Clausthalite

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Ruhmvoll dyke, Shaft 366, Alberoda, Schlema-Hartenstein District, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Clausthalite Photos (17)

Formula:

PbSe

System:

Isometric

Colour:

Bluish grey to lead-grey

Hardness:

2½ - 3

Member of:

Galena Group

Name:

After the discovery locality: Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Harz Mountains, Germany.

Galena Group. Clausthalite-Galena Series.

Classification of Clausthalite

IMA status:

Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"

Strunz 8th edition ID:

2/C.15-50

Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:

2.CD.10

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
D : With Sn, Pb, Hg, etc.

Dana 8th edition ID:

2.8.1.2

2 : SULFIDES
8 : A_mX_p, with m:p = 1:1

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.6.6

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
6 : Sulphides etc. of Sb and Pb

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Type Occurrence of Clausthalite

Type Locality:

St Lorenz Mine, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Harz Mts, Lower Saxony, Germany

Year of Discovery:

1832

Occurrences of Clausthalite

Geological Setting:

Selenium bearing low sulfur hydrothermal deposits.

Physical Properties of Clausthalite

Lustre:

Metallic

Diaphaneity (Transparency):

Opaque

Colour:

Bluish grey to lead-grey

Streak:

Grey-black

Hardness (Mohs):

2½ - 3

Hardness (Vickers):

VHN₁₀₀=44 - 49 kg/mm²

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Good on {001}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Comment:

Granular fracture

Density (measured):

7.8 - 8.22 g/cm³

Density (calculated):

8.275 g/cm³

Crystallography of Clausthalite

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m {F4/m 3 2/m}

Space Group Setting:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 6.1243Å

Unit Cell Volume:

V 229.70 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Massive, fine granular, foliated

Chemical Properties of Clausthalite

Formula:

PbSe

Essential elements:

Pb, Se

All elements listed in formula:

Pb, Se

Common Impurities:

Hg,Co,Cu

Relationship of Clausthalite to other Species

Series:

Forms a series with Galena (see here)

Member of:

Galena Group

Other Members of Group:

- +

PbTe

PbS

(Mg,Fe

,Mn

Oldhamite

(Ca,Mg)S

Common Associates:

Tiemannite	Klockmannite	Berzelianite	Umangite	Gold
Stibiopalladinite	Uraninite

2.CD.05

Herzenbergite

(Sn,Pb)SnS

2.CD.05

Teallite

(Pb,Sn)SnS

2.CD.10

Alabandite

2.CD.10

Altaite

PbTe

2.CD.10

Galena

PbS

2.CD.10

Niningerite

(Mg,Fe

,Mn

2.CD.10

Oldhamite

(Ca,Mg)S

2.CD.10

Keilite

(Fe

,Mg)S

2.CD.15a

Cinnabar

HgS

2.CD.15b

Hypercinnabar

HgS

3.6.1

Herzenbergite

(Sn,Pb)SnS

3.6.2

Ottemannite

beta Sn

3.6.3

Berndtite

SnS

3.6.4

Stistaite

SnSb

3.6.5

Galena

PbS

3.6.7

Altaite

PbTe

3.6.8

Furutobeite

(Cu,Ag)

PbS

3.6.9

Aschamalmite

3.6.10

Betekhtinite

(Cu,Fe)

3.6.11

Shadlunite

(Pb,Cd)(Fe,Cu)

Other Names for Clausthalite

Synonyms:

Clausthalie

Selenbleiglanz

Other Languages:

German:	Clausthalit Selenblei
Russian:	Клаусталит
Simplified Chinese:	硒铅矿
Spanish:	Clausthalita

Other Information

Health Warning:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Clausthalite

Reference List:

- +

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 204-205.

American Mineralogist (1950): 35: 337-364.

American Mineralogist (1959): 44: 166.

Internet Links for Clausthalite

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Clausthalite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)

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Localities for Clausthalite

The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

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(TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.


Argentina
La Rioja Famatina Puerto Alegre San Francisco deposit	Paar, et al. (1996): Revista de la Asociacion Geologica Argentina 51 (4):304-312
Jagué El Chire prospect	Canadian Mineralogist (2004): 42(6): 1745-1755.
Los Llantenes District	Recursos Minerales de la Republica Argentina, E. O. Zappettini Ed., Buenos Aires 1999 ISSN 0328-2325
Condor Mine	Sarp, H. & G.Burri, Schweiz. Mineral.Petrogr. Mitt. 67, 219-223(1987)
Sañogasta District La Piedra Pintada	M.K. de Brodtkorb (ed.) (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina, (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
Santa Brígida Mine	Minerales de la Republica Argentina, E. O. Zappettini Ed., Buenos Aires 1999 ISSN 0328-2325
Sierra de Famatina	No reference listed
Sierra de Umango Sierra de Cacho Tumiñico Mine
Mendoza Sierra de Cacheuta	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484

Australia
New South Wales Robinson Co. Cobar Cobar New Occidental mine	L.B. Gilligan and J.G. Byrnes Cobar Metallogenic Map 1:250 000
Northern Territory South Alligator Valley Mineral Field Rockhole area Rockhole Mine	Rajesh, H.M. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 382-396.
Tasmania Queenstown district Mount Lyell Mines	Ralph Bottrill et al in prep.
Prince Lyell Mine	Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania
Western Australia Goldfields-Esperance region Kalgoorlie-Boulder City Kalgoorlie Golden Boulder mine Phantom lode	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484

Austria
Styria Neuberg an der Mürz Altenberg an der Rax Eselberg Mt. Selenide occurrence	Postl, W. & Paar, W.H. (1997)

Belgium
Luxembourg Province Wellin Daverdisse	Jedwab J., Dejonghe L. (1982): Bulletin de la société belge de Géologie 91(4), 217-233

Bolivia
Potosí Department Antonio Quijarro Province El Dragón mine	[MinRec 21:133]; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Chayanta Province Pakajake Canyon (Pacajake Canyon) Virgen de Surumi mine (Pacajake mine; Pakajake mine)	[MinRec 32:476]; Amer.Min.(1969) 54, 1519-1527

Brazil
Goiás Cavalcante Buraco do Ouro mine	Botelho, N.F., Moura, M.A., Peterson, R.C., Stanley, C.J., Silva, D.V.G. (2006): "Kalungaite, PdAsSe, a new platinum-group mineral from the Buraco do Ouro gold mine, Cavalcante, Goiás State, Brazil", Mineralogical Magazine 70, 123-130

Bulgaria
Sofiya Oblast (Sofia Oblast) Zlatitsa Elatsite Mine (Elacite Mine)	Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.; Georgiev, Georgi (2008) A genetic model of the Elatsite porphyry copper deposit, Bulgaria. GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY • SOFIA 46, 143-160.

Canada
Manitoba Flin Flon District Trout Lake mine	Econ Geol (1992) 87:1906-1910
New Brunswick Kings Co. Cardwell Parish Mechanic Settlement Pluton	Can. Min. 45, 775
Ontario Algoma District Montreal River harbor Ranwick Mine
Cochrane District Timmins Area Kidd Township Kidd Creek mine	ontariominerals.com; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484; Canadian Mineralogist (1984) 22 (2), 227-232
Sudbury District Wisner Township Broken Hammer area	Econ. Geol. 103 (2008) 1005-1028.
Thunder Bay District Marathon Hemlo gold deposit	ontariominerals.com
Québec Nord-du-Québec Baie-James Otish Mountains Otish Mts uranium deposit	Zdenek, J., Picot, P., and Ruhlmann, F. (1987): Canadian Mineralogist 25, 625-638.
Saskatchewan Beaverlodge Region Goldfields District Beaverlodge Lake Ato Bay	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
Melville Lake Eagle shaft area Eagle Claims U-Cu-Se Occurrence	Can Min 10:787-796
Lake Athabasca Shirley Peninsula Fish Hook Bay	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Drill Hole FH-86-21	Can Min Vol. 29, pp. 4ll-4l8 (1991)
Uranium City Ace Mine	Tom Loomis specimen
Martin Lake Mine	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Cluff Lake Uranium Mine	Econ Geol (1987)82:1169-1176

China
Gansu Province Gannan Autonomous Prefecture Luqu Co. Laerma (La'erma) Au-Se deposit	Hanjie Wen, Carignan, J., Yuzhuo Qiu, and Shirong Liu (2006): Environmental Science and Technology 40(4), 1126-1132.
Guizhou Province Guiyang Prefecture Kaiyang Co. Baimadong U deposit (U deposit No. 504)	Chen Luming, Zhang Qifa, Li Deren, and Wang Guanxin (1993): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 13(1), 7-11.
Hunan Province Zhangjiajie Prefecture Cili Co. Dayong (Zhangjiajie) Ni-Mo-PGE deposit	Wallis, E. (2006): PhD Thesis, Technical University of Berlin, Germany (in German with English abstract), Vol. 1, 136-154.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Alxa League (Alashan Prefecture) Alxa Right Banner (Alashan Youqi) Tamusu U deposit	Jiayong Pan, Chengdong Liu, Guolin Guo, Anping Chen, Fazheng Chen, Zhaobin Yan, Yiping Chen, and Rengui Wu (2009): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 29(1), 44-48
Ordos League (E'erduosi Prefecture) Dongsheng District U deposit No. 2081	Yingxia Xu, Kezhang Qin, Kuishou Ding, Yu Miao, Lianchang Zhang, and Xingwang Xu (2006): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 26(3), 349-355
Jungar Banner (Zhunge'er Co.) Jungar (Zhunge'er) coal field Hada Gol Mine (Haidaigou Mine)	Shifeng Dai, Deyi Ren, Shengsheng Li, and Chenlin Chou (2006): Acta Geologica Sinica 85(2), 294-300
Jiangxi Province Fuzhou Prefecture Chongren Co. Liueryilin Uranium ore field (Uranium ore field No. 6210) Liueryiqi U deposit (U deposit No. 6217)	Maozhong Min, Changquan Fang, and Mostafa Fayek (2005): Ore Geology Reviews 26(3/4), 187-197; Peng Xinjian, Luo Xingzhang, Zhang Wenlan, and Min Maozhong (2001): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 21(2), 133-136.
Shanxi Province Lüliang Prefecture Wenshui Co. Diantou U deposit	Yunbiao Peng, Ziying Li, Xiheng Fang, and Qilai Xie (2006): Acta Geologica Sinica 85(5), 724-732
Sichuan Province Leshan Prefecture Muchuan Co. Minzhu-Taiping Re-Mo-(Os) deposit	Jianbin Zheng, Zhimin Cao, Wei An, and Yaonan Luo (2006): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 26(3), 346-348.
Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture Huili Co. Luchang-Datongchang Ag-Cu deposit	Dequan Shuai and Fengming Fu (1983): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 3(4), 318-320
Ngawa (Aba) Autonomous Prefecture Ruo'ergai Co. (Zoigê Co.) Qiongmo (Qiongme; Quongme) Au-Se deposit	Jiajun Liu, Jianming Liu, Wenquan Lu, Minghua Zheng, Yufeng Zhou, Xuexiang Gu, and Bin Zhang (1998): Acta Mineralogica Sinica 18(4), 445-451
Xinjiang (Xinjiang-Uygur) Autonomous Region Tulufan (Turfan; Turpan) Prefecture Shanshan (Piqan; Pichan) Co. Xiaorequanzi Mine	Jingwen Mao, Goldfarb, R.J., Yitian Wang, Hart, C.J., Zhiliang Wang, and Jianmin Yang (2005): Episodes 28(1), 23-36.
Yili Hasake (Ili Kazakh) Autonomous Prefecture Yining (Ghulja) Co. Axi Mine (Arxi Mine)	Wei Zhai, Xiaoming Sun, Weidong Sun, Liwei Su, Xiaoping He and Youliang Wu (2009): Ore Geology Reviews (in press).

Czech Republic
Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen) Central Bohemia Region Lašovice	Tony Nikischer specimen
Předbořice	Strübel, Zimmer: "Lexikon der Minerale", 2nd Ed., 1991; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Příbram Uranium Mine No. 16	Škácha P., Sejkora J., Litochleb J., Hofman P.: Výskyt cuprostibitu v příbramském uran-polymetalickém revíru (šachta 16, Příbram - Háje), Česká republika. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2009, roč. 17, č. 1, s. 73-78.
Hradec Králové Region Krkonoše Mts (Riesengebirge) Cerný Dul (Schwarzenthal)	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
Karlovy Vary Region Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge) Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal)	Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
Nejdek (Neudek) Oldřichov (Ullersloh)	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Liberec Region North Bohemian Uranium District	Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
Pardubice Region Třemošnice Běstvina	Fengl, M.: Mineralogie těžených fluoritových ložisek (2.). Minerál, 1998, roč. 6, č. 4, s. 243-252.
Plzeň Region Planá u Mariánských Lázní (Plan) Zadní Chodov	Scharmová, M., Scharm, B.: Minerály selenu na uranovém ložisku Zadní Chodov. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 43-47.
Ústí Region Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge) Dubí Moldava (Moldawa)	Sejkora, J.: Minerály ložiska Moldava v Krušných horách. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 110-116.
Moravia (Mähren; Maehren) Olomouc Region Javorník Horní Hostice Jeleni vrch	Pauliš, P., Novák, F., Ševců, J.: Sekundární minerály z uranového ložiska Jelení vrch u Horních Hoštic v Rychlebských horách. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae geologicae, 2004, roč. 89, s. 121 - 138.
Zálesí (Zalesie)	Sejkora, J.: Uranové ložisko Zálesí v Rychlebských horách. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 105-110.
Vysočina Region Nové Město na Moravě Nova Ves	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38.
Petrovice	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38. ; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Škrdlovice	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38.
Slavkovice	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38.
Rožná deposit Bukov Mine	Vavřín, I.: Nové poznatky o selenidech Českého masívu. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 82-89. ; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Habři Mine	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38.
Rožná I Mine (R-1; KHB)	Petr Pauliš
Rozsochy Mine	Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38. ; Kvaček, M.: Selenides from the deposits of Western Moravia, Czechoslovakia – Part II. Acta Universitatis Carolinae – Geologica, 1979, vol. 23, nos. 1-2, s. 15-38.
Zlatkov Mine	Vavřín, I.: Nové poznatky o selenidech Českého masívu. Bulletin Mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1994, roč. 2, s. 82-89.

Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
Katanga (Shaba) Katanga Copper Crescent Shinkolobwe Shinkolobwe Mine (Kasolo Mine)	Mineralogical Record: 20: 287-288.

Finland
Lapin (Lapland) Lääni Portimo complex Rytikangas PGE Reef
Siika-Kämä PGE Reef
Sodankylä Pahtavaara Au mine	No reference listed
Oulun (Oulu) Lääni Kuusamo	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Juomasuo	No reference listed
Kitka River Valley	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Am Min 50:581-586
Sivakkaharju

France
Alsace Haut-Rhin Lauch valley Rimbach-près-Guebwiller Amic pass	J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
Auvergne Puy-de-Dôme Saint-Amant-Tallende Olloix Liauzun	H. Agrinier and J. Geffroy : "Les Minéraux Séléniés du Point Uranifère de Liauzun-en-Olloix (Puy de Dôme) : Clausthalite, Sélénium Natif, Sélénite de Plomb et Chalcoménite", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr., 1967, XC, N°3, 383-386
Sauxillanges Chaméane Chaméane Uranium Deposit	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Hautes-Alpes Saint-Véran Les Clausis	A. Sinojmeri, M. Ohnenstetter, Z. Johan : "Nouvelles données sur la clausthalite et les tellurures du gisement de Saint Véran (Hautes Alpes)", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. , 1987

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Black Forest Baden-Baden Müllenbach U deposit	No reference listed
Menzenschwand Krunkelbach Valley Uranium deposit	Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
Bavaria Franconia Fichtelgebirge Weißenstadt Großschloppen Christa Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990; DILL, H. G. and KOLB, S.G. (1986): The Großschloppen-Hebanz uranium occurrences. A prototype of mineralized structure zones associated with desilification and silification processes (F.R. Germany/N Bavaria). - In: Uranium Vein-Type Deposits (Ed. H.D. Fuchs), International Atomic Energy Agency, 287-303
Upper Palatinate Schwandorf Wölsendorf Fluorite mining District Wölsendorf East District (Wölsendorf - Nabburg District)	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Hesse Korbach Goldhausen Eisenberg hill	Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
Lower Saxony Harz Mts Bad Sachsa Zorge Brummerjan Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
Braunlage Ludwig-Rudolf Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Clausthal-Zellerfeld Charlotte Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
Lerbach Weintraube Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
St Lorenz Mine (TL)
Lautenthal Trogtal Quarries	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
St Andreasberg District St Andreasberg Felicitas Mine	No reference listed
Roter Bär Mine	Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
North Rhine-Westphalia Sauerland Marsberg Copper mines	Lapis, 16 (12), 13-21+58.
Saxony-Anhalt Harz Mts Gernrode Rieder Greywacke quarry	Schaarschmidt, H. (2007): Weltweit einmalig: Clausthalit als freie Kristalle aus dem Harz. Lapis 32 (3), 41-42. (in German)
Tilkerode (Abberode) Eskaborn Adit	Lapis 2002(11), 42-43
Saxony Erzgebirge Ehrenfriedersdorf Sauberg Mine	Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
Freiberg District Reinsberg	Naumann, Zirkel: "Elemente der Mineralogie", 10th Ed., Leipzig (1898)
Johanngeorgenstadt District Johanngeorgenstadt	Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
Marienberg District Lauta Vater Abraham Mine ("Shaft 139"; Shaft 152)	Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
Schlema-Hartenstein District	American Mineralogist (1983): 68: 280-281.
Alberoda Shaft 296 (dump)	Vollstädt,H. & Weiß,St. (1991): Mineralfundstellen Sächsisches Erzgebirge, München, S.26ff.
Shaft 366 Ruhmvoll dyke	The Canadian Mineralogist, V 42, 2004, pp. 1719-1732.
Shaft 371	No reference listed
Schneeberg District	Lapis 30(7/8):78-80 (2005)
Schwarzenberg District Pöhla Pöhla-Tellerhäuser Mine	Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001

Greenland
Kitaa (West Greenland) Province Narsaq Qaqortoq (Julianehåb) Frederik VII's Mine	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484

Italy
Sardinia Cagliari Province Villaputzu Baccu Locci Mine
Trentino-Alto Adige Trento Province Fiera di Primiero	AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work

Japan
Kyushu Region Kagoshima Prefecture Kushikino City Kushikino mine (Mitsui-Kushikino mine)	Shiga & Urashima (1983) Sanko-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 123.

Mexico
Durango Mun. de Mapimí Mapimí Monterrey Mine	Panczner(1987):112-384.
Ojuela Mine	Mineralogical Record (2003) 34:5 The Ojuela Mine
Sonora Mun. de Moctezuma Moctezuma	Lapis 2001(1), 11-40

Morocco
Souss-Massa-Draâ Region Ouarzazate Province Tazenakht Bou Azer District (Bou Azzer District) Bleida Bleida Far West Mine	El Ghorfi, M., Oberthür, T., Melcher, F., Lüders, V., El Boukhari, A., Maacha, L., Ziadi, R., and Baoutoul, H. (2006): Mineralium Deposita 41, 549-564.

Norway
Buskerud Flesberg Svene Kongsberg Silver Mining District Vinoren Silver Mine Field Vinoren Northern Mines ?	Heier,K.(1953):"Clausthalite and Selenium-bearing Galena in Norway". Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 32,228-231 + Neumann (1985, p. 26).
Kongsberg Kongsberg Silver Mining District Underberget Mining Field Herzog Ulrich Mine	Heier, K.(1953): Clausthalite and Selenium-bearing Galena in Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 32,228-231
Nordland Fauske Sulitjelma Sulitjelma Cu Mines Jakobsbakken Mine	Cook, N. J. (1996): Mineralogy of the sulphide deposits at Sulitjelma, northern Norway. Ore Geology Reviews 11: 303-308

Poland
Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie) Jelenia Góra District Kowary area Kowary (Schmiedeberg im Riesengebirge)	Mochnacka K. 1967: Geologia polimetalicznego złoża w Kowarach (Dolny Śląsk). Pr. Geol. Kom. Nauk Geol. PAN Oddz. w Krakowie nr 40; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Kłodzko District Kletno	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Legnica Lubin District Lubin Kazimierzów	Harańczyk C. 1972: Mineralizacja kruszcowa dolnocechsztyńskich osadów euksenicznych monokliny przedsudeckiej. Arch. Miner. T.30, z. 1-2
Polkowice District Polkowice-West Mine	Piestrzynski, A., and Wodzicki, A. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 37-47.
Wałbrzych District Dziećmorowice	Muszer A., Szuszkiewicz A., Łobos K. 2006: New occurence of clausthalite (PbSe) in the Sudetes (SW Poland). Mineralogia ; Muszer A., Szuszkiewicz A., Łobos K. 2006: New occurence of clausthalite (PbSe) in the Sudetes (SW Poland). Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 37., no. 2, 123-132
Podlaskie Suwałki District Suwałki Massif Krzemianka	Nejbert K. 2006: New data on the Ag-Te-Se mineralisation in magnetite-ilmenite rocks from the Suwałki Anorthosite Massif, NE Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 29, 172-175
Wielkopolskie Jarocin District Jarocin area Radlin-11 deep bore-hole	Piestrzyński A. 1992: Bi4Se3 a new unnamed mineral from the Kupferschiefer, Polish Lowland: Preliminary report. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 23, No 2, 35-42

Romania
Hunedoara Co. Deva Deva Mine	Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C. (2008): US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155.

Russia
Eastern-Siberian Region Prebaikalia (Pribaikal'e) Irkutskaya Oblast' Akitkan uranium ore district	Golubev, V.N., Makar’ev, L.B., and Bylinskaya, L.V. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(6), 482-490.
Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia) Aldan Shield	[World of Stones 12:49]
Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula Putoran Plateau Noril'sk Taimyr (Oktyabr'skoe; Oktyabr'skoye; Oktyabr'sky) Cu-Ni deposit	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit Komsomol'sky Mine	Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Transbaikalia (Zabaykalye) Buriatia (Buryatia) Republic Dovyren Highlands Yoko-Dovyrensky Massif	Galuskin, E. V. et al. (2007): Dovyrenite Ca6Zr[Si2O7]2(OH)4 – A New Mineral From Skarned Carbonate Xenoliths In Basic-Ultrabasic Rocks Of The Ioko-Dovyren Massif, Northern Baikal Region, Russia. Mineralogia Polonica, 38, 15-27
Yeniseisk Autonomous Oblast' Malinovskoye U deposit	Wanlie Ding (2005): World Nuclear Geoscience 22(2), 82-86
Tuva Republic Sayan Mts Eastern Sayan Kingash	Alexander V. Dedeev et al (2002) The PGE-Bearing Sulphide Ores of the Kingash Mafic-Ultramafic Differentiated Intrusion and Ore Processing Characteristics, East Sajan, Russia. 9th annual platinum symposium
Turan District Ust' Uyok (Ust'-Uyuk) deposit	http://maurice.strahlen.org/tuva/tuva.htm; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Far-Eastern Region Chukotskii Autonomous Okrug	Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
Rudnaya Sopka Ag-Au deposit	Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Kamchatka Oblast' Rodnikovoe	[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p.163-180]
Primorskiy Kray Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk; Tetyukhe; Tjetjuche; Tetjuche)	[MinRec 32:8]
Sakhalinskaya Oblast' Kuril Islands Kunashir Island Prasolovskoe Au deposit	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Northern Region Karelia Republic Lake Onega Zaonezhie peninsula Srednyaya Padma U-V deposit	American Mineralogist, Volume 83, pages 1118, 1998; Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
Urals Region Southern Urals Bashkortostan (Bashkiria) Republic Uchaly Zapadno-Ozernoye Cu deposit	Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Yakovleva, V.A., and Spiro, B. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 239-254
Chelyabinsk Oblast' Pervomayskiy Bereznyakovskoe Au deposit	Lehmann, B., Heinhorst, J., Hein, U., Neumann, M., Weisser, J.D., and Fedesejev, V. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 241-249.
Orenburgskaya Oblast' Orsk Dzhusinskoe (Dzhusinskoye) deposit	Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Yakovleva, V.A., and Spiro, B. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 239-254.

Slovakia
Košice Region Spišská Nová Ves Co. Spišská Nová Ves Mining District Novoveská Huta Novoveská Huta U-Cu deposit	Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p

South Africa
Limpopo Province Messina District	[MinRec 22:187]
Messina mine	Minerals of South Africa - Bruce Cairncross & Roger Dixon pg 52
Northwest Province Western Bushveld Complex Rustenburg District Rustenburg Mine Townlands pipe	Economic Geology (1990) 85:537-555
Western Cape Province Beaufort West District	Minerals of South Africa

Spain
Castile and Leon León Cármenes Providencia Mine	Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Catalonia Tarragona Conca de Barberà Vimbodí Poblet Monastery Coma Fosca	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595
Roca de Ponent	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595
Sant Miquel	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595

Sweden
Dalarna Falun Falun mine	No reference listed
Lappland Vilhelmina Stekenjokk	Juve, Gunnar (1974) - Ore mineralogy and ore types of the Stekenjokk deposit, Central Scandinavian Caledonides, Sweden. SGU ser C 706.
Östergötland Valdemarsvik Skrikerum Mine	Sandström, F. (2007): Skrikerum. Litiofilen 24 (1), 22-38; Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
Småland Oskarshamn Solstad mine	No reference listed
Södermanland Nyköping Tunaberg Dammgruvan Ore Field Dammgruvan Mine	Dobbe, R. T. M. (1991): Tellurides, Selenides and Associated Minerals in the Tunaberg Copper Deposits, SE Bergslagen, Central Sweden. Mineralogy and Petrology. 44:89-106
Tunaberg Cu-Co Ore Field	Dobbe, Rene T. M. (1991): Tellurides, selenides, and associated minerals in the Tunaberg copper deposits, SE Bergslagen, central Sweden. Mineralogy and Petrology 44, 89-106

Switzerland
Aargau Laufenburg Kaisten NAGRA bore	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 116.
Rheinfelden Weierfeld	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 116.
Wallbach Zuzgen	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 116.
Basel-Land Sissach Wintersingen	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 116.
Wallis (Valais) Anniviers Valley Saint-Luc Upper Tignausa vein	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 116.
Nendaz Valley Cleuson lake	Wulser et al. (2005) Cleusonite, a new mineral species from the crichtonite group from the western Swiss Alps, EJM 17, 933-942
Zürich Glattfelden Weiach NAGRA bore	Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 116.

Turkey
Black Sea Region Artvin Province Murgul Murgul Cu-Zn-Pb deposit Anayatak Mine	Özgür, N. (1993): Resource Geology, Special Issue 17, 180-185.
Cakmakkaya Mine	Özgür, N. (1993): Resource Geology, Special Issue 17, 180-185.

UK
England Devon East Devon Budleigh Salterton Littleham Bay	By EPMA at UCL 23/10/08
South Devon Torquay Hope's Nose	[Camm, 1995, 71 - "Gold in the Counties of Cornwall and Devon"]

USA
Arizona Greenlee Co. Blue Ridge Wilderness Area	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 176.
California Inyo Co. Darwin District	MinRec 15:5
Colorado Garfield Co. East Rifle Creek area Garfield Mine	USGS Prof Paper 320
Rifle Mine (Oriole Claims; Rifle Creek Mine; North Star Claims)	USGS Prof Paper 320
La Plata Co. Durango Area Good Hope - Nevada Group (Lady Madrine; Flicker Group; Claims: Good Hope)	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Montrose Co. Uravan District Corvusite Mine	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Paradox Valley Virgin No. 3 Mine	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
San Juan Co. Minnesota Gulch Pearl lode ?	Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
San Miguel Co. Lower San Miguel District Bear Creek Mine	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Slick Rock District Cougar Mine (Cougar Ventures C-SR-15)	Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
Georgia Cherokee Co. Canton Canton Mine (Rich mine)	Rocks & Min.:64:189; Shearer & Hull(1918).
Michigan Menominee Co. Back Forty Deposit	Quigley, Tom, and Mahin, Bob, 2008, Back Forty Geology and Mineralization: Proceedings of the Institute on Lake Superior Geology, v. 54, Part 2 - Field Trip Guidebook, 66-85.
Missouri Jackson Co. Stark Shale Member	Econ Geol (1987) 82:740-751
Nevada Elko Co. Bootstrap District Meikle Mine	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Gold Circle District (Midas District) Ken Snyder Mine (Midas Mine)	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Lander Co. Lewis District Dean Mine (Cumberland mine)	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
Mineral Co. Borealis District Borealis mine Freedom Flat deposit	NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
New Mexico San Miguel Co.	Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. Ed., 1996
Pennsylvania Carbon Co. Jim Thorpe (Mauch Chunk) Butcher Hollow	Geyer, A.R., Smith, R.C. & Barnes, J.H. (1976) Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania.
Penn Haven Junction	Geyer, A.R., Smith, R.C. & Barnes, J.H. (1976) Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania.
Texas Brewster Co. Central part	R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
Presidio Co. Shafter District	R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
Utah San Juan Co. Big Indian District (Big Indian Wash - Lisbon Valley Area) Mi Vida Mine (Utex Mine)	UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
La Sal Quadrangle Firefly–Pigmay Mine	Canadian Mineralogist (2001) 39, pp. 1691-1700

Uzbekistan
Kyzylkum Desert Central Kyzylkum Region Zarafshan Muruntau ore field Myutenbai Ag-Au deposit	Koneev, R.I., Turesebekov, A.H., Ignatikov, E.N., Vasilevsky, B.B., and Rakhimov, R.R. (2005), In: Jingwen Mao and Bierlein, F.P. (Eds.): Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge, Vol. 1, 1403-1406
Tashkent (Toshkent) Viloyati Angren Region Chatkal-Kuraminskii Range Kairagach (Kaygarach) Au deposit	Kovalenker, V. et al New Data on Minerals (2003): 38: 45-56

Zimbabwe
Harare District Viceroy mine	Oberthür, T. and Weiser, T. W. (2008): Gold-bismuth-telluride-sulphide assemblages at the Viceroy Mine, Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe. Mineral. Mag. 72, 953-970.

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