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Bayan Obo deposit (Bayun-Obo deposit; Baiyunebo deposit), Bayan Obo, Bayan Obo Mining District, Baotou League (Baotou Prefecture), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China


List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 1 - Elements
Graphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Arsenopyrite ?2.EB.20FeAsS
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Galena2.CD.10PbS
Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS (x = 0 to 0.17)
Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
Group 3 - Halides
Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Halite3.AA.20NaCl
Sylvite3.AA.20KCl
Zhangpeishanite (TL)3.DC.25BaFCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Aeschynite-(Ce)4.DF.05(Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Aeschynite-(Nd) (TL)4.DF.05(Nd,Ce,Ca)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6
Anatase4.DD.05TiO2
var: Niobian Anatase4.DD.05(Ti,Nb)O2
Cassiterite4.DB.05SnO2
Cerianite-(Ce)4.DL.05(Ce4+,Th)O2
Chrysoberyl4.BA.05BeAl2O4
Columbite-(Fe)4.DB.35FeNb2O6
Columbite-(Mn)4.DB.35(Mn,Fe)(Nb,Ta)2O6
Fersmite4.DG.05(Ca,Y)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH)6
Goethite4.FD.10α-Fe3+O(OH)
Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
var: Specularite4.CB.05Fe2O3
Ilmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
Loparite-(Ce)4.CC.35(Na,Ce,Ca,Sr,Th)(Ti,Nb,Fe)O3
Maghemite4.BB.15Fe3+2O3
Magnesiochromite4.BB.05Mg(Cr,Al,Fe)2O4
Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Manganite4.FD.15Mn3+O(OH)
Nioboaeschynite-(Ce)4.DF.05(Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
'Nioboaeschynite-(Nd)'4.DF.05(Nd,Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti,Fe,Ta)2(O,OH)6
Opal4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
Perovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
Pyrochlore Group4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
var: Plumbopyrochlore (of Skorobogatova et al.)4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Pyrolusite4.DB.05MnO2
Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
var: Ilmenorutile4.DB.05Fex(Nb,Ta)2x · 4Ti1-xO2
var: Niobian Rutile4.DB.05(Ti,Nb)O2
Spinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
Thorianite4.DL.05ThO2
β-Fergusonite-(Ce) (TL)4.DG.10(Ce,La,Nd)NbO4
β-Fergusonite-(Nd) (TL)4.DG.10(Nd,Ce)NbO4
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Alstonite5.AB.35BaCa(CO3)2
Ankerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Aragonite
var: Strontian Aragonite		5.AB.15(Ca,Sr)CO3
Barytocalcite5.AB.45BaCa(CO3)2
Bastnäsite-(Ce)5.BD.20a(Ce,La)(CO3)F
Bastnäsite-(Y)5.BD.20a(Y,Ce)(CO3)F
Benstonite5.AB.55(Ba,Sr)6(Ca,Mn)6Mg(CO3)13
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
var: Manganoan Calcite5.AB.05(Ca,Mn)CO3
var: Strontian Calcite5.AB.05(Ca,Sr)CO3
Carbocernaite5.AB.50(Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2
Cebaite-(Ce) (TL)5.BD.15Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2
'Cebaite-(Nd)'5.BD.15Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2
Cordylite-(Ce)5.BD.05NaBaCe2(CO3)4F
Daqingshanite-(Ce) (TL)5.BF.15(Sr,Ca,Ba)3(Ce,La)(CO3)3-x(PO4)(OH,F)2x
Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
var: Ferroan Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Huanghoite-(Ce) (TL)5.BD.35BaCe(CO3)2F
Lanthanite-(Ce)5.CC.25(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)3 · 8H2O
Norsethite5.AB.30BaMg(CO3)2
Paralstonite5.AB.40BaCa(CO3)2
Parisite-(Ce)5.BD.20bCa(Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2
'Parisite-(Nd)'5.BD.20bCa(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2
Röntgenite-(Ce)5.BD.20dCa2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3
Siderite5.AB.05FeCO3
Strontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
var: Emmonite5.AB.15(Sr,Ca)CO3
Synchysite-(Ce)5.BD.20cCa(Ce,La)(CO3)2F
'Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)'5.BD.10Ba2Ce(CO3)3F
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Alunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Fergusonite-(Ce)7.GA.05(Ce,La,Nd)NbO4
'Fergusonite-(Nd)'7.GA.05(Nd,Ce)(Nb,Ti)O4
Fergusonite-(Y)7.GA.05YNbO4
Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+ 3(SO4)2(OH)6
Melanterite7.CB.35FeSO4 · 7H2O
Wulfenite7.GA.05Pb(MoO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
Brockite8.CJ.45(Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O
Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Monazite-(Ce)8.AD.50(Ce,La,Nd,Th)(PO4)
Rhabdophane-(Ce)8.CJ.45(Ce,La)(PO4) · H2O
Xenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
Group 9 - Silicates
Actinolite9.DE.10☐{Ca2}{(Mg,Fe2+)5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Aegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
Aegirine-augite9.DA.20(Na,Ca)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg,Al)Si2O6
Albite9.FA.35NaAlSi3O8
var: Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
var: Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Allanite-(Ce)9.BG.05b{CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Andalusite9.AF.10Al2(SiO4)O
Andradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
Anorthite
var: Labradorite		9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Arfvedsonite9.DE.25[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Augite9.DA.15(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
Bafertisite (TL)9.BE.55Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+)2Ti(Si2O7)O(F,OH)2
Baotite (TL)9.CE.15Ba4(Ti,Nb)8Si4O28Cl
Britholite-(Ce)9.AH.25Ca2(Ce,Ca)3(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)
Chevkinite-(Ce)9.BE.70(Ce,La,Ca,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe2+,Ti,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8
Clinohumite9.AF.55(Mg,Fe2+)9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2
Clinozoisite9.BG.05a{Ca2}{Al3}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Cummingtonite9.DE.05☐{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Dingdaohengite-(Ce) (TL)9.BE.70(Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8
Diopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
Dravite9.CK.05Na(Mg3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Epidote9.BG.05a{Ca2}{Al2Fe3+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)
Fayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
Ferro-edenite9.DE.15{Na}{Ca2}{Fe2+5}(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Fluorokinoshitalite (TL)9.EC.35BaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2
Fluorophlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2
'Halloysite'9.ED.10Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
'var: Ferrian Halloysite'9.ED.10Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Humite9.AF.50(Mg,Fe2+)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2
Magbasite (TL)9.HA.25KBa(Al,Sc)(Mg,Fe)6Si6O20F2
Magnesio-arfvedsonite9.DE.25{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Magnesio-riebeckite9.DE.25◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Microcline9.FA.30KAlSi3O8
Montmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Muscovite
var: Sericite		9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Nontronite9.EC.40Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Orthoclase9.FA.30KAlSi3O8
Perrierite-(Ce)9.BE.70(Ce,Ca,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8
Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2
Richterite9.DE.20{Na}{CaNa}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Riebeckite9.DE.25◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
Schorl9.CK.05Na(Fe2+3)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Tainiolite9.EC.15KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Thorite9.AD.30(Th,U)SiO4
var: Ferrithorite9.AD.30(Th,Fe3+)[Si(O,OH)4]
var: Uranothorite9.AD.30(Th,U)SiO4
Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
Tremolite9.DE.10☐{Ca2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Vesuvianite9.BG.35(Ca,Na,☐)19(Al,Mg,Fe3+)13(☐,B,Al,Fe3+)5(Si2O7)4(SiO4)10(OH,F,O)10
Yangzhumingite (TL)9.EC.20KMg2.5(Si4O10)F2
Zircon9.AD.30ZrSiO4
Unclassified Minerals
'Aeschynite'-
'Apatite'-
'Beiyinite'-
'Biotite'-
'Chlorite Group'-
Ferrisepiolite-(Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4((Si,Fe3+)6O15)(O,OH)2 · 6H2O
'Hornblende'-
'Hydrogoethite'-3Fe2O3·4H2O
Illite-K0.65Al2.0[ ][Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
'Leucoxene'-
'Limonite'-FeO(OH) · nH2O
'Monazite'-
'Oborite'-
'Perthite'-
'Psilomelane'-
'Scapolite'-
'Serpentine Group'-D2[Si2O5](OH)4 + or - nH2O
'Unnamed (Ca-Ba carbonate)'-(Ca,Sr)2Ba[CO3]3
'Unnamed (Cordylite-like (Ca0.5[]0.5)BaCe2[CO3]4F)'-Ca□Ba2Ce4[CO3]8F2
Zeolite Group-


161 entries listed. 137 valid minerals.

References

Qingchang Meng (1981): Genesis of the Bayan Obo carbonatite deposits. Geology and Prospecting 17(3), 10-17 (in Chinese).

Zonglin Hou (1982): Discussion on a symbiotic sedimentary-metamorphic origin of the Bayan Obo deposit. Geology and Prospecting 18(8), 24-29, 52 (in Chinese).

Ren Yingchen, Ximen Lulu, and Peng Zhizhong (1983): Daqingshanite: A new mineral recently discovered in China. Geochemistry 2(2), 180-84 (in English).

Jutian Qiu and Tiegeng Liu (1986): On the genesis of the Bayan Obo carbonatites. Geology and Prospecting 22(8), 35-40 (in Chinese).

Zhang, P. and Tao, K. (1986): Bayan Obo mineralogy. Science Publishers, Beijing, 208 pp. (in Chinese with English abstract)

Tiegeng Liu, Guanxin Wang, and Jiwen Gong (1987): A study of brockite found in China. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 7(2), 177-182.

Zonglin Hou (1989): The Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE deposit: its basic geological features, metallogenesis and genetic model. Geology and Prospecting 25(7), 1-5, 22 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Youbin Liang (1990): The Discovery and Study of Strontianiferous Aragonite. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 9(1).

Drew, L.J., Qingrun Meng, and Weijun Sun (1990): The Bayan Obo iron-rare-earth-niobium deposits, Inner Mongolia, China. Lithos, 26, 43-65.

Le Bas, M.J., Kellere, J., Tao Kejie, Wall, F., William, C.T., and Zhang Peishan (1992): Carbonatite dykes at Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. Mineralogy and Petrology 46(3), 195-228.

Wenmei Wang and Yongfu Yu (1993): A study on aegirine from Baiyun Obo ore deposit. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 13(2), 169-173.

Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Xueming (1996): "Mineralogy and Geology of Rare Earths in China", Science Press (Beijing), 226 pp.

Zhongxin Yuan and Ge Bai (1997): Distribution of alkaline intrusive rocks and related metallic ore deposits of China. Geology and Prospecting 33(1), 42-48 (in Chinese with English abstract).

Tu Guangchi and Wang Kaiyi (1997): Factors Constraining the Formation of the Superlarge Bayan-Obo REE-Fe-Nb Deposit. In: Pei Rongfu (ed.): Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress, Vol.9, VSP (Utrecht, Tokyo), pp. 83-90.

Chao, E.C.T., Back, J.M., Minkin, J.A., Tatsumoto, M., Wang Junwen, Conrad, J.E., McKee, E.H., Hou Zonglin, Meng Qingrun, and Huang Shengguang (1997): The Sedimentary Carbonate-Hosted Giant Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb Ore Deposit of Inner Mongolia, China: A Cornerstone Example for Giant Polymetallic Ore Deposits of Hydrothermal Origin. USGS Bulletin 2143.

Jiyuan Gao, Yixian Wang, Yuzhuo Qiu, and Qian Zhang (1999): Origin of the ore-bearing dolomite in Baiyun Obo ore deposit. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica 17(s1), 675-680.

Smith, M.P., Henderson, P., and Peishan, Z. (1999): Reaction relationships in the Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit Inner Mongolia, China: implications for the relative stability of rare-earth element phosphates and fluorocarbonates. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 134, 294-310.

Smith, M.P., Henderson, P., and Campbell, L.S. (2000): Fractionation of the REE during hydrothermal processes: constraints from the Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb deposit, Inner Mongolia, China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64(18), 3141-1360.

Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.

Zhongxin Yuan, Ge Bai, and Zongqing Zhang (2004): Autometasomatic phenomena of host rocks in the Bayan Obo ore deposit and their significance. Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica 23(1), 19-25.

Zhuming Yang, Rengui Song, Kejie Tao, and Peishan Zhang (2003): Rare earth compositional variation of aeschynite group minerals. Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society 21(6), 716-720.

Hongrui Fan, Yihan Xie, Kaiyi Wang, and Wilde, S.A. (2004): Methane-rich fluid inclusions in skarn near the giant REE–Nb–Fe deposit at Bayan Obo, Northern China. Ore Geology Reviews 25, 301-309.

Jinsha Xu and Ganfu Shen (2005): Mineralogical study on fluorophlogopite from the Bayan Obo ore deposit. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 25(3), 213-216.

Gupta, C.K., and Krishnamurthy, N. (2005): Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths. CRC Press (Boca Raton), 484 pp.

Zhanfeng Yang and Jianyong Liu (2007): Necessity and feasability of Baiyunebo rare earth deposit prospecting. Chinese Rare Earths 28(6), 84-87.

Jinsha Xu, Guaming Yang, Guowu Li, Zhilan Wu, Ganfu Shen (2008): A new mineral, Dingdaohengite-(Ce): the polymorph of Perrierite-(Ce) and a titanium analog at the C(1) site of Chevkinite sub-group. Acta Mineralogica Sinica 28(3), 237-243.

Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): Carbonatites of the World. Explored Deposits of Nb and REE - Database and Grade and Tonnage Models. USGS Open-File Report 09-1139.

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