	Viljoen, Fanus, Ramakoloi, Ntshebo, Rose, Derek, Reinke, Christian (2015) Mineral Chemistry of (Pt,Pd)-Bismuthotelluride Minerals In the Platreef At Zwartfontein, Akanani Project, Northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53 (6) 1109-1127 doi:10.3749/canmin.1500047	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ZWARTFONTEIN, AKANANI PROJECT, NORTHERN BUSHVELD COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA FANUS VILJOEN§, NTSHEBO RAMAKOLOI,...Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa CHRISTIAN REINKE Spectrum Analytical Facility...Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa ABSTRACT The (Pt,Pd)-bismuthotelluride minerals...form a trend of solid solution along the join kotulskite (PdTe)–sobolevskite (PdBi), without merenskyite...compositional ranges of moncheite–maslovite and kotulskite–sobolevskite. Keywords: platinum-group minerals
	van der Merwe, Frits, Viljoen, Fanus, Knoper, Mike (2012) The mineralogy and mineral associations of platinum group elements and gold in the Platreef at Zwartfontein, Akanani Project, Northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Mineralogy and Petrology, 106 (1) 25-38 doi:10.1007/s00710-012-0225-7	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Zwartfontein, Akanani Project, Northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa Frits van der Merwe & Fanus Viljoen...elements (PGE), and gold, in the Platreef of the Bushveld Complex, was investigated using an FEI Mineral Liberation...include maslovite (PtBiTe, 32 area% of total PGM), kotulskite (Pd(BiTe), 17 %), isoferroplatinum (Pt3Fe, 15...2006, South Africa e-mail: fanusv@uj.ac.za Introduction The 2055–2060 Ma Bushveld Complex in South Africa...Platreef occurs in the northern limb of the Bushveld Complex (Lee 1996). It is a pyroxenitic unit located
	Holwell, D. A., McDonald, I., Armitage, P. E. B. (2006) Platinum-group mineral assemblages in the Platreef at the Sandsloot Mine, northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 70 (1) 83-101 doi:10.1180/0026461067010315	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Platreef at the Sandsloot Mine, northern Bushveld Complex, South Africa D. A. HOLWELL1, I. MCDONALD1 AND P...Sandsloot, northern Bushveld Complex, in a variety of lithologies reveal a complex multi-stage mineralization...mineralization. K EY WORDS : PGM, Bushveld Complex, South Africa, Sandsloot mine, Platreef, Pt, Pd,...base-metal sulphides. Introduction THE Bushveld Complex of South Africa is the largest layered igneous intrusion...discovered. The major PGE deposits of the Bushveld Complex are the stratiform Merensky Reef and UG2 chromitite
	Hutchinson, D., Kinnaird, Judith A. (2005) Complex multistage genesis for the Ni–Cu–PGE mineralisation in the southern region of the Platreef, Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Applied Earth Science, 114 (4) 208-224 doi:10.1179/037174505x82125	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Complex multistage genesis for the Ni–Cu–PGE mineralisation in the southern region of the Platreef, Bushveld...Bushveld Complex, South Africa D. Hutchinson and Judith A. Kinnaird In the southern portion of the Platreef...Ni–Cu–Pt-group element (PGE) mineralisation results from a complex interplay of pre-, syn- and post-magmatic processes...to the footwall contact. More compositionally complex sulphides are associated with felsic melt phases...antimonides, bismuthides, bismutho-antimonides and complex bismuthotellurides. Pt-bearing phases mostly occur
	McCreesh, Matthew J. G., Yudovskaya, Marina A., Kinnaird, Judith A., Reinke, Christian (2018) Platinum-group minerals of the F and T zones, Waterberg Project, far northern Bushveld Complex: implication for the formation of the PGE mineralization. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (3) 539-575 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.83	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	and T zones, Waterberg Project, Far Northern Bushveld Complex: implication for the formation of the PGE...University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Wits, South Africa 2. CIMERA the NRF/DST Centre of Excellence...Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa * E-mail: marina.yudovskaya@wits.ac.za ABSTRACT...project, in a previously unknown segment of the Bushveld Complex located in the Southern Marginal Zone of the...magnetite-bearing leucogabbroic rocks are unique to the Bushveld Complex. The genesis of the T ores is interpreted
	Naldrett, A J, Brownscombe, W, Herrington, R, Wilkinson, J, Berry, A, Coppard, J, Klatt, S, Kekana, S, Grobler, D, Phipps, M, Dunnett, T, Hadebe, D, Nielsen, S, Broughton, D, Kojonen., K K, Montjoie, R, van Rooyen, N, Reichhardt, F, Nex, P A M, Holwell, D A, Boyce, A J, Jones, A, Holwell, D A, Jones, R E, McDonald, I, Prichard, H M, Yudovskaya, M, Kinnaird, J A, Sobolev, A, Kuzmin, D, Wilson, A (2011) Abstracts. Applied Earth Science, 120 (4) 198-210 doi:10.1179/1743275812y.0000000015	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	flood basalt-, ferropicrite, and anorthosite complex-related deposits, a miscellaneous group related...Platreef, Turfspruit farm, Northern Limb, Bushveld Complex S. Kekana, D. Grobler, M. Phipps, T. Dunnett...Broughton Ivanplats Ltd, 82 Maude St, Sandton 2146, South Africa Ivanplats Ltd’s Platreef project is located...Macalacaskop farms in the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex. PGE–Ni–Cu mineralisation in the Northern...mafic–ultramafic intrusions that form the floor of the Bushveld Complex. From 2000 to 2006 work focused on defining
	Wang, Christina Yan, Prichard, Hazel M., Zhou, Mei-Fu, Fisher, Peter C. (2008) Platinum-group minerals from the Jinbaoshan Pd–Pt deposit, SW China: evidence for magmatic origin and hydrothermal alteration. Mineralium Deposita, 43 (7) 791-803 doi:10.1007/s00126-008-0196-0	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	including moncheite (PtTe2), atokite (Pd3Sn), kotulskite (PdTe), sperrylite (PtAs2), irarsite (IrAsS)...mafic–ultramafic intrusions, such as the Bushveld Complex in South Africa, the Noril’sk Ni–Cu– (PGE) district...district in Siberia, and the Stillwater Complex in the USA, is commonly thought to be magmatic (Campbell et...Merensky reef in the Bushveld Complex (Li et al. 2004) and JM reef in the Stillwater Complex (Boudreau and McCallum...activity also affected the rocks of the Sudbury Complex and remobilized base metals and PGE (Marshall et
	Grokhovskaya, T. L., Lapina, M. I., Mokhov, A. V. (2009) Assemblages and genesis of platinum-group minerals in low-sulfide ores of the monchetundra deposit, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 51 (6) 467-485 doi:10.1134/s107570150906004x	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	as in the complex distribution of PGE, Au, and Ag mineral assemblages. New types of complex Pt and Pd...holes 765 and 742 were sampled. Merenskyite, kotulskite, sperrylite, vysotskite, braggite, and cooperite...the southern framework of the Monchegorsk pluton: South Sopcha, Moroshkovy Lake, and gabbro of anomaly 10...the first phase of the multiphase Monchegorsk Complex. These intrusions had attracted attention for a...Moreno et al., 1999; Oberthür et al., 2002, 2004). Complex PGE oxides were described for the first time from
	Yudovskaya, M., Kinnaird, J., Naldrett, A. J., Mokhov, A. V., McDonald, I., Reinke, C. (2011) FACIES VARIATION IN PGE MINERALIZATION IN THE CENTRAL PLATREEF OF THE BUSHVELD COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49 (6) 1349-1384 doi:10.3749/canmin.49.6.1349	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	MINERALIZATION IN THE CENTRAL PLATREEF OF THE BUSHVELD COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA Marina YUDOVSKAYA§ School of Geosciences...the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa, and IGEM RAS, Staromonetny 35, Moscow 119017...the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa Andrey V. MOKHOV IGEM RAS, Staromonetny 35...Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa Abstract The lateral variation in platinum-group...the magmatic constituents of the Platreef, Bushveld Complex, have been investigated using whole-rock PGE
	Oberthur, T., Melcher, F., Gast, L., Wohrl, C., Lodziak, J. (2004) DETRITAL PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS IN RIVERS DRAINING THE EASTERN BUSHVELD COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 (2) 563-582 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.2.563	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	MINERALS IN RIVERS DRAINING THE EASTERN BUSHVELD COMPLEX, SOUTH AFRICA THOMAS OBERTHÜR§, FRANK MELCHER, LOTHAR...Germany ABSTRACT During field work in the eastern Bushveld, more than 6000 grains of platinum-group minerals...of which are previously unreported from the Bushveld Complex or even unnamed species. The individual PGM...metallurgical treatment of the PGE-bearing ores of the Bushveld Complex. The area of the farm Maandagshoek and environs...minerals, placer, Maandagshoek, eastern Bushveld Complex, South Africa. SOMMAIRE Lors de nos campagnes de
	Grammatikopoulos, T. A., Barr, S. M., Hiebert, R. S., Stanley, C. R., Valeyev, O. (2007) PLATINUM-GROUP MINERALS FROM THE MECHANIC SETTLEMENT PLUTON, SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45 (4) 775-792 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.45.4.775	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	sobolevskite (PdBi) is most abundant, with rarer kotulskite, michenerite, moncheite, and froodite. Additional...sobolevskite (PdBi) est la plus abondante, avec kotulskite, michenerite, monchéite et froodite plus rares...of Pd, including sobolevskite (ideally PdBi), kotulskite [Pd(Te,Bi)], michenerite [(Pt,Pd)(Bi,Te)], sopcheite...plumbopalladinite, froodite, paolovite, vysotskite, kotulskite, and the Pt–Fe alloy, are in the size range of...Three grains of kotulskite included in clinopyroxene are <1.5 mm across, but kotulskite grains in the composite
	Campos-Alvarez, Nelson O., Samson, Iain M., Fryer, Brian J. (2012) The roles of magmatic and hydrothermal processes in PGE mineralization, Ferguson Lake deposit, Nunavut, Canada. Mineralium Deposita, 47 (4) 441-465 doi:10.1007/s00126-011-0385-0	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	sulfide. The PGM are mostly represented by the kotulskite (PdTe)–sobolevskite (PdBi) solid solution but...halos tend to be more Te rich (i.e., Bi-bearing kotulskite). The chemistry and textural setting of the various...and (2). We show that hydrothermal alteration is complex and is present within and around the massive sulfide...62 and 2.55 Ga that have been described to the south of Ferguson Lake (Martel and Sandeman 2004 and references...been informally named the Ferguson Lake Intrusive Complex (Carter 2006; Miller 2007). Based on field and
	Holwell, D. A., Keays, R. R., Firth, E. A., Findlay, J. (2014) Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Platinum Group Element Mineralization in the River Valley Intrusion, Ontario, Canada: A Model for Early-Stage Sulfur Saturation and Multistage Emplacement and the Implications for "Contact-Type" Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Mineralization. Economic Geology, 109 (3) 689-712 doi:10.2113/econgeo.109.3.689	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Valley intrusion, which appear to have a much more complex history where the timing of S saturation, and thus...Platreef, South Africa (e.g., McDonald and Holwell, 2011); intrusions of the Penikat-Portiimo complex, Finland... 2002) and the Basal Series of the Stillwater Complex (e.g., Zientek et al., 1986). The generation of...example, many of these mineralized intrusions have a complex history of multistage emplacement, magma replenishment...the Canadian Shield. The 1.85 Ga Sudbury igneous complex cuts the East Bull Lake intrusive suite close to
	*(2023) Kotulskite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America*	Report (issue)
	Kotulskite Pd(Te, Bi) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point...[1] X-ray Powder Pattern: Rustenburg mine, South Africa. 3.03 (100), 2.22 (90), 2.08 (70), 1.52 (30)...)Σ=1.00 (Te0.98 Bi0.02 )Σ=1.00 . (2) Messina, South Africa; by electron microprobe, corresponds to Pd1...(Te0.96 Bi0.08 )Σ=1.04 . (3) Rustenburg mine, South Africa; by electron microprobe, corresponds to Pd1... In South Africa, at the Rustenburg platinum mine, in the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld complex; and
	Power, M. R., Pirrie, D., Andersen, J. C. Ø., Butcher, A. R. (2000) Stratigraphical distribution of platinum-group minerals in the Eastern Layered Series, Rum, Scotland. Mineralium Deposita, 35 (8) 762-775 doi:10.1007/s001260050278	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	ma®c-ultrama®c layered intrusions such as the Bushveld Complex of South Africa and the StillEditorial handling: B...883, Kenmore, Queensland 4069, Australia water Complex of Montana, where platinum-group minerals (PGM)...discovered in the Rum layered igneous complex (the Rum Central Complex) in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland,...occurrences are comparable in many ways. The Rum Central Complex is widely regarded as one of the classical localities...that the complex hosts abundant and diverse PGM (Butcher et al. 1999). The Rum Central Complex represents
	Chashchin, V. V., Petrov, S. V., Drogobuzhskaya, S. V. (2018) Loypishnyun Low-Sulfide Pt–Pd Deposit of the Monchetundra Basic Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 60 (5) 418-448 doi:10.1134/s1075701518050021	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	occurs in layered intrusive complexes like the Bushveld, Stillwater, Great Dike, Skaergaard, Penikat,...have been described in the foot of the Sudbury Complex (Pentek et al., 2013; Tuba et al., 2014). The Monchetundra...Monchetundra Fault. Southeast of the latter lies the South Sopcha massif (Fig. 1); the low-sulfide PGE ore...e.g., (Grokhovskaya et al., 2012), ascribe the South Sopcha massif to the Monchetundra massif, whereas...that metagabbroic rocks in the upper part of the South Sopcha massif are close to those of the Monchetundra
	Merkle, R., Grote, W., Graser, P. (2008) Compositional and textural peculiarities of gold-rich alloys from the Merensky Reef. South African Journal of Geology, 111 (2) 177-186 doi:10.2113/gssajg.111.2-3.177	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Reef Roland Merkle, Wiebke Grote and Peter Gräser Bushveld Intelligence Center, Department of Geology, University...University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. e-mail: mierkle@postino.up.ac.za; wiebke.grote@up...ac, za © 2008 September Geological Society of South Africa ABSTRACT Gold-rich alloys with variable ¡imounrs...¡imounrs of Pd from the Merensky Reef, Bushveld Complex, are charatterized by a range of finely dispersed...analyses demonstrates the presence of atokite. kotulskite, laurite, moncheice, niggliite, paolovlte, rustenburgite
	*Evans, D. M. (2002) Potential for bulk mining of oxidized platinum-group element deposits. Applied Earth Science, 111 (1) 81-86 doi:10.1179/aes.2002.111.1.81*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	platinum-group element (PGE) deposits of the Bushveld Complex will remain the dominant suppliers of PGE...bismuthotellurides (moncheite, merenskyite, michenerite and kotulskite), antimonides (sudburyite and geversite) and...Platreef layer at Potgietersrus,11 Bushveld Complex, South Africa, and that of the Roby zone at Lac des...known mineralization, such as that of the Bushveld complex and the Great Dyke—where it has not already...apply to the oxidized mineralization of the Bushveld Complex. In these deposits the depth of oxide weathering
	Helmy, Hassan M., Ballhaus, Chris, Berndt, Jasper, Bockrath, Cornelia, Wohlgemuth-Ueberwasser, Cora (2007) Formation of Pt, Pd and Ni tellurides: experiments in sulfide–telluride systems. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 153 (5) 577-591 doi:10.1007/s00410-006-0163-7	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	For example, in the Merensky reef of the Bushveld Complex, the most important magmatic deposit for platinum-group...PtTe2, merenskyite PdTe2, melonite (Ni,Pd)Te2 and kotulskite (Pd,Ni)Te. In addition, there are the bismuthotellurides...telluride compositions from the PGE-rich ores of the Bushveld and Great Dyke complexes, and Pt-free tellurides...bismuthotellurides; Oberthür et al. 2003), Driekop pipe, Bushveld Complex (Pt bismuthotellurides; Melcher and Lodziak...the Merensky reef and the Platreef of the Bushveld Complex, and possibly from the stratiform PGE horizons
	Osbahr, Inga, Oberthür, Thomas, Klemd, Reiner, Josties, Anja (2014) Platinum-group element distribution in base-metal sulfides of the UG2 chromitite, Bushveld Complex, South Africa—a reconnaissance study. Mineralium Deposita, 49 (6) 655-665 doi:10.1007/s00126-014-0538-z	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	base-metal sulfides of the UG2 chromitite, Bushveld Complex, South Africa—a reconnaissance study Inga Osbahr...UG2 chromitite from the eastern and western Bushveld Complex were studied by whole-rock analysis, ore microscopy...UG2 main seam of the drill core DT46, eastern Bushveld. Pentlandite consistently hosts elevated contents...UG2 . Bushveld Complex . South Africa . LA-ICP-MS . MLA Introduction The Bushveld Complex in South Africa...Vermaak 1995; Cawthorn 1999; Misra 2000). The Bushveld Complex was emplaced at 2.05 Ga in an essentially
	Bailly, L., Auge, T., Trofimov, N., Golubev, A., Tkachev, A., Cherkasov, S., Cassard, D. (2011) THE MINERALIZATION POTENTIAL OF THE BURAKOVSKY LAYERED INTRUSION, KARELIA, RUSSIA. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49 (6) 1455-1478 doi:10.3749/canmin.49.6.1455	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	France Abstract The 2,430 Ma Burakovsky layered complex, located in Karelia, Russia, is one of the largest...tellurides (sperrylite, platarsite, palladoarsenide, kotulskite, moncheite) with minor amounts of native Pt....Pt–(Pd–Bi), sperrylite, platarsite, palladoarsenide, kotulskite, monchéite et des traces de Pt natif. L’expression...of cumulates, including the western Koillismaa Complex, the Koitelainen and Akanvaara intrusions, and...and the Fedorovo Tundra – Pana Tundra complex. c) Intermediate “megacyclic” type: represented by distinct
	*von Gruenewaldt, G., Horsch, H., Dickst, D., de Wet, J. (1990) PGE mineralization in the western sector of the eastern Bushveld Complex. Mineralogy and Petrology, 42 (1) 71-95 doi:10.1007/bf01162685*	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	Mineralization in the Western Sector of the Eastern Bushveld Complex G. von Gruenewaldt ~, D. Dicks 2, J. de Wet...of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 2 Messina Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa With 7 Figures Received...developed in the western sector of the eastern Bushveld Complex. Within the basal pyroxenite of the Merensky...PGE-Vererzung im westlichen Sektor des 5stlichen Bushveld-Komplexes Ungew6hnliche Fazies des Merensky-Reefes...Chromitite kommen im westlichen Sektor des 6stlichen Bushveld Komplexes vor. In den basalen Pyroxeniten der
	González-Pérez, Igor, Gervilla, Fernando, González-Jiménez, José M., Kojonen, Kari (2021) Genesis of an exotic platinum-group-mineral-rich and Mg-poor chromitite in the Kevitsa Ni-Cu-platinum-group-elements deposit. Mineralogy and Petrology, 115 (5) 535-555 doi:10.1007/s00710-021-00751-1	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	hollingworthite (RhAsS), anduoite [(Ru, Os)As2], kotulskite (PdTe) and As-, Te-, Os-, and Ru- bearing unidentified...a model for the chromitites of the Stillwater Complex in which PGE are initially captured by sulfide...analyses from different mafic-ultramafic layered complex and their absence in Kevitsa chromitite. However...hollingworthite (RhAsS), anduoite [(Ru, Os)As2], Kotulskite (PdTe), and As-, Te-, Os-, and Ru-bearing unidentified...Barkov et al. (2004) from the Penikat Layered Complex. This grain also shows euhedral inclusions of composite
	*(2023) Moncheite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America*	Report (issue)
	Bi0.44 )Σ=2.00 . (2) Impala mine, Transvaal, South Africa; by electron microprobe, corresponding to (Pt0...(Pt0.88 (Te1.72 Bi0.28 )Σ=2.00 . (3) Stillwater complex, Montana, USA; by electron microprobe, corresponding...Merenskyite, melonite, sobolevskite, michenerite, kotulskite, froodite, sperrylite, cooperite, laurite, braggite...western Siberia. In South Africa, from several mines along the Merensky Reef, Bushveld complex, Transvaal. In...In the USA, at the Stillwater complex, Montana; from the New Rambler Cu–Ni mine, Medicine Bow Mountains
	Brynard, H. J., de Villiers, J. P. R., Viljoen, E. A. (1976) A mineralogical investigation of the Merensky Reef at the Western Platinum Mine, near Marikana, South Africa. Economic Geology, 71 (7) 1299-1307 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.71.7.1299	Journal (article/letter/editorial)
	and cooperire,together with moncheiteand minor kotulskite, are present in approximately equal quantities...an extensive description (Wagner, 1929) of all South African deposits. The 1929 volume included a mi...petrologicalinthesouthern portionof thewestern Bushyeld Igneous Complex(Fig. 1). The economicreef being vestigationsof...exploitedat presentis the MerenskyReef, which part Complex were undertaken by Kuschke (1939), consistsmainly...in both the westernand eastern portionsof the complex,as shownin Figure 1. The reef'is at presentbeingexploitedat

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Kotulskite from Bushveld Complex, South Africa

Kotulskite from
Bushveld Complex, South Africa