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Chloritoid

Big Photo

Västanå Iron Mine (Westanå Mine), Näsum, Bromölla, Skåne, Sweden
© Kjell Gatedal

Show Chloritoid Photos (4)
Formula:
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
System:MonoclinicColour:dark green to green-gray ...
Hardness:6½


Chloritoid Group. Carboirite-Chloritoid Series.

Classification of Chloritoid

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:8/B.24-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:9.AF.85

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
Dana 8th edition ID:52.3.3.1

52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
Hey's CIM Ref.:16.19.6

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
19 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Mg
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Type Occurrence of Chloritoid

Type Locality:Kosoi Brod Village, Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk), Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast', Middle Urals, Urals Region, Russia

Physical Properties of Chloritoid

Lustre:Vitreous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Translucent
Colour:dark green to green-gray or nearly black.
Hardness (Mohs):6½
Cleavage:Perfect
{001} perfect, {110} good.
Density (measured):3.4 - 3.8 g/cm3

Crystallography of Chloritoid

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:B2/b (B1 1 2/b) [C2/c] {C1 2/c 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 9.48Å, b = 5.48Å, c = 18.18Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.73 : 1 : 3.318
Unit Cell Volume:V 0.00 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Thin to thick foliated plates or as massive aggremates. Seldom as pseudohexagonal tabular crystals.

Also triclinic.
Twinning:Often twinned.

Optical Data of Chloritoid

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.713 - 1.730 nβ = 1.719 - 1.734 nγ = 1.723 - 1.740
2V:Measured: 36° to 89°, Calculated: 78° to 80°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.010

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v

Chemical Properties of Chloritoid

Formula:
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
[O|(OH)
 
2
|SiO
 
4
]
Essential elements:Al, Fe, H, O, Si
All elements listed in formula:Al, Fe, H, Mg, Mn, O, Si

Relationship of Chloritoid to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Carboirite (see here)
Related to:
  • Chloritoid Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
    9.AF.05Sillimanite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.10Andalusite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.10Kanonaite
    Mn
    3+
     
    		Al[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.15Kyanite
    Al
     
    2
    		[O|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.20Mullite
    Al
     
    8
    		[(O,OH,F)|(Si,Al)O
     
    4
    		]
     
    4
    9.AF.20Krieselite
    (Al,Ga)
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|GeO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.25Yoderite
    Mg(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[O|OH|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.30Magnesiostaurolite
    (Mg,Li,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    1.5-2
    		Al
     
    9
    		[O
     
    6
    		|(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.30Staurolite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Zn)
     
    1.5-2
    		Al
     
    9
    		[O
     
    6
    		|(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.30Zincostaurolite
    (Zn,Li,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    <2
    		Al
     
    9
    		[O
     
    6
    		|(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.35Topaz
    Al
     
    2
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.40Norbergite
    Mg
     
    3
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.45Alleghanyite
    Mn
    2+
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.45Chondrodite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.45Reinhardbraunsite
    Ca
     
    5
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.50Humite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    7
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.AF.50Manganhumite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    7
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.AF.55Clinohumite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    9
    		[(F,OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.55Sonolite
    Mn
    2+
    9
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.55Hydroxylclinohumite
    Mg
     
    9
    		[(OH,F)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.60Leucophoenicite
    Mn
    2+
    7
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
    9.AF.65Ribbeite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    5
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    9.AF.70Jerrygibbsite
    Mn
    2+
    9
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.75Franciscanite
    Mn
    3+
    6
    		V
    5+
    0.5
    		[(O,OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.75Örebroite
    Mn
    2+
    3
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Sb
    5+
     
    		)[(O,OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.75Welinite
    Mn
    3+
    6
    		(W
    6+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    0.7
    		[(O,OH)
     
    3
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.80Ellenbergerite
    Mg
     
    6
    		Al
     
    6
    		Ti[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(HSiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.85Magnesiochloritoid
    MgAl
     
    2
    		[O|(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.85Ottrélite
    (Mn
    2+
     
    		,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)Al
     
    2
    		[O|(OH)
     
    2
    		|SiO
     
    4
    		]
    9.AF.90Poldervaartite
    CaCa[SiO
     
    3
    		OH](OH)
    9.AF.90Olmiite
    CaMn
    2+
     
    		[SiO
     
    3
    		(OH)](OH)
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
    16.19.1Indialite
    Mg
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
    16.19.2Cordierite
    (Mg,Fe)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
    16.19.3Sekaninaite
    (Fe,Mg)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    4
    		Si
     
    5
    		O
     
    18
    16.19.4Ferrogedrite
    ☐[Fe
    2+
    2
    		][Fe
    2+
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    16.19.5Staurolite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Zn)
     
    1.5-2
    		Al
     
    9
    		[O
     
    6
    		|(OH,O)
     
    2
    		|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
    16.19.7Amesite
    Mg
     
    2
    		Al[(OH)
     
    4
    		|AlSiO
     
    5
    		]
    16.19.8Corundophilite
    (Mg,Fe,Al)
     
    6
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    16.19.9Yoderite
    Mg(Al,Fe
    3+
     
    		)
     
    3
    		[O|OH|(SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    16.19.10Delessite
    (Mg,Fe,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(O,OH)
     
    8
    16.19.11Ferrocarpholite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    16.19.12Magnesiocarpholite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)Al
     
    2
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|Si
     
    2
    		O
     
    6
    		]
    16.19.13Chamosite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg)
     
    5
    		Al[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    16.19.14Orthochamosite
    (Fe,Mg,Fe)
     
    5
    		Al(Si
     
    3
    		Al)O
     
    10
    		(OH,O)
     
    8
    16.19.15Berthierine
    (Fe,Fe,Mg)
     
    2-3
    		(Si,Al)
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    16.19.16Odinite
    (Fe,Mg,Al,Fe,Ti,Mn)
     
    2.4
    		(Si,Al)
     
    2
    		O
     
    5
    		(OH)
     
    4
    16.19.17Clinochlore
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    5
    		Al[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    16.19.18Gedrite
    ☐[Mg
     
    2
    		][Mg
     
    3
    		Al
     
    2
    		][(OH)
     
    2
    		|Al
     
    2
    		Si
     
    6
    		O
     
    22
    		]
    16.19.19Magnesiogedrite
    16.19.20Diabantite
    (Mg,Fe,Al)
     
    6
    		(Si,Al)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    8
    16.19.21Sudoite
    (Mg,Fe
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    8
    		|AlSi
     
    3
    		O
     
    10
    		]
    16.19.22Vermiculite
    (Mg,Fe,Al)
     
    3
    		(Al,Si)
     
    4
    		O
     
    10
    		(OH)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    16.19.23Corrensite
    (Mg,Fe)
     
    9
    		(Si,Al)
     
    8
    		O
     
    20
    		(OH)
     
    10
    		·nH
     
    2
    		O

    Other Names for Chloritoid

    Synonyms:
    BarytophylliteBliabergiteBliabergsiteChlorite sparChloritoidite
    SismondineSismonditeStrüverite (of Brezina)
    German names:
    BarytophyllitBliabergitBliabergsitChloritoiditChloritspat
    Sismondit
    Russian names:
    Хлоритоид
    Spanish names:
    BarytophyllitaBliabergitaBliabergsitaChloritoiditaSismondita
    Varieties:
    Masonite

    Other Information

    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Chloritoid

    Reference List:Acta Crystallographica: B31: 780.

    American Mineralogist (1980): 65: 534-539.

    Theye, T., Seidel, E., and Vidal, O. (1992) Carpholite, sudoite, chloritoid in low-grade high-pressure metapelites from Crete and the Peloponnese, Greece. European Journal of Mineralogy: 4: 487-507.

    Theye, T. (2000) New experimental high pressure data on chloritoid and carpholite. Beiheft No. 1, European Journal of Mineralogy: 12: 212.

    Internet Links for Chloritoid

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Chloritoid in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Chloritoid details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Chloritoid

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
    AmMin 36:361-367
    AmMin 36:361-367
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
    		Birch BH Book
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • Hüttenberg
          • Hüttenberger Erzberg
            • Knappenberg
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Gurktaler Alpen Mts
        • Radenthein
          • Feld am See
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
        • St Veit an der Glan
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Glockner group
          • Fuscher-Kar-Kopf Mt.
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
          • Hochtor area
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
        • Hafner group
          • Pölla valley
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
          • Schober Mt. - Eisig peak area
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
      • Kreuzeck group
        • Penk
          • Teuchlbach valley
    		Walter, F. & Ettinger, K. (2001
    • Salzburg
      • Dienten
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Fusch valley
          • Brennkogel Mt. area
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
        • Krieglach
    		F. Bernhard et al.: Mitt. Österr. Min. Ges. 142:246-248 (1998)
      • Graz
        • St Radegund
    		Aufschluss 1972(SB), 67-68
    Belgium
     
    • Liège Province
      • Stoumont
    • Luxembourg Province
      • Bastogne
        • Mardasson
    		A. Darimont et al., Bull. Minéral. , 1988, 111, pp. 321-330.
      • Stavelot Massif
        • Vielsalm
    		A. Hanson, Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 139-143.
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Abitibi Co.
    		[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
    No reference listed
      • Mégantic Co.
        • Thetford Mines
    		Harvard Museum of Natural History
    Cuba
     
    • Villa Clara Province
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Kraslice (Graslitz)
    		Beran, P.: Mineralogie ložiska Cu (Ag, Au, Co) rud Tisová u Kraslic. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1997, roč. 4-5, s. 65-77.
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
          • Petrov nad Desnou (Petersdorf an der Tess)
    		Zimák, J., Novotný, P.: Petrov nad Desnou – Anenský pramen. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 6-8.
      • Vysočina Region
        • Žďár nad Sázavou
    		Russian Geology and Geophysics 34, no.12: (1993).125-131. 737
    Ecuador
     
    • El Oro Province
    		 Eur. Journ. Mineral. , Vol. 15, N° 6, 2003, pp. 977-989.
    France
     
    • Brittany
      • Finistère
        • Plourin-lès-Morlaix
    		R.PIERROT, L. CHAURIS, C. LAFORET (1973) : "Inventaire minéralogique de la France : 29- Finistère.", B.R.G.M. Paris.
      • Morbihan
        • Groix
          • Groix Island
    		Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), p. 37.
    Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), p. 37.
        • le Palais
          • Belle-Ile
            • Samzun
    		Chauris L. (1987), Composition minéralogique et origine des placers littoraux dans quatre îles du Morbihan, Géologie de la France, (1), p. 57.
        • Lorient
          • Guidel
            • Guidel-Plages
    		Chauris L. (1988), Les sables noirs à magnétite de l’anse du Pouldu en Bretagne Méridionale, Géologie de la France, (4), p. 29.
    Chauris L. (1988), Les sables noirs à magnétite de l’anse du Pouldu en Bretagne Méridionale, Géologie de la France, (4), p. 29.
            • Le Fort-Bloqué
    		Chauris L. (1988), Les sables noirs à magnétite de l’anse du Pouldu en Bretagne Méridionale, Géologie de la France, (4), p. 29.
          • Port-Louis
    		Chauris L. (1982), Les sables lourds des plages du Mor Bras – Introduction à l’étude des placers littoraux en Bretagne Méridionale, Bull. Soc. Sc.nat.Ouest de la France, nouvelle série, tome 4, (1), PP. 38-41.
        • Sarzeau
    		R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980.
    R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980.
    R. Pierrot, L. Chauris, C. Laforêt and F. Pillard : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France N° 9 : Morbihan", BRGM, 1980.
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Cauflens
          • Seix
            • Salau
    		C. Derré, M. Fonteilles, L.Y. Nansot : "Le Gisement de Scheelite de Salau, Ariège - Pyrénées", Publications du 26è Congrès Géologique International, Paris, 7-17 July, 1980
      • Aveyron
        • Pays d'Olt
    		D. Poulain and J. Kornprobst, Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. , 1974, 97, pp. 54-58.
    • Pays de Loire
      • Maine-et-Loire
    		Le Règne Minéral, n°56, p 18
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Savoie
    Germany
     
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Niederzissen
          • Glees
    		Kratzsch, E., (2006): Der Wehr-Vulkan und seine Mineralien, MineralienWelt 17 (5)
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz Mts
    		No reference listed
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Bockau
    Ghana
     
    • Western Province
      • Tarkwa
    		http://www.portergeo.com.au/tours/africa2000/module2.asp
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Kykládes Prefecture
        • Cyclade Islands (Cyclades; Kikladhes; Nomos Kikladhon)
      • Sámos Prefecture
        • Sámos Island
    		http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/pb4/pg1/people/feenstraabstracts/feen-abs4.html
          • Kerketeas Mt (Kerkis Mt)
    		No reference listed
    • Crete (Kriti) Department
    		Eur. J. Mineral., 4: 487-507
        • Chania (Khania; Chaníon) Prefecture
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
        • Heraklion (Iraklion) Prefecture
          • Heraklion (Iraklion)
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
        • Lasithi Prefecture
          • Sitía
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
        • Rethymnon Prefecture
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
    • Peloponnese (Peloponnisos) Department
      • Argolís (Argolida) Prefecture
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
      • Lakonia (Laconia) Prefecture
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 487-507.
    Hungary
     
    • Győr-Moson-Sopron Co.
      • Soproni Mts.
        • Sopron-Brennbergbánya
    		Mineral species of Hungary, 2005
        • Sopron
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec., 1993
    Szakáll-Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Italy
     
    • Aosta Valley
      • Nus
        • Saint-Barthélemy
    		• Barresi, A.A., Kolitsch, U., Ciriotti, M.E., Ambrino, P., Bracco, R., Bonacina, E. (2005): La miniera di manganese di Varenche (Aosta, Italia nord-occidentale): ardennite, arseniopleite, manganberzeliite, pirofanite, sarkinite, thortveitite, nuovo As-Sc-analogo della metavariscite e altre specie. Micro (località), 2/2005, 81-122.
      • Saint-Marcel
    		Scaini G.,Mariani P.-I minerali d'Italia-Rizzoli Editore (1978)
    • Liguria
      • Savona Province
        • Sassello
    		Antofilli, Borgo, Palenzona, 1985. I nostri minerali. Geologia e mineralogia in Liguria. Edizioni Melita, La Spezia.
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Chiusella Valley
            • Traversella
    		Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo, (10), 1-54.
        • Sesia-Lanzo zone
          • Lanzo Valley
            • Lanzo Massif
              • Balangero - Corio area
                • Malone Valley
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
    Eur. J. Mineral (1989): 1: 89-104.
            • Rocca Canavese
              • Orco Valley
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
              • Soana valley
    		Eur. J. Mineral (1989): 1: 89-104.
    Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 89-104.
    • Tuscany
      • Grosseto Province
    		No reference listed
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Stazzema
    		D’Achiardi A., 1872/73. Mineralogia della Toscana. Ed. A. Forni.
    Jamaica
     
    • Saint Thomas Parish
      • Union Hill
    		Geol. Soc. of America Bulletin, V 97, N 1, pp. 48-60, 1986.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kanto Region
        • Ibaraki Prefecture
          • Hitachi city
    		Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
    Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) THE WAKABAYASHI MINERAL COLLECTION Bulletin No. 7 The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
      • Tohoku Region
        • Iwate Prefecture
          • Sumita-cho
    		Matsubara, S. (2003) Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15)
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Kökshetaü Oblysy (Kokshatau [Kokchetav] Oblast')
      • Kokchetav Massif
    		Doklady Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1977, 237, pp. 202-205.
    Morocco
     
    • Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer Region
      • Khémisset Province
        • Oulmès
    		D. Blamart et al. , Eur. Journ. Mineral. , 1992, 4, pp. 355-368.
    New Zealand
     
    • South Island
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
      • Grey Valley
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
        • Collingwood
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Komi Republic
        • Grubependity lake
    		P.M. Kartashov data
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
          • Keivy Mountains
    		P.M. kartashov data
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
        • Sirk (Szirk)
    		Grecula,P. et al., 1995: Ložiska nerastných surovín Slovenského rudohoria. Zväz.1, Bratislava, 834 s
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Jasov
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
      • Slovenský kras Mts
    		C. Lemanski, Jr. (re-entry of lost Mindat data).
    South Africa
     
    • Free State Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Western Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Adra
    		B. Goffé et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 335-348.
      • Córdoba
        • Sierra Morena
          • Sierra Albarrana
            • El Cabril
    		Maria del Mar Abad-Ortega and Fernando Nieto, Eur. Journ. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 363-367.
      • Granada
        • Salobreña
          • Otivar
    		J.M. Azanon and B. Goffé, Eur. J. Mineral., 1997, 9, pp. 1035-1051.
          • Trevenque
    		Eur. J. Mineral. , 1989, 1, pp. 139-142..
    B. Goffé et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 335-348.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalarna
      • Falun
    		No reference listed
    • Skåne
      • Bromölla
        • Näsum
    		Kjell Gatedal
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
      • Munkfors
        • Ransäter
    		No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Lindesberg
      • Skinnskatteberg
        • Riddarhyttan
    		No reference listed
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Zermatt - Saas Fee area
        • Matter Valley
    		Am Min 88:5-6 pp 789-805
    Turkey
     
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Eskisehir Province
    		AmMin 87:405-416 (2002)
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Chambers Co.
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
      • Cleburne Co.
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    • Arizona
      • Maricopa Co.
        • Phoenix
          • Phoenix Mts
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 380; Thorpe, D.G. & D.M. Burt (1980), A unique chloritoid-staurolite schist from near Squaw Peak, AZ, AZ Geol. Soc. Digest: 12: 193-200.
    • Colorado
      • Custer Co.
        • Sangre de Cristo
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Idaho
      • Lemhi Co.
        • Blackbird District
    		R&M 70:4 pp 242-263
    • Massachusetts
    		www.earth.ox.ac.uk/~nickg/geol/abstract.html.
        • Hinsdale
    		"Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Plante, A.R., Valley Geology Press, 1992
      • Essex Co.
    		Gleba, 1978. Massachusetts Mineral & Fossil Localities
      • Hampden Co.
        • Blandford
    		"Western Massachusetts Mineral Localities" by Plante, A.R., Valley Geology Press, 1992
        • Chester
    		Min Rec (1978) 9:235-242
    Alan R. Plante, Personal field notes, 1984
    Min Rec (1978) 9:235-242
    Min Rec (1978) 9:235-242
    Alan R. Plante, Personal field and lab notes, 1984-1987
    Alan R. Plante, Personal field and lab notes, 1985-1987
    Alan R. Plante, Personal field and lab notes, 1982-1985
      • Hampshire Co.
        • Plainfield
    		No reference listed
    • Michigan
      • Baraga Co.
        • Imperial Heights
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-glm-rcim-geology-Minerals_Found_In_Michigan.Pdf.
        • Marquette iron range
          • Champion
    		Rocks & Min.:58:111 & 61:328.
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
          • Humboldt Township
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
          • Michigamme
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    Dana 6: 1086.
          • Republic
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Sand Springs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Sussex Co.
        • Franklin Mining District
          • Franklin
    		Nikischer, T.: The Picking Table:36(2):11 (1995); Dunn(1995):Pt3:363.
    • New Mexico
      • Taos Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    The Harding Mine Taos County New Mexico. Mineralogical Record: 8(2): 115-126.
      • Torrance Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. Ed., 1996
    • New York
      • Dutchess Co.
    		NY State Museum spec. no. 18079
    • North Carolina
      • Alamance Co.
        • Snow Camp
    		E-An Zen,Jan-Feb,1961,The American Mineralogist,Vol.46,Mineralogy and Petrology of the System AI2O3-SiO2-H2O in some Pyrophyllite Deposits of North Carolina
    www.mcrocks.com
      • Chatham Co.
    		Dana 6:1075.
        • Snow Camp
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis Ransom-1974
        • Marble
    		Wilson,W.F and McKenzie, B.J.,1978, Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina,Information Circular 24
      • Mecklenburg Co.
    		Daniel J.Milton,The American Mineralogist,Vol.71,pg 891-894,1986,Chloritoid-Sillimanite assembage from North Carolina
      • Montgomery Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Moore Co.
        • Glendon District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Person Co.
        • Hagers Mountain
    		E-An Zen,Jan-Feb,1961,The American Mineralogist,Vol 46,Mineralogy and Petrology of the System AI2O3-SiO2-H2O in some Pyrophyllite Deposits of North Carolina
      • Randolph Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Staley
    		Rocks & Min.: 23:800-801.
      • Swain Co.
    		Mineralogical Record March - April 2000
    • Rhode Island
      • Kent Co.
        • West Warwick
          • Natick
    		Miller. C. E. (1971) Rhode Island Minerals and Their Locations, University of Rhode Island, Kingston; [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
    • South Carolina
      • Edgefield Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • York Co.
        • Kings Mountain District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
      • Pennington Co.
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Vermont
    		Rocks & Min. vol. 71 (1996)
    Rocks & Min. vol. 71, (1996)
    Rocks & Min. vol. 71, (1996)
      • Windsor Co.
        • Plymouth
    		Grant, 1968. Mineral Collecting in Vermont
    • Virginia
      • Bedford Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Buckingham Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Campbell Co.
        • Alta Vista
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Louisa Co.
        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
          • Mineral
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Mecklenburg Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Patrick Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
        • Stewart
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Skagit Co.
        • Marblemount
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.72
    • Wisconsin
    R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
      • Florence Co.
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
      • Marinette Co.
      • Oneida Co.
    		R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin Mineral Locality Index
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