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Chrysoberyl

Big Photo

Espírito Santo, Southeast Region, Brazil
© 2002 John H. Betts

Show Chrysoberyl Photos (71)
Formula:
BeAl
 
2
O
 
4
System:OrthorhombicColour:Green shades, ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:8½
Name:From the Greek χρυσός, golden, and βήρυλλος, beryl, in allusion to the color.


The green gem variety, that shows a colour change under different light sources, is called alexandrite.

Classification of Chrysoberyl

IMA status:Approved
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/B.07-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.BA.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
A : With small and medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:7.2.9.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.4.4

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths
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Type Occurrence of Chrysoberyl

Type Locality:Brazil
Year of Discovery:1789

Occurrences of Chrysoberyl

Geological Setting:Granite pegmatites.

Physical Properties of Chrysoberyl

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Green shades, emerald-green, greenish white, yellowish green, greenish brown, yellow, blue
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):8½
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Distinct/Good
Distinct on {110}, imperfect on {010}, poor on (001)
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density (measured):3.75(1) g/cm3
Density (calculated):3.69 g/cm3

Crystallography of Chrysoberyl

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 5.481Å, b = 9.415Å, c = 4.428Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.582 : 1 : 0.47
Unit Cell Volume:V 228.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Simple crystals usually tabular {001}; short prismatic [100] at times, or, less often, [001]. Striated on {001} parallel to [100]. Twinned crystals usually flattened perpendicular to the composition plane, and have a feather-like striation on {001}. Twinning forms six-rayed spokelike aggregates.
Twinning:Common on twin plane {130}. Both contact and penetration twins, freqently repeated and forming pseudohexagonal crystals as viewed along [001] with or without reentrant angles. Also flattened heart-shaped
Crystal Atlas:
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Chrysoberyl no.11 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Chrysoberyl no.35 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

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The mindat.org Crystal Atlas allows you to view a selection of crystal drawings of real and idealised crystal forms for this mineral and, in certain cases, 3d rotating crystal objects. You need Java to see these. You can download Java for free - click here to download Java

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Chrysoberyl

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.746 nβ = 1.748 nγ = 1.756
2V:Measured: 70° , Calculated: 72°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.010

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:High
Dispersion:r > v
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:X = c = columbine-red
Y = b = orange-yellow
Z = a = emerald-green
Comments:Exhibits a bluish opalescence or chatoyancy, notably on {010}. Also asteriated with a cat's eye effect.

Chemical Properties of Chrysoberyl

Formula:
BeAl
 
2
O
 
4
Essential elements:Al, Be, O
All elements listed in formula:Al, Be, O
Common Impurities:Fe,Cr,Ti

Relationship of Chrysoberyl to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.BA.10Manganostibite
(Mn,Fe)
 
7
SbAsO
 
12
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.4.1Bromellite
BeO
7.4.2Behoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.3Clinobehoite
Be(OH)
 
2
7.4.5Magnesiotaaffeite-2N’2S
Mg
 
3
Al
 
8
BeO
 
16
7.4.6Magnesiotaaffeite-6N’3S
(Mg,Fe,Zn)
 
2
Al
 
6
BeO
 
12
7.4.7Periclase
MgO
7.4.8Brucite
Mg(OH)
 
2
7.4.9Spinel
MgAl
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.10Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
·4H
 
2
O
7.4.11Lime
CaO
7.4.12Portlandite
Ca(OH)
 
2
7.4.13Mayenite
Ca
 
12
Al
 
14
O
 
33
7.4.14Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
7.4.15Marokite
CaMn
 
2
O
 
4
7.4.16Ranciéite
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·3H
 
2
O
7.4.17Hollandite
Ba(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)
 
8
O
 
16
7.4.18Romanèchite
(Ba,H
 
2
O)
 
2
Mn
 
5
O
 
10
7.4.19Todorokite
(Mn,Mg,Ca,Ba,K,Na)
 
2
Mn
 
3
O
 
12
·3H
 
2
O

Other Names for Chrysoberyl

Synonyms:
Aluminate of GlucinaAlumoberylChrysberilChrysoberilChrysopal (of Delamétherie)
CrisoberiloKrisoberilKrysoberrilOriental Chrysolite
German names:
Chrysoberyll
Japanese names:
金緑石
Russian names:
Хризоберилл
Traditional Chinese names:
金綠玉
Varieties:
AlexandriteCymophane

Other Information

Electrical:Electrical conductivity increases with temperature.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Chrysoberyl

Reference List:Werner (1789), Bergm. Journal: 373, 387 (as Krisoberil).

Haüy (1798): 4: 5 (as Cymophane).

Des Cloizeaux (1845), Ann. chim. phys.:(3): 13.

Melczer (1900), Zs. Kr.: 33: 246.

Gldschmidt (1913): 2: 154.

Adams and Graham (1926), Royal Society of Canada, Transactions: (3) sec. 4: 20: 113.

Bragg and Brown (1926), Zs. Kr.: 63: 122.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 718-722.

American Mineralogist (1963): 48: 804-810.

Internet Links for Chrysoberyl

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
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  • Chrysoberyl details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Chrysoberyl

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Algeria
     
    • Constantine Province
      • El Milia
    		G. Tchimichkian, Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, pp. 87-88.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Enderby Land
        • Napier Complex
          • Casey Bay
            • Khmara Bay
    		Grew, E., Et Al. (2000,October). Polar Geoscience, 13, 1-40
    Edward S. Grew Surinamite, taafeite and beryllian saphirine from pegmatites in graulite-facies rocks of Casey Bay, Enderby Land, Antarctica, - Am. Miner., 1981,v.66, p.1022-1033.
    Australia
     
    • Northern Territory
    • South Australia
      • Mt Lofty Ranges
        • South Mt Lofty Ranges
          • Williamstown
    		Noble (1983). Catalogue of South Australian Minerals. (Mine Dep. SA)
    • Tasmania
      • Weldborough district
    		Bottrill & Baker (in prep) Catalogue of minerals of Tasmania
    • Victoria
    		No reference listed
    • Western Australia
      • Cue Shire
        • Cue
          • Poona
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    [var: Alexandrite] MinMag 66(6):985-1002
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Koralpe Mts
        • Rieding
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Waldviertel
        • Spitz
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Collection of Martin Slama
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Felben valley
          • Scheelite deposit
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
        • Habach Valley
          • Nasenkopf Mt.
            • Leckbachgraben (Leckbachrinne)
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Brazil
     
    • Central-West Region
      • Goiás
        • Minaçu
    		[var: Alexandrite]
    • Northeast Region
      • Bahia
        • Arataca
    		Manfred Kampf .
        • Campo Formoso District
          • Pindobaçu
    		[var: Alexandrite]
        • Curaçá
          • Curaçá River Valley
    		[var: Alexandrite]
        • Érico Cardoso (old Água Quente)
          • Paramirim das Crioulas
            • Pico das Almas River
    		Jeannine and Jacques Cassedanne : "Présence d'eskolaite dans les alluvions stannifères de la Chapada Diamantina (Bahia-Brésil), Bull. Mineral., 1980, 103, pp 600-602.
    Rocks and Minerals Sept 1999
        • Paramirim
    		[MinRec 16:111]
      • Rio Grande do Norte
    • Southeast Region
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
        • Afonso Cláudio
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    Rafael Hernandes Corrêa-Silva .
      • Minas Gerais
        • Antônio Dias
    		[var: Alexandrite] Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp46-51
        • Diamantina
    		Diamond News, Part 1, Vol.5, No.17,2004,pp40-44; Diamond News, Part 2, Vol.5, No.18,2004,pp 13-19 [In Portuguese]
        • Ferros
    		[var: Alexandrite]
        • Itabira-Nova Era district
          • Itabira
    		Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
          • Nova Era
    		[var: Alexandrite]
        • Malacacheta
    		[var: Alexandrite] No reference listed
    [var: Alexandrite]
        • Padre Paraíso
    		(pers. comm., mine owner Mr. Junior Duarte)
    Burma (Myanmar)
     
    • Bago Division
      • Bago District
    		No reference listed
    • Mandalay Division
      • Sagaing District
    		[var: Alexandrite] http://www.ruby-sapphire.com/r-s-bk-burma2.htm
    No reference listed
    China
     
    • Hunan Province
      • Chenzhou Prefecture
        • Linwu Co.
          • Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic ore field
    		Huang et al. (1988): Hsianghualing rocks, mineral deposits and minerals. Beijing Sci. Techn. Publ. Bur. (Beijing), 255 pp.; AM 44 (1959), 1327; EJM 10 (1998), 1037
    • Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region
      • Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture
        • Aletai (Altay) Prefecture
          • Fuyun Co.
    		http://www.smartminerals.com/cina2004/art_China_localities.htm
    http://www.idm.gov.vn/nguon_luc/Xuat_ban/2005/B26/b65.htm
    Czech Republic
     
    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
      • Olomouc Region
        • Šumperk (Mährisch Schönberg)
          • Maršíkov
    		Novák, M.: Maršíkov - Schinderhübel. In Exkurzní průvodce po mineralogických lokalitách na Sobotínsku. Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2002, Olomouc, s. 34-37.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Kasaï (Kasaï-Occidental)
    		Edwards, M.G. (1917) The American Mineralogist, 2, #7, 88-89.
    Finland
     
    • Etelä-Suomen Lääni
      • Kemiö Island
    France
     
    • Brittany
      • Morbihan
        • Penestin
    India
     
    • Chattisgarh (Chhattisgarh)
      • Raipur District
    		[var: Alexandrite]
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Lecco Province
        • Colico
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
      • Sondrio Province
        • Malenco Valley
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
        • Novate Mezzola
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    Ghizzoni, S. & Mazzoleni, G. (2005): Itinerari mineralogici in val Codera. Geologia Insubrica, Ed., Milano, 316 pp.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
        • Villa di Chiavenna
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ornavasso
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
        • Ossola Valley
          • Antrona Valley
            • Montescheno
    		Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 23 (1), 42-49
          • Vigezzo Valley
            • Orcesco
    		Mattioli V. (1987) - Novità mineralogiche in Val d'Ossola - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, fasc. 1, pp.1-11
            • Trontano
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Mattioli V. (1987) - Novità mineralogiche in Val d'Ossola - Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, Milano, fasc. 1, pp.1-11
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Rabbi Valley
    		Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
        • Sole Valley
    		Exel, R. (1987): Guida mineralogica del Trentino e del Sudtirolo. Athesia, Bolzano, 204 pp.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Fukushima Prefecture
    		Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970)
    Madagascar
     
    • Antananarivo Province
      • Vakinankaratra Region (Betafo - Antsirabé region)
        • Betafo Department
          • Ambohimanambola Commune
            • Mount Ikaka
    		Extra Lapis nr 17. Madagascar p 56-59 (german edition)
        • Sahatany Pegmatite Field (Mt Bity (Ibity) area)
          • Sahatany Valley
    		Ranorosoa, N (1986) : Etude mineralogique des pegmatites du champ de la Sahatany, Madagscar. These de doctorat, Toulouse
    • Fianarantsoa Province
      • Horombe Region
        • Ranohira Department
          • Ilakaka Commune
    		[var: Alexandrite] http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/Special/Pig/PIG_articles/Madagascar_txt.pdf
      • Matsiatra Region
        • Ampandramaika-Malakialina Pegmatite Field
          • Ikalamavony Department
            • Fitampito Commune
              • Andanoa
    		J.Behier(1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Serv. Geol.Mad. A 1871
    Behier, J. (1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique Madagascar. A 1871
    • Toamasina (Tamatave) Province
      • Alaotra-Mangoro Region
        • Ambatondrazaka Department
    		Jordi Fabre
    [www.thamesvalleyminerals.com]
    J. Behier (1960): Contribution à la Mineralogie de Madagascar. Ann.Geol.Mad. XXIX,
        • Andilamena Department
    		Behier, J. (1960): Contribution á la mineralogie de Madagascar. Annales Géologiques de Madagascar XXIX, Tananarive. p 27
    • Tuléar (Toliara) Province
      • Androy Region
        • Ambovombe-Atsimo Department
          • Imanombo Commune
    		J.Behier(1963): Carte mineralogique de Madagascar. Archive Serv. Geol.Mad. A 1871
    Norway
     
    • Aust-Agder
      • Evje og Hornnes
    		Neumann (1985, p. 59)./ Kristiansen, R. (1999): Berylliumsmineraler i Norge. STEIN 26 (2), 8-23
      • Iveland
    		Schetelig (1913, p. 3); Oftedal (1947b); Neumann (1985, p. 59).
      • Risør
    		Andersen (1931, p. 59); Oftedal (1947b); Neumann (1985, p. 59).
    • Vestfold
      • Larvik
        • Lågendalen
    		Sæbø (1966); Raade et al. (1980, p. 24); Neumann (1985, p. 59).
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Ząbkowice District
        • Ząbkowice (Frankenstein)
          • Szklary (Gläsendorf)
    		Geologia Sudetica, 33 (1): 23-31.
    Russia
     
    • Northern Region
      • Karelia Republic
        • Ladoga Region
          • Pitkyaranta (Pitkäranta) District
    		P.Kartashov data
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
    • Urals Region
      • Central Urals
        • Rezh District
          • Lipovka pegmatite field
    		I.A. Baksheev and O.E. Kudryavtseva : "Composition of some pegmatitic, hydrothermal and metamorphic dravites from the Urals, Russia", Bull. Liaison SFMC, Vol. 16, 2004.
      • Middle Urals
    		[var: Alexandrite]
    [var: Alexandrite] [MinRec 32:41]
            • Malyshevo
    		[var: Alexandrite] No reference listed
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Murchison Range
        • Gravelotte
          • Letaba District
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Piet Retief
    		Minerals of South Africa
    • Northern Cape Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
      • Keimoes
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Córdoba
        • Sierra Morena
          • Sierra Albarrana
            • El Cabril
    		Maria del Mar Abad-Ortega and Fernando Nieto, Eur. Journ. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 363-367.
    • Catalonia
      • Girona (Gerona)
        • Alt Empordà
          • Cadaqués
    		Bareche, E. (2005) "Els minerals de Catalunya. Segle XX" Ed. Museu Mollfulleda de Mineralogia - Grup Mineralògic Català, 269 p.
    • Galicia
      • Pontevedra
        • A Cañiza
    		[MinRecord 28:497]
    Sri Lanka
     
    • Central Province
    • Sabaragamuwa Province
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    No reference listed
    [var: Alexandrite]
    • Western Province
    		[var: Alexandrite]
    Sweden
     
    • Östergötland
      • Finspång
    • Uppland
      • Vaxholm
        • Resarö
    		No reference listed
    • Västmanland
      • Köping
    		Nysten,P. & Gustafsson, L.(2006): I jakt på sällsynta mineral. Geologiskt forum nr 49, 22-25
      • Nora
    		Nysten,P. & Gustafsson, L.(2006): I jakt på sällsynta mineral. Geologiskt forum nr 49, 22-25
    Switzerland
     
    • Grischun (Grisons; Graubünden)
      • Bregaglia Valley (Bergell)
        • Stampa
    		pers. comm. with Silvio Lareida, St. Moritz
    Tanzania
     
    • Arusha Region
      • Dumbawanga District
    		[var: Alexandrite] http://www.ganoksin.com/borisat/nenam/tanzania-mines.htm
      • Lake Manyara
    		[var: Alexandrite] Emeralds of the World English extraLapis Vol. 2 2002 pp24-35
    • Ruvuma Region
    		[var: Alexandrite]
    UK
     
    • England
      • Devon
        • Okehampton area (Northern Dartmoor)
    		http://www.mineralman.f9.co.uk/quarries/meldon.htm
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Nome Borough
        • Seward Peninsula
    		Sinkankas, 1989. Emerald & Other Beryls.
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
        • Bentley District
    		Holmes, G.H., Jr. , Investigations of beryllium deposits in the northern Virgin Mountains of Clark County, Nevada, and Mohave County, Arizona, US Bur. Mines Info Circ. 6572: 13-20; MRDS file #10027713.
        • Virgin Mts
          • Virgin Peak (Bunkerville Mt.)
    		Meeves, H.C. (1966), Nonpegmatite beryllium occurrences in AZ, CO, NM, UT and four adjacent states, US Bur. of Mines Rept. Inv. 6828; Olson, Jerry C. & Hinrichs (1960), Beryl-bearing pegmatites in the Ruby Mts & other areas in NV & NW AZ: 141, 189-192.
    Olson, Jerry C. & Hinrichs (1960), USGS Bull. 1082-D, Beryl-bearing pegmatites in the Ruby Mts & other areas in NV & NW AZ: 192.
    • Colorado
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Dailey District (Jones Pass District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Douglas Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Clear Creek pegmatite Province
    		Meeves, H., et al (1966), Reconnaissance of beryllium-bearing pegmatite deposits in six western states, US Bur. Mines Info. Circ. 8298: 28 (Table A-1).
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Golden District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Larimer Co.
        • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite District (Storm Mountain District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Rocks & Min.:57:53-54.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Park Co.
        • Tarryall Mountains
          • Lost Creek
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Connecticut
      • Middlesex Co.
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT and Southeastern NY State; Am Min 35:173-184
          • Haddam Neck
    		No reference listed
    • Idaho
      • Shoshone Co.
    		Ream, Lanny R. 2004. Idaho Minerals, 2nd edition, Revised and Updated
    • Maine
      • Androscoggin Co.
        • Minot
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
      • Kennebec Co.
        • Litchfield
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
      • Oxford Co.
        • Buckfield
    		Rocks & Min.: 62:403-404.
        • Canton
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Gilead
    		Rocks & Min.: 57:52.
        • Greenwood
    		"Maine Mineral Localites, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
    Rocks & Min.: 62:404-405.
    AmMin 9:217
        • Lovell
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Newry
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
        • Paris
    		Rocks & Min.: 57:52.
    "Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
        • Peru
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
    No reference listed
        • Stow
    		No reference listed
        • Sumner
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., Maine Geologic Survey, Augusta, 1998
        • West Paris
    		Morrill et al. (1958)
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
        • Woodstock
          • Bryant Pond village area
    		Morrill et al. (1958)
    No reference listed
      • Sagadahoc Co.
        • Topsham
    		"Maine Mineral Localities, 3rd Ed." by Thompson, W.B., et.al., 1998
    King & Foord, 1994. Mineralogy of Maine, V. 1.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Bunkerville District
    		Rocks & Min.: 57: 55.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Elko Co.
        • Ruby Mountains
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Hampshire
      • Carroll Co.
        • Wakefield
    		Meyers & Stewart (1956). The Geology of NH: Part III Minerals and Mines. p.19
      • Grafton Co.
        • Grafton
    		 Meyers & Stewart, 1956. Geology of NH , Part III., p.19.
    Nicolay & Stone (1967), Rocks & Minerals: A Guide For Collectors of the Eastern US, p.82
      • Merrimack Co.
        • Wilmot
    		 Meyers & Stewart, 1956. Geology of NH , Part III., p.19.
    • New Mexico
      • Rio Arriba Co.
        • Petaca District
    		[var: Alexandrite] Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. Ed., 1996
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. Ed., 1996
        • Northern Taos Range
    		NMBMMR Bull 71 Mineral Resources of Taos County, New Mexico
    • New York
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull. Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 84.
        • Manhattan Borough
          • New York Co.
    		The Minerals of New York City & Its Environs, New York Mineralogical Club Bull., Vol. 3, No. 1, Manchester, J.G. (1931): 22.
      • Saratoga Co.
        • Batchellerville
    		George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.; George Robinson & Steven Chamberlain (2007) Gazetteer of major New York State mineral localities. Rocks & Minerals, 82, #6, 472-483.
        • Greenfield Township
    		No reference listed
    Leonard S.Wiener and Sigrid Ballew,1995, Updated by Kenny Gay,2006, A Listing Of North Carolina Minerals,Geologic Note No.4
      • Yancey Co.
        • Spruce Pine District
          • Black Mtn-Bowlens Creek Area
            • Burnsville
              • Hurricane Mt.
    		Genth,F.A and Kerr,W.C,1881,Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina,Geologic Survey,North Carolina
    • South Dakota
      • Custer Co.
        • Custer District
          • Custer
    		Rocks & Min.:57:54.
    Rocks & Min.: 57:54.
    R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    Rocks & Min.: 57:55.
          • Fourmile
    		Rocks & Min.: 57:155.
          • Pringle
    		Rocks & Min.: 57:54-55.
      • Pennington Co.
        • Keystone District
          • Keystone
    		R&M 75:3 pp 156-169
    • Virginia
      • Amelia Co.
        • Winterham
    		Rocks & Min.: 8:143-144.
    • Washington
      • Pend Oreille Co.
        • Usk
          • Browns Lake
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.58
    Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.73
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Masvingo
      • Masvingo (Fort Victoria)
    		[var: Alexandrite] [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
    T. Kennedy collection
    • Midlands
      • Gweru (Gwelo) District
    		No reference listed
    Mineral and/or Locality
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