josephine Scripps: California collector extraordinary. Rocks & Minerals 59(2): p. 80.
Jacobson, Mark I. (1988), Collections and Displays: The Proctor Collection, Colorado Springs; Colorado. Rocks & Minerals 63(1): p. 48.
Bancroft, P. (1989), Gem Mining in San Diego County. Environment Southwest, San Diego Natural History Museum, Number 525: 14-20.
Larson, W. F. (1991), Sino-San Diego trade relations, and the role of New York's Tiffany & Co. Lecture given at the Gemological Institute of America, International Gemological Symposium, Los Angeles, California.
Sinkankas, J. (1997), Gemstones of North America. Tucson, Arizona: Geoscience Press Inc. Personal communication with William F. Larson, 1/14/94; Roland Reed, 1/30/94; pages 461-481.
McLean, J. C. (1998), Personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company. The Collector - Pala International, Fallbrook, San Diego County, CA.
Laurs, B. M. (2001), Gem news international. Recent gem discoveries in Pala, California. Gems & Gemology, 37 (3), 228-231. Quarterly journal of the Gemological Institute of America.
Swoboda, E. R. (2001), Tourmaline Queen case files (1968-2000); personal communication with Scott L. Ritchie, San Diego Mining Company, 2000-2001. Swoboda Inc., Beverly Hills, Los Angeles County, CA.
Fisher, J. (2002), Gem and rare-element pegmatites of southern California. Mineralogical Record: 33: 378-381.
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