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Chloritoid

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About ChloritoidHide

Formula:
(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2
Colour:
Dark green to green-gray or nearly black
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
3.4 - 3.8
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Originally name chlorispath, it was renamed in 1835 by August Breithaupt to chloritoid. The name is for the visual similarity to chlorite-group minerals.
Carboirite-Chloritoid Series. The Fe2+ analogue of ottrélite and magnesiochloritoid.

Monoclinic and triclinic polytypes are known.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1017
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1017:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
3d1a6354-7387-4ec0-a4a2-10c45a6e6d9a

IMA Classification of ChloritoidHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2
First published:
1832

Classification of ChloritoidHide

9.AF.85

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
52.3.3.1

52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
16.19.6

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
19 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Mg

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
CldIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
CldKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
CldSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
CldWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
CldThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of ChloritoidHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of ChloritoidHide

Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark green to green-gray or nearly black
Streak:
White, grayish, or very slightly greenish
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001} perfect, {110} good.
Parting:
On {010}
Density:
3.4 - 3.8 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.56 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ChloritoidHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.713 - 1.730 nβ = 1.719 - 1.734 nγ = 1.723 - 1.740
2V:
Measured: 36° to 89°, Calculated: 78° to 80°
Birefringence:
0.01, may be anomalous blue
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = olive-green to yellow; Y = grayish blue to blue; Z = colorless to pale greenish yellow.
Orientation:
X or Y = b (monoclinic)
Z^c = 2-30 deg, Y ~= b (triclinic)

Chemistry of ChloritoidHide

Mindat Formula:
(Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2

Crystallography of ChloritoidHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.50 Å, b = 5.50 Å, c = 18.22 Å
β = 101.9°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.727 : 1 : 3.313
Unit Cell V:
931.54 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Thin to thick foliated plates or prisms, or as massive aggregates. Seldom as pseudohexagonal tabular crystals.

Also triclinic.
Twinning:
Twin axes [100], [110], and [130] observed.
Common on {001}, polysynthetic.
Comment:
For monoclinic polytype (space group C2/c). Triclinic polytype (C-1) has a = 9.46(1), b = 5.50(1), c = 9.15(1) A, α = 97.05(2), β = 101.56(2), γ = 90.10(2)°.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000786ChloritoidHanscom R (1980) The structure of triclinic chloritoid and chloritoid polymorphism American Mineralogist 65 534-53919800293
0006828ChloritoidKoch-Muller M, Abs-Wurmbach I, Langer K, Shaw C, Wirth R, Gottschalk M (2000) Synthetic and natural Fe-Mg chloritoid: structural, spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies European Journal of Mineralogy 12 293-31420000293
0006829ChloritoidKoch-Muller M, Abs-Wurmbach I, Langer K, Shaw C, Wirth R, Gottschalk M (2000) Synthetic and natural Fe-Mg chloritoid: structural, spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies European Journal of Mineralogy 12 293-31420000293
0008491ChloritoidKoch-Muller M, Kahlenberg V, Schmidt C, Wirth R (2000) Location of OH groups and oxidation processes in triclinic chloritoid Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 703-71220000293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.46 Å(100)
2.964 Å(18)
2.459 Å(6)
2.356 Å(7)
2.306 Å(14)
1.574 Å(11)
1.482 Å(6)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of ChloritoidHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Greenish-black crystals similar in appearance to chlorite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Fiedler, K.G. (1832) Lagerstätten des diaspor, chloritspath, pyrophyllit und monazit, aufgefund in Ural. Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 25: 322-333.

Synonyms of ChloritoidHide

Other Language Names for ChloritoidHide

Varieties of ChloritoidHide

MasoniteAn impure chloritoid.

Originally described from Prospect Hill, Natick, West Warwick, Kent Co., Rhode Island, USA.

Relationship of Chloritoid to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
CarboiriteFeAl2(GeO4)O(OH)2Tric. 1
MagnesiochloritoidMgAl2(SiO4)O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Ottrélite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2Mon.
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
23 photos of Chloritoid associated with MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
22 photos of Chloritoid associated with StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
12 photos of Chloritoid associated with MagnetiteFe2+Fe3+2O4
10 photos of Chloritoid associated with QuartzSiO2
6 photos of Chloritoid associated with Yttrocrasite-(Y)(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6
6 photos of Chloritoid associated with PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
4 photos of Chloritoid associated with DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
3 photos of Chloritoid associated with Chlorite Group
2 photos of Chloritoid associated with Piemontite(CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
2 photos of Chloritoid associated with HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.AF.ChegemiteCa7(SiO4)3(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.BarwooditeMn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.Jingwenite-(Y)YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2Mon. 2/m
9.AF.05SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.05XenoliteAl10Si8O31
9.AF.10AndalusiteAl2(SiO4)OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
9.AF.10KanonaiteMn3+Al(SiO4)OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
9.AF.15KyaniteAl2(SiO4)OTric. 1 : P1
9.AF.20MulliteAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-xOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam
9.AF.20KrieseliteAl2(GeO4)F2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.AF.23BoromulliteAl9BSi2O19Orth. mm2 : Cmc21
9.AF.25YoderiteMg(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)2O(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.AF.30MagnesiostauroliteMg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AF.30StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AF.30ZincostauroliteZn2Al9Si4O23(OH)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AF.35TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.40NorbergiteMg3(SiO4)F2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.45AlleghanyiteMn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.45ChondroditeMg5(SiO4)2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.45ReinhardbraunsiteCa5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.45KumtyubeiteCa5(SiO4)2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.45HydroxylchondroditeMg5(SiO4)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.50HumiteMg7(SiO4)3F2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.AF.50Manganhumite(Mn2+,Mg)7(SiO4)3(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.50Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite)Ca7(SiO4)4F2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.50FluorchegemiteCa7(SiO4)3F2 Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.50Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite)Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2Orth.
9.AF.55ClinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.55SonoliteMn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.55HydroxylclinohumiteMg9(SiO4)4(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.60LeucophoeniciteMn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AF.65RibbeiteMn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.AF.70JerrygibbsiteMn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
9.AF.75FranciscaniteMn2+6(V5+,◻)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.75ÖrebroiteMn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.75WeliniteMn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.75ScorticoiteMn6(Sb,◻)Σ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3Trig. 3 : P3
9.AF.80EllenbergeriteMg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10Hex. 6 : P63
9.AF.85MagnesiochloritoidMgAl2(SiO4)O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.AF.85Ottrélite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2Mon.
9.AF.90PoldervaartiteCaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.AF.90OlmiiteCaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.AF.95Pilawite-(Y)Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Chloritoid in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Internet Links for ChloritoidHide

References for ChloritoidHide

Reference List:

Localities for ChloritoidHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan
 
RRUFF Sample ID: R060292
    • Dara-e-Pech District
Herb Obodda
Antarctica
 
Argentina
 
Hugo A. Peña (1970)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Birch BH Book
King (n.d.)
Teale et al. (2006)
Slack et al. (1993)
  • South Australia
    • Olary Province
      • Mt Victor Plumbago Station
Waterhouse (1971)
Sorrell (n.d.)
  • Tasmania
    • Central Coast municipality
Bottrill & Baker
  • Western Australia
    • Derby-West Kimberley Shire
      • Buccaneer Archipelago
Simpson (1948)
    • Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire
Baensch (2000)
      • Kalgoorlie-Boulder
        • Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948)
Gustafson (1946)
    • Laverton Shire
      • Mount Weld Station
Mueller et al. (2008)
    • Leonora Shire
      • Bronzewing Goldfield (Mount McClure)
Neil Phillips et al. (1998)
      • Ten Mile Outcamp
Hallberg et al. (1985)
    • Mount Magnet Shire
      • Mount Magnet
        • Boogardie Goldfield
Simpson (1948)
    • Murchison Shire
      • Nookawarra Station
Cavosie et al. (2004)
    • Yalgoo Shire
Frater (1983)
Sharpe (1996)
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Hüttenberg
        • Hüttenberger Erzberg
          • Knappenberg
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
      • Mölbling
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Puttner
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Heiligenblut am Großglockner
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Peter Bachmann collection (U. Kolitsch SXRD-analysis)
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
      • Reißeck
        • Penk
          • Teuchlbach valley
Walter et al. (2001)
      • Rennweg am Katschberg
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
        • Pölla valley
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
    • Villach-Land District
      • Feld am See
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
  • Lower Austria
    • Neunkirchen District
      • Wartmannstetten
        • Hafning
Elmer (2020)
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Bruck an der Großglocknerstraße
Strasser (1989)
      • Fusch an der Grossglocknerstrasse
        • Fuscherkarkopf
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
      • Niedernsill
Meixner (1973)
      • Rauris
Strasser (1989)
  • Styria
    • Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
      • Krieglach
F. Bernhard et al.: Mitt. Österr. Min. Ges. 142:246-248 (1998)
    • Graz-Umgebung District
      • Sankt Radegund bei Graz
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
    • Graz
      • Mariatrost
Flügel (1960)
    • Leoben District
      • Leoben
Färber (n.d.)
      • Sankt Stefan ob Leoben
        • Kaisersberg
Raith et al. (2000) +1 other reference
    • Murau District
      • Oberwölz
Postl (1984) +1 other reference
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
      • Stoumont
    • Luxembourg
      • Bastogne
        • Mardasson
A. Darimont et al.
      • Florenville
Beugnies (1976) +1 other reference
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
        • Moircy
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
de Koninck (1883) +2 other references
        • Bihain
Hanson (1985) +1 other reference
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2002)
Michot (1955) +2 other references
Blondieau (2005)
Brazil
 
  • Goiás
    • Crixás gold field
      • Crixás
Jost et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Burundi
 
  • Ruyigi Province
The Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA) +1 other reference
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Lillooet Mining Division
JR Montgomery collection
    • Osoyoos Mining Division
      • Osoyoos
Peatfield (n.d.)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Newfoundland
SABINA (1976)
  • Northwest Territories
    • Mackenzie Mountains
      • Tungsten
Groat et al. (2003)
  • Nova Scotia
    • Hants Co.
Haysom +1 other reference
    • Yarmouth Co.
Sabina (1964)
  • Ontario
    • Cochrane District
      • Timmins
Gustafson (1946)
    • Greater Sudbury
      • Drury Township
Ann P.Sabina 1991
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Burchell Lake Area
G.P. Beakhouse et al. (1996)
    • Timiskaming District
      • McGarry Township
Kishida et al. (1987)
  • Québec
    • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
      • Abitibi RCM
        • Preissac
Sabina (2003)
      • Rouyn-Noranda TE
Sabina (2003)
    • Centre-du-Québec
Sinkankas coll. label
    • Chaudière-Appalaches
      • Les Appalaches RCM
Harvard Museum of Natural History
        • Saint-Pierre-de-Broughton (West Broughton)
Horváth Collection XRD & EDS
Sabina (1992)
    • Nord-du-Québec
      • Baie-James
Kirkland Lake - Rouyn-Noranda - Val d'Or +1 other reference
McMillan (1973) +1 other reference
Allard +2 other references
      • Opemisca deposits
Vollo (1959)
China
 
  • Beijing
    • Mentougou District
      • Tanzhesi
Dubin Huang and Xinbang Guan (2012)
  • Henan
    • Luoyang
      • Xin'an County
        • Xin'an bauxite field
Zhongming Li et al. (2012)
  • Hunan
    • Huaihua
      • Tongdao Co.
Chen et al. (2022)
  • Jiangsu
    • Suqian
      • Shuyang Co.
Jinhai Yu et al. (2001)
  • Jilin
    • Yanbian Chaoxianzu
      • Yanji City
Wu Hanquan et al. (2003)
  • Qinghai
    • Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Da Qaidam (Dachaidan Co.)
Zhang Dequan et al. (2009)
  • Shaanxi
    • Hanzhong
      • Lüeyang County
        • Tongchang ore field
Guoxing Wu (1990) +1 other reference
  • Shandong
    • Rizhao
      • Lanshan District
Jinhai Yu et al. (2001)
  • Shanxi
    • Xinzhou
      • Wutai Co.
Peipei Dong et al. (2011)
  • Tibet
    • Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
      • Lhozhag Co. (Luozha Co.)
Fu et al. (2023)
      • Lhünzê Co. (Longzi Co.)
        • Cuonadong dome
He et al. (2022)
Cuba
 
  • Villa Clara Province
Stanek et al. (2006)
Czech Republic
 
  • Hradec Králové Region
    • Trutnov District
      • Malá Úpa
Škoda R.
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Cheb District
      • Luby
        • Horní Luby
Dalibor Velebil (2013)
Ondruš et al. (2003)
    • Sokolov District
      • Kraslice
Beran (Ag, Au, Co) +2 other references
  • Olomouc Region
    • Šumperk District
      • Petrov nad Desnou (Petersdorf an der Tess)
Zimák
  • Pardubice Region
    • Chrudim District
      • Třemošnice
Jirásek J et al. (2020)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Bory
Schreyer et al. (ferrocordierite)
Staněk
Ecuador
 
  • El Oro Province
Eur. Journ. Mineral.
    • Santa Rosa Canton
      • La Chilca
Aspden et al. (1995)
  • Loja Province
Manrique et al. (2018)
Europe
 
  • Rhenish Massif
Fransolet et al. (1997) +1 other reference
Finland
 
  • North Karelia
    • Joensuu
Aurola
  • North Ostrobothnia
    • Kuusamo
Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...
Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...
Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...
Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...
Geological Survey of Finland 2008. ...
  • Satakunta
    • Siikainen
Sandström (2012)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Isère
      • Grenoble
        • Huez
          • L'Alpe d'Huez
Alpe d'Huez sector +1 other reference
    • Savoie
      • Albertville
        • Bourg-Saint-Maurice
le Cahier des Micromonteurs 4-2021
  • Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
    • Doubs
      • Besançon
        • Ornans
G. Kurat et al. (1981)
  • Brittany
    • Finistère
      • Morlaix
        • Plourin-lès-Morlaix
R.PIERROT et al. (1973)
    • Morbihan
      • Lorient
Lukas (1978)
          • Pivisy
Audren et al. (1993)
Audren et al. (1993)
Chauris (2014)
          • Primiture
Chauris (2014)
Chauris (2014)
            • Les Grands Sables
Chauris L. (1982)
Chauris (2014)
Inventaire Minéralogique de la France numero 9 Morbihan ( éditions BRGM )
Inventaire Minéralogique de la France numero 9 Morbihan ( éditions BRGM )
Audren et al. (1993)
            • Stang Nu creek
Chauris L. (1982)
Audren et al. (1993)
        • Guidel
          • Guidel-Plages
Chauris L. (1988)
Chauris L. (1988)
Chauris (2014)
          • Samzun
Chauris L. (1987)
        • Ploemeur
          • Le Fort-Bloqué
Chauris L. (1988)
        • Port-Louis
Chauris L. (1982)
      • Vannes
        • Sarzeau
R. Pierrot
R. Pierrot
R. Pierrot
  • New Caledonia
    • Northern Province
Briggs (1975)
Briggs (1978)
      • Ouégoa
Briggs (1975) +2 other references
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
      • Saint-Girons
        • Seix
          • Salau
C. Derré
    • Aveyron
      • Pays d'Olt
D. Poulain and J. Kornprobst
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Camélas
Guitard (2010)
        • Reynès
Berbain et al. (2005)
  • Pays de la Loire
    • Loire-Atlantique
      • Saint-Nazaire
        • Saint-Gildas-des-Bois
Baret (1905)
        • Saint-Viaud
Baret (1905)
    • Maine-et-Loire
      • Cholet
Le Règne Minéral
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Bouches-du-Rhône
      • Aix-en-Provence
        • Peyrolles-en-Provence
Périnet F. (2018)
Germany
 
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Ahrweiler
      • Brohltal
        • Glees
Kratzsch et al. (2006)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
Theye et al. (1993)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Schwarzenberg
        • Ochsenkopf
Ghana
 
  • Ashanti gold belt
    • Tarkwa
The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 35 (1997)
Greece
 
Theye et al. (1992)
    • Chania
      • Kissamos
Theye et al. (1992)
      • Platanias
Theye et al. (1992)
Theye et al. (1992)
    • Heraklion
      • Viannos
Theye et al. (1992)
    • Lasithi
      • Sitia
Theye et al. (1992)
    • Rethymno
      • Agios Vasileios
Theye et al. (1992)
  • North Aegean
Iliopoulos et al. (2004) +1 other reference
    • Samos
      • Eastern Samos
www.gfz-potsdam.de (2004)
Theye +4 other references
      • Western Samos
        • Kerkis mountain
Ockenga et al. (1998) +1 other reference
  • Peloponnese
    • Arcadia
      • North Kynouria
Theye et al. (1992)
    • Laconia
      • Monemvasia
Theye et al. (1992)
      • Sparta
Theye et al. (1992)
Theye et al. (1992)
  • South Aegean
    • Naxos
33-35 +2 other references
    • Syros
Breecker (2001)
    • Tinos
Christopher O'Neill
Greenland
 
  • Avannaata
Stendal et al. (1999)
  • Sermersooq
    • Sermiligaarsuk Fjord
Katerinopoulou et al. (2012)
Hungary
 
  • Győr-Moson-Sopron County
    • Sopron
Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec.
Mineral Species of Hungary
Szakáll-Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary
Indonesia
 
  • West Nusa Tenggara Province
    • Sumbawa Island
      • Bima Regency
Verdiansyah et al. (2022)
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
Novo M. et al. (1989)
Novo M. et al. (1989)
    • Fénis
      • Clavalité Valley
Dal Piaz et al. (2008) +1 other reference
    • La Thuile
Goffé et al. (1997)
Valente et al. (2000)
    • Nus
      • Saint-Barthélemy
• Barresi et al. (2005)
    • Saint-Marcel
Scaini G. (1978)
Martin et al. (1989)
  • Calabria
    • Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
      • Platì
Bonardi et al. (1984)
Bonardi et al. (1984)
      • San Luca
Pezzino et al. (1980) +2 other references
  • Liguria
    • Savona Province
      • Sassello
Antofilli
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Demonte
        • Arma Valley
Goffé (2002)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Marmora
Goffé (2002)
      • Priola
        • Casario
Rossetti P. (2008)
      • Robilante
Goffé (2002)
Goffé (2002)
      • Sampeyre
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Ala di Stura
Leardi et al. (1985)
      • Angrogna
Sandrone et al. (1988)
      • Bobbio Pellice
Ghignone et al. (2023)
      • Exilles
        • Vallone Galambra
Ravagnani (1974)
      • Giaglione
Polino et al. (2002)
      • Lanzo Valleys
Eur. J. Mineral.
      • Malone Valley
Eur. J. Mineral (1989)
Monte Soglio-Rocca Canavese +3 other references
      • Prali
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Rocca Canavese
Eur. J. Mineral.
Eur. J. Mineral (1989)
      • Roure
Manzotti et al. (2022)
      • Salbertrand
Polino et al. (2002)
      • Traversella
Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo (10)
      • Traves
        • Rozello
          • Mt. Bastia
mineralipiemonte.it
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Trasquera
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Piccoli et al. (2007)
  • Tuscany
Rettighieri et al. (1983) +1 other reference
    • Grosseto Province
Costantini A. et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Franceschelli M. et al. (1986) +1 other reference
    • Lucca Province
      • Stazzema
D’Achiardi A.
    • Massa-Carrara Province
      • Carrara
Di Giovanni (1981)
      • Massa
        • Madielle quarrying basin
Orlandi et al. (2002) +2 other references
Jamaica
 
  • Portland Parish
Draper (1986)
Japan
 
  • Ehime Prefecture
    • Shikokuchuo City
      • Doi
Aiba (1982)
  • Ibaraki Prefecture
    • Hitachi City
      • Daiyuin
Kato (2012)
Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974)
      • Suwa
Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974)
    • Taga District
      • Hitachi-machi
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Sumita-cho
Matsubara (2003)
    • Tono City
      • Miyamori
Seki et al. (1957)
Morocco
 
  • Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Region
    • Khémisset Province
      • Oulmès Cercle
D. Blamart et al.
New Zealand
 
Railton et al. (1990)
  • Tasman Region
    • Aorere Goldfield
Railton et al. (1990)
Railton et al. (1990)
    • Takaka
Railton et al. (1990)
  • West Coast Region
    • Buller District
      • Reefton
Railton et al. (1990)
Norway
 
  • Nordland
    • Bindal
Gustavson (1976)
  • Rogaland
    • Rennesøy
      • Bru
Bergen Museum +1 other reference
  • Svalbard
    • Prins Karls Forland
Kośmińska et al. (2015)
      • Selvågen
Manby (1983)
    • Spitsbergen
      • Oscar II Land
Agard et al. (2005)
  • Trøndelag
    • Leka
Gustavson (1976)
Pacific Ocean
 
  • Mariana forearc
Wheat et al. (2008)
Pakistan
 
  • Gilgit-Baltistan
    • Roundu District
      • Haramosh Mts.
Rolfo et al. (1997)
imported from Rondu District +1 other reference
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Błocisz et al. (2015)
    • Jelenia Góra
      • Goduszyn
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Karkonosze County
      • Szklarska Poręba
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Kłodzko County
      • Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation)
    • Lwówek Śląski County
      • Gmina Mirsk
Lis et al. (1986)
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Wrocław County
      • Gmina Kobierzyce
        • Owsianka
Dera et al. (2023)
    • Ząbkowice Śląskie County
Ilnicki et al. (2019)
Portugal
 
  • Viseu
    • São Pedro do Sul
      • Manhouce
Pedro Alves collection and/or ...
Pedro Alves collection. Characterized ...
Romania
 
  • Harghita County
    • Ditrău Complex
      • Jolotca (Orotva)
Hirtopanu et al. (2000)
Russia
 
  • Bashkortostan
    • Beloretsk district
Kovalev et al. (2006)
  • Komi Republic
    • Kozhim River Basin
      • Maldynyrd range (Maldy-nyrd range)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
        • Grubependity Lake
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge)
Silyanov et al. (2021)
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Lovozersky District
      • Keivy Mountains
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Polevskoy
      • Kosoi Brod Village
Pekov (1998)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Revúca District
Koděra (1986)
      • Sirk
Grecula
  • Košice Region
    • Košice-okolie District
      • Jasov
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data)
Koděra (1986)
C. Lemanski (re-entry of lost Mindat data)
    • Rožňava District
Koděra (1986)
South Africa
 
  • Gauteng
    • City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality
      • Boksburg
Jeffery (2015)
  • Mpumalanga
    • Ehlanzeni District Municipality
      • Mbombela Local Municipality
        • Barberton
Montinaro et al. (2015)
  • Northern Cape
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
Harawa (2016)
  • Western Cape
    • Garden Route District Municipality
      • George Local Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Adra
B. Goffé et al.
    • Córdoba
      • Hornachuelos
        • Sierra Albarrana
Maria del Mar Abad-Ortega and Fernando ...
    • Granada
      • Baza
M. Ruiz Montes +1 other reference
      • Monachil
        • Trevenque
Eur. J. Mineral.
      • Otívar
J.M. Azanon and B. Goffé
      • Salobreña occurrence
Goffé +3 other references
  • Community of Madrid
    • Cervera de Buitrago
      • El Atazar reservoir
Jiménez Martínez et al. (I)
    • La Hiruela
Calvo (2018)
Angel Ortiz Maellas specimen.
J. López Ruiz et al. (1980)
  • La Rioja
    • Muro de Aguas
García (2003)
    • Navajún
Lodders et al. (1998)
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Falun
  • Örebro County
    • Lindesberg
      • Stråssa
  • Östergötland County
    • Valdemarsvik
Sandström (2007)
  • Skåne County
    • Bromölla
      • Näsum
Kjell Gatedal collection and ...
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
      • Gåsborn
    • Munkfors
      • Ransäter
  • Västerbotten County
    • Skellefteå
      • Skellefte mining district
        • Boliden
Denis Martin Schlatter (2007)
    • Storuman
Murris
  • Västmanland County
    • Skinnskatteberg
      • Riddarhyttan
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Imboden Region
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Surselva Region
      • Ilanz/Glion
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Medel (Lucmagn)
        • Val Medel
          • Curaglia
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Vals
        • Vals Valley
          • Guraletschhorn
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Ticino
    • Blenio
      • Blenio Valley
        • Santa Maria Valley
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Leventina
      • Faido
        • Chironico Valley
Erik Vercammen collection
  • Valais
    • Goms
      • Ernen
Stalder et al. (1998)
        • Steinhaus
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Goms
        • Niederwald
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Leuk
      • Turtmann-Unterems
        • Turtmann Valley
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Visp
      • Saas-Almagell
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Täsch
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Zermatt
Am Min 88:5-6 pp 789-805
Tanzania
 
  • Tabora Region
    • Lake Victoria Goldfield
      • Nzega District
Lawley et al. (2014)
Turkey
 
Celebi et al. (2010)
  • Bursa Province
Okay (2002)
  • Denizli Province
    • Serinhisar
      • Yatağan
e-collection.library.ethz.ch (n.d.)
  • Eskişehir Province
Çetinkaplan et al. (2007)
  • Izmir Province
    • Selçuk District
      • Efes
Smith J L (1851)
  • Kütahya Province
    • Tavşanlı District
Arik (2012)
Hatipoglu et al. (2009)
    • Milâs District
Hikmet Kinaci et al. (2023)
    • Yatağan District
Erik Vercammen collection
Schuiling (1962)
Uganda
 
  • Western Region
    • Ntungamo
      • Ankole pegmatite field
Oleg von Knorring (1979)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cumbria
Eastwood et al. (1968) +1 other reference
  • Scotland
    • Aberdeenshire
      • Rhynie
Parnell et al. (2023)
    • Shetland Islands
      • Mainland
        • Ness of Hillswick
Dr Stephen Moreton collection.
Heddle (1879)
USA
 
  • Alabama
    • Chambers County
Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    • Cleburne County
Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
  • Alaska
    • Nome Census Area
      • Nome Mining District
Slack et al. (2014)
Econ Geol (1986)
Slack et al. (2014)
Slack et al. (2014)
Slack et al. (2014)
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • California Mining District (Chiricahua Mining District)
Erik Vercammen collection
    • Maricopa County
      • Phoenix
        • Phoenix Mountains
Thorpe (1980) +1 other reference
    • Yavapai County
      • White Picacho Mining District
King (n.d.)
  • California
    • Inyo County
      • Amargosa Range
        • Black Mountains
Whitney et al. (1993)
    • Kern County
      • El Paso Mountains
        • El Paso Mountains District
          • Garlock
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 436. +2 other references
    • San Bernardino County
      • Lava Bed Mountains
        • Lava Beds District (Newberry District)
          • Iron Ridge
            • Bessemer Mines
PC from Robert Housley: Identification ...
  • Colorado
    • Custer County
      • Sangre de Cristo
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Idaho
    • Lemhi County
      • Blackbird Mining District
        • Blackbird mine complex
USGS OFR 87-410
Ream (1995)
  • Massachusetts
...
      • Adams
www.unh.edu (n.d.)
      • Hinsdale
"Western Massachusetts Mineral ...
      • Windsor
Cheney et al. ()
Cheney et al. () +1 other reference
    • Essex County
Gleba
    • Franklin County
      • Charlemont
Flint (1908)
    • Hampden County
      • Blandford
"Western Massachusetts Mineral ...
      • Chester
Min Rec (1978)
Alan R. Plante
Min Rec (1978)
Min Rec (1978)
Alan R. Plante
Alan R. Plante
Alan R. Plante
    • Hampshire County
      • Plainfield
Quinn (1945) +1 other reference
  • Michigan
    • Baraga County
      • Imperial Heights
Heinrich et al. (2004)
...
...
Heinrich et al. (2004)
...
      • Champion
Morris Jr. (1983)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Humboldt Township
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Michigamme
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Dana 6: 1086.
      • Republic
Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Missouri
    • Jasper County
      • Oronogo Field
- (2005)
    • Lawrence County
- (2005)
  • Montana
    • Madison County
Chris Tucker and John Betts specimens. +1 other reference
  • Nevada
    • Churchill County
      • Dixie Valley Mining District
- (2005)
      • Sand Springs Range
        • Sand Springs Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Hampshire
    • Grafton County
Kohn et al. (1993)
      • Orford
Orange (1985)
Orange
Orange (1985)
Orange (1985)
      • Wentworth
Orange (1985)
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
        • Franklin Mine
Steve Kuitems
Nikischer (1995) +1 other reference
  • New Mexico
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Rio Arriba County
      • Petaca Mining District
        • Las Tablas
          • Mesa de la Jarita
Schreyer et al. (1966)
    • Taos County
Northrop et al. (1996)
Econ Geol. (1995)
Jahns et al. (1977)
  • New York
    • Dutchess County
NY State Museum spec. no. 18079
  • North Carolina
    • Alamance County
      • Snow Camp
E-An Zen
www.mcrocks.com
    • Chatham County
Dana 6:1075.
      • Snow Camp
- (2005)
      • Marble
Wilson et al. (1978)
    • Mecklenburg County
Daniel J.Milton
    • Montgomery County
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
    • Moore County
      • Glendon Mining District
Stuckey et al. (1967)
Stuckey
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • Robbins Mining District
        • Cabin Creek
NCGS Bulletion No. 80 +1 other reference
    • Orange County
Syker et al. (1978)
Stuckey et al. (1967)
    • Person County
      • Hagers Mountain
E-An Zen
    • Randolph County
Schmidt et al. (1985)
- (2005)
      • Staley
Rocks & Min.: 23:800-801.
North Carolina State Geological Map 1985 ( Zone CZq)
    • Swain County
Mineralogical Record March - April 2000
  • Pennsylvania
    • Adams County
      • Huntington Township
King (n.d.)
        • Idaville
Oregonstate.edu
    • Lancaster County
      • Fulton Township
R. T. Faill and R. C. Smith II
      • Martic Township
Hietanen (1941)
USGS National Geochemical Database +1 other reference
  • Rhode Island
    • Kent County
      • West Warwick
        • Natick
Miller. C. E. (1971) +1 other reference
  • South Carolina
    • Cherokee County
      • Kings Creek Mining District
Horton et al. (1981)
Hietanen (1941)
    • Edgefield County
- (2005)
    • York County
- (2005)
  • South Dakota
    • Custer County
Roberts et al. (1965)
    • Pennington County
Roberts et al. (1965)
  • Tennessee
Kish et al. (1974)
      • Great Smoky Mountains
Travis A. Paris (2011)
  • Vermont
Rocks & Min. vol. 71 (1996)
Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)
Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)
    • Windsor County
      • Plymouth
Grant
        • Tyson
Harvard Mineralogical Museum
  • Virginia
    • Bedford County
Dietrich (1990)
Owens et al. (2013)
    • Buckingham County
Dietrich (1990)
    • Campbell County
      • Alta Vista
Dietrich (1990)
Dietrich (1990)
    • Louisa County
      • Gold-Pyrite Belt
        • Mineral
- (2005)
    • Mecklenburg County
Dietrich (1990)
    • Patrick County
Dietrich (1990)
      • Stuart
Dietrich (1990)
  • Washington
    • Skagit County
      • Cascade Mining District
Cannon (1975)
  • Wisconsin
    • Dodge County
Cordua
    • Florence County
Cordua
    • Marinette County
Olson
    • Oneida County
      • Ladysmith-Rhinelander Metavolcanic Complex
R&M 73:11-12 pp 378-399 Wisconsin ...
 
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