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Apatite-(CaCl)

Big Photo

Dashkesan (Dashkezan) Co-Fe deposit, Dashkesan, Daşkəsən (Daskasan; Dashkyasan) District, Azerbaijan
© Tagliabue-Foschi

Show Apatite-(CaCl) Photos (6)
Formula:
Ca
 
5
[Cl|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
System:HexagonalColour:White
Hardness:5
Name:Named from the Greek word meaning "to deceive"


Apatite Group. The chlorine analogue of Apatite-(CaF) and Apatite-(CaOH). The phosphate analogue of Turneaureite. The Ca5 analogue of Phosphohedyphane. The calcium analogue of Alforsite.

Classification of Apatite-(CaCl)

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.39-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BN.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
N : With only large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 0.33:1
Dana 8th edition ID:41.8.1.2

41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : A5(XO4)3Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:22.2.3

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
2 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with chloride
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Type Occurrence of Apatite-(CaCl)

Type Locality:Kragerø, Telemark, Norway

Occurrences of Apatite-(CaCl)

Geological Setting:Veins in gabbroic rocks; in meteorites.

Physical Properties of Apatite-(CaCl)

Lustre:Vitreous, Dull
Colour:White
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):5

Crystallography of Apatite-(CaCl)

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Class (H-M):6/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:P63/m
Cell Parameters:a = 9.5979Å, c = 6.7762Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 0.706
Unit Cell Volume:V 540.59 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals short to long hexagonal prisms [0001], with {1010} and {1011} dominant; also thick tabular {0001}, frequently in the crystals of hydrothermal origin in pegmatites and veins, with {1010}, relatively large {0001}, and often also {1011} or low pyramids. Massive, coarse granular to compact.
Twinning:Rare contact twins on {1121}. Twin plane {10_13} rare. Also twinning reported on {1010} and {11_23}.
Comment:May be monoclinic, space-group P21/m (a = 9.605, b = 19.210, c = 6.785 A, β = 120°, Z = 6)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.39 (40)
2.853 (100)
2.770 (100)
2.306 (40)
1.960 (50)
1.910 (25)
1.838 (50)
(

Optical Data of Apatite-(CaCl)

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.675 nε = 1.668
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.008

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High

Chemical Properties of Apatite-(CaCl)

Formula:
Ca
 
5
[Cl|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
Essential elements:Ca, Cl, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Ca, Cl, O, P

Relationship of Apatite-(CaCl) to other Species

Member of Group:
Apatite Subgroup:
Apatite Supergroup:
A
 
5
(XO
 
4
)
 
3
Z
 
q
Common Associates:
TitaniteScapoliteRutilePyrrhotiteMagnetite
IlmeniteHornblende
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.BN.05Alforsite
Ba
 
5
[Cl|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Belovite-(Ce)
NaSr
 
3
(Ce,La)[(F,OH)|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Carbonate-rich Apatite-(CaF)
Ca
 
5
[(F,O)|(PO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Carbonate-rich Apatite-(CaOH)
Ca
 
5
[(OH,O)|(PO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Clinomimetite
Pb
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Fermorite
(Ca,Sr)
 
5
(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH)
8.BN.05Apatite-(CaF)
Ca
 
5
[F|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Hedyphane
Pb
 
3
Ca
 
2
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Apatite-(CaOH)
Ca
 
5
[OH|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Johnbaumite
Ca
 
5
[OH|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Mimetite
Pb
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Morelandite
(Ba,Ca,Pb)
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Pyromorphite
Pb
 
5
[Cl|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Apatite-(SrOH)
(Sr,Ca)
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH,F)
8.BN.05Svabite
Ca
 
5
[(F,Cl,OH)|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Turneaureite
Ca
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Vanadinite
Pb
 
5
[Cl|(VO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Belovite-(La)
NaSr
 
3
(La,Ce)[(F,OH)|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Deloneite-(Ce)
NaCa
 
2
SrCe(PO
 
4
)
 
3
F
8.BN.05Fluorcaphite
(Ca,Sr,Ce,Na)
 
5
[F|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Kuannersuite-(Ce)
NaBa
 
3
(Ce,Nd,La)[(F,Cl)|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Apatite-(CaOH)-M
(Ca,Na)
 
3
Ca
 
2
[(OH,Cl)|(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05Phosphohedyphane
Pb
 
3
Ca
 
2
[Cl|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
8.BN.05IMA2008-009
Sr
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
F
8.BN.05IMA2008-068
Ca
 
2
Pb
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
F
8.BN.10Arctite
Na
 
2
Ca
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
F
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
22.2.1Sampleite
NaCaCu
 
5
[Cl|(PO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
22.2.2Lavendulan
NaCaCu
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
22.2.4Turneaureite
Ca
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
22.2.5Shubnikovite
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
8
[Cl|OH|(AsO
 
4
)
 
6
] · 7H
 
2
O
22.2.6Richelsdorfite
Ca
 
2
Cu
 
5
Sb[Cl|(OH)
 
6
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 6H
 
2
O
22.2.7Alforsite
Ba
 
5
[Cl|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
22.2.8Morelandite
(Ba,Ca,Pb)
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
22.2.9Pyromorphite
Pb
 
5
[Cl|(PO
 
4
)
 
3
]
22.2.10Mimetite
Pb
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
22.2.11Clinomimetite
Pb
 
5
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
22.2.12Sahlinite
Pb
 
14
[O
 
9
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
|Cl
 
4
]
22.2.13Georgiadèsite
Pb
 
16
[(OH)
 
6
|Cl
 
14
|(AsO
 
4
)
 
4
]
22.2.14Vanadinite
Pb
 
5
[Cl|(VO
 
4
)
 
3
]
22.2.15Kombatite
Pb
 
14
[O
 
9
|(VO
 
4
)
 
2
|Cl
 
4
]
22.2.16Leningradite
PbCu
 
3
[Cl|VO
 
4
]
 
2
22.2.17Hedyphane
Pb
 
3
Ca
 
2
[Cl|(AsO
 
4
)
 
3
]
22.2.18Nealite
Pb
 
4
Fe
2+
 
[Cl
 
2
|AsO
 
3
]
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O

Other Names for Apatite-(CaCl)

Synonyms:
Chlor-apatiteChlorapatiteFluorian Chlorapatite
Other Languages:
German:Chlorapatit
Russian:Хлорапатит
Апатит-(CaCl)
Spanish:Chlorapatita

Other Information

Other Information:Soluble in HCl or in HNO3. Varieties containing CO3 may dissolve with slight effervescence.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Apatite-(CaCl)

Reference List:Rammelsberg, C.F. (1860) Handbuch der Mineralchemie. First edition, Leipzig (as Chlorapatit).

Nacken (1912) Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie, Stuttgart: 547.

Borgström (1932) Finska Kem. Medd.: no. 2: 51.

Hendricks, Jefferson, and Mosley (1932) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 81: 352.

Gruner and McConnell (1937) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 97: 208.

McConnell and Gruner (1940) American Mineralogist: 25: 157.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 879-889.

Prener, J.S. (1967) The growth and crystallographic properties of calcium fluor- and chlorapatite. Journal of the Electrochem. Society: 114: 77-83.

Canadian Mineralogist (1972): 10: 137.

Knottnerus, D.I.M., Den Hartog, H.W., and van Der Lugt, W. (1972) Optical and EPR investigations of colour centres in calcium chlorapatite. Phys. Stat. Sol.(a): 13: 505-515.

Roufosse, A., Stapelbroek, M., Bartram, R.H., and Gilliam, O.R. (1974) Oxygen-associated hole-like centers in calcium chlorapatite. Phys. Rev.: B9: 855-862.

Elliott, J.C., Young, K.A., and Mackie, P.E. (1975) Effect of chlorine ion vacancies on the local atomic parameters in non-stoichiometric chlorapatite. Acta Crystallographica: A31: S268.

Bauer, M. and Klee, W.E. (1993) The monoclinic-hexagonal phase transition in chlorapatite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 5: 307-316.

Fleet, M.E., Liu, X., and Pan, Y. (2000b) Rare earth elements in chlorapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(Cl)2]: uptake, site preference and degradation of monoclinic structure. American Mineralogist: 85: 1437-1446.

Internet Links for Apatite-(CaCl)

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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    Localities for Apatite-(CaCl)

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Afghanistan
     
    • Badakhshan (Badakshan; Badahsan) Province
      • Koksha Valley (Kokscha; Kokcha)
    		Journal of Petrology 43(4):725-747 (2002)
    Algeria
     
    • Lakhbi
    		www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb88.pdf.
    www.meteoriticalsociety.org/bulletin/mb89preview.pdf.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Enderby Land
    		http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_60995.
    Argentina
     
    • Chaco
      • Gran Chaco
    		Bunch, T.E., Keil, K., and Olsen, E. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 25, 297-340.
    Australia
     
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Nairne
      • Olary Province
        • Weekeroo Station
    		Bunch, T.E., Keil, K., and Olsen, E. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 25, 297-340.
    Austria
     
    • Styria
      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
        • Krieglach
          • Freßnitzgraben
            • Alpl
    		F. Bernhard, F. Walter, K. Ettinger, J. Taucher, K. Mereiter: Amer. Mineral. 83:625-630 (1998)
    SEM-EDS on polished section, 15.1.2005, Franz Bernhard
    Azerbaijan
     
    • Daşkəsən (Daskasan; Dashkyasan) District
      • Dashkesan
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Bahamas
     
    • San Salvador District
      • San Salvador Island
    		Carb.&Evap. v.16 no.1 (2001)
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Rafael Bustillo Province
        • Llallagua
    		Ulf Kempe, et al (2008) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (in press)
    Brazil
     
    • Southeast Region
      • Minas Gerais
        • Doce valley
          • Divino das Laranjeiras
            • Linópolis
    		[MinRecord 28:492]
    Canada
     
    • Manitoba
      • Cross Lake
    		The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 36,pp. 367-376 (1998)
    • Québec
      • Montérégie
        • Pierre-De Saurel RCM
          • Saint-Robert
    		http://castaing.eps.mcgill.ca/meteoriteposter/poster.html.
    • Saskatchewan
      • Athabasca Basin
        • Honsvall Lake
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 1251-1272.
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Huasco Province
        • Alto del Carmen
    		Maksaev, V., Townley, B., Palacios, C., and Camus, F. (2007): Metallic ore deposits. In: Moreno, T., and Gibbons, W. (editors): The Geology of Chile. The Geological Society (London), pp. 414.
        • Los Colorados district
    		Maksaev, V., Townley, B., Palacios, C., and Camus, F. (2007): Metallic ore deposits. In: Moreno, T., and Gibbons, W. (editors): The Geology of Chile. The Geological Society (London), pp. 414.
    • Coquimbo Region
      • Elqui Province
        • La Serena
    		Maksaev, V., Townley, B., Palacios, C., and Camus, F. (2007): Metallic ore deposits. In: Moreno, T., and Gibbons, W. (editors): The Geology of Chile. The Geological Society (London), pp. 414.
    China
     
    • Hubei Province
      • Suizhou Prefecture
        • Zengdu District
          • Dayanpo
    		Lapis 29(2), 42 (2004)
    France
     
    • Champagne-Ardenne
      • Haute-Marne
        • Chassigny
    		Lunar. Planet. Sci. 29, #1069 (1998).
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Andernach
          • Eich
    		Blass, G., Graf, HW., Kolitsch, U., Sebold, D., Über neue Mineralfunde aus der Vulkaneifel, Mineralien-Welt 6/2005
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
    		Thomas, R., and Webster, J.D. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 570-582.
    Hungary
     
    • Tolna Co.
      • Geresdi Hills
        • Mórágy
    		HOM Collection
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
    		Guastoni, A., et al., Mineralogical Magazine 71,579-585(2007)
    • Piedmont
      • Vercelli Province
        • Sesia Valley
          • Quarona
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
          • Varallo Sesia
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Kanagawa Prefecture
          • Yamakita
    		Harada, Z. (1938) Beitraege zur Kenntnis der optischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des Apatits von Kurokura, Kanagawa Praefektur. Journ. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido University, ser. 4, 11.
        • Saitama Prefecture
          • Chichibu-gun
            • Ohtaki-mura
              • Nakatsugawa
                • Chichibu Mine
    		Harada et al (1971) Am. Min., 56, 1507-1518.
    Alfredo Petrov collection
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Qostaney Oblysy (Kostanai [Kustany] Oblast')
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Mexico
     
    • Mexico
      • Jiquipilco (Xiquipilco)
    		Bunch, T.E., Keil, K., and Olsen, E. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 25, 297-340.
    Morocco
     
    • Guelmim - Es-Semara Region
      • Assa-Zag Province
        • Zag
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005)
    T. Bunch and J. Wittke, NAU
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Waikato
    		Can. Mineral., 27, 199-203
    Niger
     
    • Benue River
    		Bunch, T.E., Keil, K., and Olsen, E. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 25, 297-340.
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Arendal
      • Froland
        • Lyngrott
    		J.H.L. Vogt (1910, p. 151 and 1938b, p. 220); Neumann (1985, p. 123).)
      • Gjerstad
    		Neumann (1985, p. 123).
      • Risør
    		Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Neumann (1985, p. 123).
        • Skarvann
    		Neumann (1985, p. 123).
      • Vegårdshei (Vegårshei)
    		Andersen (1923, p. 397); Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    • Buskerud
      • Modum
        • Snarum
    Raade & Mladeck (1979, p. 283); Neumann (1985, p. 123).
      • Nedre Eiker
    		Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    • Nordland
      • Rana
        • Altermark area
    		Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26
    • Telemark
      • Bamble (Bamle)
        • Bjordam
    		Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Ramsay & Morton (1971, pp. 398-399); Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Brøgger & Reusch (1880); Brøgger (1934, p. 146); Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 886; Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Morton & Catanzaro (1964, p. 308); Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Brøgger & Reusch (1880); Neumann (1985, p. 123).
    Rammelsberg, C.F. (1860) Handbuch der Mineralchemie. First edition, Leipzig, p. 353 Raade, G. (1996): Minerals originally described from Norway. Including notes on type material. Bergverksmuseets Skrift nr 11, p. 29
    Oman
     
    • Dhofar (Al Janubiyah) Province
    		The Meteoritical Bulletin 84 (Aug.2000)
    The Meteoritical Bulletin, No. 88, 2004 JULY, Meteoritics & Planetary Science 39, Axxx–Axxx (2004)
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Ząbkowice District
        • Ząbkowice (Frankenstein)
          • Szklary (Gläsendorf)
    		Pieczka A. 2007: Beusite and an unusual Mn-rich apatite from the Szklary granitic pegmatite, Lower Silesia, Southwestern Poland. Canadian Mineralogist, vol. 45, no.4, p. 901-914
    • Mazowieckie
      • Warszawa
    		Manecki, 2001. in Geological Quarterly Vol. 45-03 (Polish Geological Institute)
    Romania
     
    • Brașov Co.
    		Szakáll, S., Almási, E., Köllı, A., Sajó, I., Vezzalini, G. (2006): New data about the minerals of the copper ore deposit at Balan (East Carpathians) and of limestone xenolithes from basalt at Racosu de Jos (Persani Mts.), Romania. Acta Mineral.-Petrogr., Abstr. Ser. 5, p. 112. [http://www.mineral.hermuz.hu/acta_05/pdf/szakalls1.pdf]
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Northern Karelia
          • Oulanka plutonic complex
            • Olanga (Oulanka) River
    		Semenov, S.V., Glebovitsky, V.A., Kol’tsov, A.B., Semenov, V.S., Korneev, S.I., and Savatenkov, V.M. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(4), 249-274.
    Slovakia
     
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
        • Vyšná Šebastová
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    Spain
     
    • Castile and Leon
      • Zamora
    		Am Min 90:1887-1899
    Sweden
     
    • Lappland
      • Kiruna district
        • Svappavaara
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Vaud (Waadt)
      • Lavey-les-Bains
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Verlag Wepf & Co. (Basel), p. 44
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Yavapai Co.
    		AmMin 67: 97-113 (1982)
    • Georgia
      • Lumpkin Co.
        • Dahlonega
          • Auraria
    		Minerals of Georgia: Their properties and occurrences. Robert Cook GGWRD Bull 92
    • Indiana
      • Tippecanoe Co.
        • Lafayette
    		www-curator.jsc.nasa.gov/antmet/mmc/Lafay.pdf.
    • Michigan
      • Baraga Co.
        • Alberta
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Montana
      • Stillwater Co.
    • Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
        • Safford District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Grafton Co.
        • Groton
    		Journal of Pegmatology vol. 1, no. 1
    • New York
      • Essex Co.
        • Mineville District
    		NY State Museum spec. no. 18229
    • Texas
      • Ector Co.
        • Odessa
    		Bunch, T.E., Keil, K., and Olsen, E. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 25, 297-340.
      • Hamilton Co.
        • Carlton
    		American Mineralogist, Volume 79, pages 375-380, 1994
    • Virginia
      • Fairfax Co.
        • Culpeper Basin
          • Centreville
    		Minerals of Virginia (1990) by R. V. Dietrich
      • Loudoun Co.
        • Conklin
    		Rocks & Min.:60:167.
      • Mecklenburg Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Venezuela
     
    • Miranda
    		Urbani, 1997. Bol. Soc. Venezolana de Espeleología, no.30.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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