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Childrenite

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George and Charlotte Mine, Devon & Cornwall United Mines, Morwellham, Tavistock Hamlets, Tavistock District, Devon, England, UK
© P N Min.

Show Childrenite Photos (108)
Formula:
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al[(OH)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
System:OrthorhombicColour:Yellowish brown, brown, ...
Hardness:5
Name:After John George Children (1777–1852), English chemist and mineralogist.


Childrenite-Eosphorite Series. The apparent Fe2+ analogue of Eosphorite.

Classification of Childrenite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/D.14-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.DD.20

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4= 2:1
Dana 8th edition ID:42.7.1.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.12.57

19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
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Type Occurrence of Childrenite

Type Locality:Tavistock District, Devon, England, UK
Year of Discovery:1823
Associated Minerals at type locality:
SideriteQuartzPyriteApatite

Occurrences of Childrenite

Geological Setting:Complex granitic pegmatites, a low temperature hydrothermal alteration product of primary phosphates.

Physical Properties of Childrenite

Lustre:Vitreous, Resinous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Yellowish brown, brown, clove-brown; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):5
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
Poor on {100}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.11 - 3.19 g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.13(1) g/cm3

Crystallography of Childrenite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 10.41Å, b = 13.42Å, c = 6.92Å
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.776 : 1 : 0.516
Unit Cell Volume:V 966.74 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Equant to pyramidal crystals, short prismatic [001], tabular, platy, radiating groups, fibrous crusts, massive.
Twinning:May show on {100} and {001}.
Comment:Probably monoclinic, pseudo orthorhombic
Crystal Atlas:
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Childrenite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Childrenite no.9 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Childrenite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.644 - 1.649 nβ = 1.662 - 16.830 nγ = 1.671 - 1.691
2V:Measured: 40° to 45°, Calculated: 50°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.027 - 0.042

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v strong
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X= yellow
Y= pink
Z= pale pink to colorless

Chemical Properties of Childrenite

Formula:
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al[(OH)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, Fe, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Al, Fe, H, Mn, O, P
Common Impurities:Ca,Mn

Relationship of Childrenite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Eosphorite (see here)
Common Associates:
Tourmaline GroupApatite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.DD.05Chenevixite
Cu
 
2
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
2
|AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.DD.05Luetheite
Cu
 
2
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|AsO
 
4
]
 
2
8.DD.10Akrochordite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
5
[(OH)
 
2
|AsO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.10Guanacoite
Cu
 
2
Mg
 
2
(Mg
 
0.5
Cu
 
0.5
)[(OH)
 
2
|AsO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Aheylite
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Chalcosiderite
Cu(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
6
[(OH)
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Faustite
(Zn,Cu)Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Planerite
Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
4
|HPO
 
4
|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 4 H
 
2
O
8.DD.15Turquoise
Cu(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
6
[(OH)
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
8.DD.20Eosphorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Al[(OH)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
8.DD.20Ernstite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)Al[(OH,O)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.12.1Metaswitzerite
Mn
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.2Bermanite
Mn
2+
 
Mn
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
19.12.3Natrophilite
NaMn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
]
19.12.4Sidorenkite
Na
 
3
Mn
2+
 
[PO
 
4
|CO
 
3
]
19.12.5Niahite
(NH
 
4
)(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)[PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.6Robertsite
Ca
 
3
Mn
3+
4
[(OH)
 
3
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.7Pararobertsite
Ca
 
2
Mn
3+
3
[O
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 3H
 
2
O
19.12.8Sinkankasite
H
 
2
Mn
2+
 
Al[OH|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.9Mangangordonite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.10Heterosite
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
19.12.11Purpurite
(Mn
3+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
19.12.12Wolfeite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
19.12.13Triploidite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
19.12.14Lipscombite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.15Frondelite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.16Rockbridgeite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.17Kryzhanovskite
MnFe
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
·H
 
2
O
19.12.18Landesite
Mn
2+
3-x
Fe
3+
x
[(OH)
 
x
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · (3-x)H
 
2
O
19.12.19Phosphoferrite
(Fe,Mn)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
19.12.20Reddingite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
19.12.21Earlshannonite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.22Hureaulite
(Mn,Fe)
 
5
H
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.23Switzerite
(Mn,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·7H
 
2
O
19.12.24Laueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.25Pseudolaueite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.26Strunzite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.27Stewartite
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
[OH|PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.28Alluaudite
(Na,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.29Ferroalluaudite
(Na,Ca)Fe
2+
 
(Fe
3+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.30Fillowite
{Mn
2+
 
}{Na
 
8
}{Ca
 
4
Na
 
4
}{(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)
 
43
}[PO
 
4
]
 
36
19.12.31Johnsomervilleite
{Ca}{Na
 
6
[ ]
 
2
}{Ca
 
6
Na
 
2
}{(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
43
}[PO
 
4
]
 
36
19.12.32Wicksite
NaCa
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
4
MgFe
3+
 
[PO
 
4
]
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.33Dickinsonite-(KMnNa)
{KNa}{Mn
2+
 
[ ]}{Ca}{Na
 
3
}{Mn
2+
13
}{Al}[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
12
]
19.12.34Sarcopside
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.35Ludlamite
(Fe,Mn,Mg)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
19.12.36Graftonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.37Wilhelmvierlingite
CaMnFe
3+
 
[OH|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.38Fairfieldite
Ca
 
2
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.39Beusite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Ca,Mg)
 
3
[PO
 
4
]
 
2
19.12.40Messelite
Ca
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.41Jahnsite-(CaMnFe)
CaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.42Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)
CaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.43Jahnsite-(CaMnMg)
CaMn
2+
 
(Mg,Fe
2+
 
)
 
2
Fe
3+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.44Keckite
(Ca,Mg)(Mn
2+
 
,Zn)
 
2
Fe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.12.45Stanfieldite
Ca
 
7
Ca
 
2
Mg
 
9
[PO
 
4
]
 
12
19.12.46Laubmannite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Ca)
 
3
Fe
3+
6
[(OH)
 
3
|PO
 
4
]
 
4
19.12.47Zodacite
Ca
 
4
Mn
2+
 
Fe
3+
4
[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
 
2
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.12.48Hagendorfite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Fe
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.49Maghagendorfite
NaMn(Mg,Fe,Fe)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.50Varulite
NaCaMn
2+
 
Mn
2+
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
19.12.51Griphite
Na
 
4
Li
 
2
Ca
 
6
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
19
Al
 
8
[(F,OH)|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
 
8
19.12.52Attakolite
(Ca,Sr)Mn(Al,Fe)
 
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(SiO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)|(HPO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
19.12.53Arrojadite-(KFe)
{KNa}{Fe
2+
 
[ ]}{Ca}{Na
 
2
[ ]}{Fe
2+
13
}{Al}[(OH)
 
2
|HPO
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
11
]
19.12.54Lun'okite
(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO
 
4
)
 
2
OH·4H
 
2
O
19.12.55Eosphorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
2+
 
)Al[(OH)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.56Ernstite
(Mn
2+
 
,Fe
3+
 
)Al[(OH,O)
 
2
|PO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
19.12.58Bobfergusonite
Na
 
2
Mn
 
5
FeAl(PO
 
4
)
 
6
19.12.59Qingheiite
NaMn
3+
 
Mg(Al,Fe
3+
 
)[PO
 
4
]
 
3
19.12.60Whiteite-(CaFeMg)
Ca(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.61Whiteite-(CaMnMg)
CaMn
2+
 
Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.62Whiteite-(MnFeMg)
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Mg
 
2
Al
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.63Rittmannite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ca)Mn
2+
 
(Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
2
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.12.64Zanazziite
Ca
 
2
(Mg,Fe)(Mg,Fe,Al)
 
4
Be
 
4
[(OH)
 
4
|(PO
 
4
)
 
6
] · 6H
 
2
O
19.12.65Samuelsonite
(Ca,Ba)Ca
 
8
Fe
2+
2
Mn
2+
2
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
2
|(PO
 
4
)
 
10
]

Other Names for Childrenite

Other Languages:
German:Childrenit
Russian:Чилдренит
Spanish:Childrenita

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in acids.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Childrenite

Reference List:Brooke (1823) Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts: 16: 274.

Church (1873) Journal of the Chemical Society, London: 26: 103.

Goldschmidt, V. (1913) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text: vol. 1 (1913); vol. 2: 136.

Slavík (1914) Bull. Ac. Sc. Bohême: 14, no. 4.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 57, 72.

Landes (1925) American Mineralogist: 10: 384.

Palache and Shannon (1928) American Mineralogist: 13: 392.

Hintze, Carl (1931) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4B]: 930, 933.

Otto (1935) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 47: 89.

Mason (1942) Geologiska Föeningens I Stockholm. Förhandlinger, Stockholm: 64: 335.

Gordon (1944) Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia: 96: 349.

Barnes (1949) American Mineralogist: 34: 12.

Hurlbut, C. (1950) Childrenite-eosphorite series. American Mineralogist,
35, 793–805.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 936–939.

Braithwaite, R.S.W. and B.V. Cooper (1982) Childrenite in south-west England. Mineralogtical Magazine, 46, 119–126.

Giuseppetti, G., Tadini, C. (1984) The crystal structure of childrenite from Tavistock (SW England), Ch89Eo11 term of childrenite-eosphorite, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1984, 263-271.

Bermanec, V., S. Šćavničar, and V. Zebec (1995) Childrenite and crandallite from the Stari Trg mine (Trepča), Kosovo: new data. Mineralogy and Petrology, 52, 197–208.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2000) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume IV. Arsenates, Phosphates, Vanadates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 680pp.: 109.

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Internet Links for Childrenite

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  • Childrenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Childrenite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    These maps work faster with Firefox!
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Nuristan Province (Nurestan; Nooristan)
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Barossa Valley
            • Angaston
          • Kapunda
      • Olary Province
        • Kalabity homestead area
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Millstatt lake ridge
        • Spittal
          • Millstatt lake
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
          • Wolfsberg Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Bustillos Province
        • Llallagua
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 938, 973; Mineralogical Record: 32: 474.
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Divino das Laranjeiras
            • Linópolis
    		[MinRec 14:233]
          • Galiléia
            • Laranjeiras
    		No reference listed
    [MinRec 12:69]
            • Sapucaia do Norte
    		Cassedanne, J.P. & Baptista, A. (1999): Famous Mineral Localities: The Sapucaia Pegmatite Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Record, 30: 347-360 + 365
        • Itinga
          • Taquaral
            • Jequitinhonha River
    		Paul Bongaerts collection
            • Piauí Valley
    		Jordi Fabre
    [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    Pers. Comm. from Paulo Anselmo Matioli
    [MinRec 14:233]
    Canada
     
    • Nova Scotia
      • Yarmouth Co.
        • East Kemptville
    		J.M. Richardson, et. al., "Mcauslanite, a Supergene Hydrated Iron Aluminum Fluorophosphate from the East Kemptville Tin Mine, Yarmouth County, Nova Scotia", Can. Min., vol. 26, pg. 917-921, 1988. and J.A. Mandarino, J.M.G. Richardson, P.J. Dunn, E.T.C. Sp
    • Yukon Territory
      • Dawson Mining District
    		[Mineralogical Record Vol 23 No.4 pp19]
    [Mineralogical Record Vol 23 No.4 pp19]
    France
     
    • Languedoc-Roussillon
      • Aude
        • Carcassonne
          • Mas-Cabardès
            • Salsigne
    		 Le Règne Minéral, Hors série (3), 36-54
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 783, 938; Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Chiyoda-machi
    		Matsubara, S. & Kato, A. (1980) Koubutsugaku Zasshi, 14, 269-286.
    Kosovo
     
    • Kosovska Mitrovica
      • Trepča valley
        • Trepča complex
    		Féraud J. (1979) - La mine " Stari-Trg " (Trepca, Yougoslavie) et ses richesses minéralogiques. Avec la collaboration de Mari D. et G. (1979) Minéraux et Fossiles, n° 59-60, p. 19-28
    Portugal
     
    • Guarda District
      • Sabugal
    		Schnorrer-Köhler (1991), Mineral Occurrences.
    Sweden
     
    • Skåne
      • Bromölla
        • Näsum
    		Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar 116, 92
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Callington
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
          • Calstock Area
            • Calstock
    		No reference listed
          • Gunnislake Area
    		No reference listed
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Baldhu
            • Falmouth Consolidated
    		No reference listed
        • St Agnes District
          • Newquay - Perranporth Area
            • Perranporth
    		Collection Richard De Nul
        • St Austell District
          • Par Area
            • Carlyon Bay
    		BMS Database
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 938.
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Braithwaite District
            • Causey Pike
              • Scar Crag
    		BMS Database
      • Devon
    		American Mineralogist (1950): 35: 793; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 938; Lapis 11 (1986), 7.
          • Mary Tavy
          • Tavistock Hamlets
            • Morwellham
              • Devon & Cornwall United Mines
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 938; Embrey & Symes, 1987, 100 - "Minerals of Cornwall and Devon"; Rocks & Minerals (1942): 17: 127.
    BMS Database
    No reference listed
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 938; BMS Database
    [Specimen in the Natural History Museum, London; Dana 7:II:938.]
          • Whitchurch
            • Buckland Monachorum
    		No reference listed
    USA
     
    • Maine
      • Oxford Co.
        • Hebron
    		King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1.
        • Rumford
    		Hurlbut, C, 1950, AM, v. 35, p. 793-805; King, V. and Foord, E., 1994, Mineralogy of Maine, v. 1.
    • New Hampshire
      • Cheshire Co.
        • Walpole
    		T Mortimer collection
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		Rocks & Min. 80:251
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Rocks & Min., May 1999.
      • Sullivan Co.
        • Newport
    		No reference listed
    • North Carolina
      • Cleveland Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Minerals: 75(3): 156-169.
    Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Glendale
    		Rocks & Minerals: 60: 116.
          • Keystone
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    Mineral and/or Locality
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