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Silica



Not really a true synonym, silica can mean many things, but in mineralogy it is the suite of species comprised of SiO2.

Classification of Silica

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Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Silica

Reference List:Sosman, R.B. (1927) The Properties of Silica. 856 pp., New York.

Rogers, Austin Flint (1928), Natural history of the silica minerals: American Mineralogist: 13: 73-92;

Cartz, L. (1964) An X-ray diffraction study of the structure of silica glass. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 120: 241-260.

Robinson, H.A. (1965) On the structure of vitreous SiO2. I. A new pentagonal dodecahedral model. Journal Phys. Chem. Solids: 26: 209-222.

Henninger, E.H., Buschert, R.C., and Heaton, L. (1967) Atomic structure and correlation in vitreous silica by x-ray and neutron diffraction. Journal Phys. Chem. Solids: 28: 423-432.

Hicks, J.F.G. (1967) Structure of silica glass. Scence: 155: 459-461.

Kushiro, I. (1969), The system forsterite-diopside-silica with and without water at high pressures: American Journal of Science: 267: 269-294.

Mozzi, R.L. and Warren, B.E (1969) The structure of vitreous silica. Journalm of Applied Crystallography: 2: 164-172.

Bell, R.J. and Dean, P. (1972) The structure of vitreous silica: validity of the random network theory. Phil. Magazine: 25: 1381-1398.

Konnert, J.H. and Karle, J. (1972) Tridymite-like structure in silica glass. Nature Phys. Sci.: 236: 92-94.

Narten, A.H. (1972) Diffraction pattern and structure of non-crystalline BeF2 and SiO2 at 25°C. Journal Chem. Phys.: 56: 1905-1909.

Konnert, J.H. and Karle, J. (1973a) Crystalline ordering in silica and germania glasses. Science: 179: 177-179.

Konnert, J.H., Ferguson, G.A., and Karle, J. (1974) Structure of silica glass: rebuttal. Science: 184: 93.

Da Silva, J.R.G.D., Pinatti, D.G., Anderson, C.E., and Rudee, M.L. (1975) A refinement of the structure of vitreous silica. Phil. Magazine: 31: 713-717.

Yip, K.L. and Fowler, W.B. (1975) Electronic structure of E1' centers in SiO2. Physics Review B: B11: 2327-2338.

Gaskell, P.H. and Tarrant, I.D. (1980) Refinement of a random network model for vitreous silicon dioxide. Phil. Magazine: B42: 265-286.

Herms, G. and Steil, H. (1980) The pentagonal dodecahedral model of vitreous silica and its compatibility with diffraction experiments. Krist. Tech.-Cryst. Res. Tech.: 15: 879-884.

Konnert, J.H., D'Antonio, P., and Karle, J. (1982) Comparison of radial distribution function for silica glass with those for various bonding topologies: use of correlation function. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 53: 135-141.

Richet, P., Bottinga, Y., Deniélou, L., Petitet, J.P., and Téqui, C. (1982) Thermodynamic properties of quartz, cristobalite, and amorphous SiO2: drop calorimetry measurements between 1000 and 1800 K and a review from 0 to 2000 K. Geochimica et Cosmochmica Acta: 46: 2639-2658.

Jani, M.G., Bossoli, R.B., and Halliburton, L.E. (1983) Further characterization of the E1' center in crystalline SiO2. Physics Review: B 27: 2285-2293.

Johnson, P.A.V., Wright, A.C., and Sinclair, R.N. (1983) Neutron scattering from vitreous silica. II. Twin-axis diffraction experiments. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 58: 109-130.

Smith, J.V. and Blackwell, C.S. (1983) Nuclear magnetic resonance of silica polymorphs. Nature: 303: 223-225.

Dupree, E. and Pettifer, R.F. (1984) Determination of the Si-O-Si angle distribution in vitreous silica by magic angle spinning NMR. Nature: 308: 523-525.

Coombs, P.G., De Natale, J.F., Hood, P.J., McElfresh, D.K., Wortman, R.S., and Shackelford, J.F. (1985) The nature of the Si-O-Si bond angle distribution in vitreous silica. Phil. Magazine: B51: L39-L42.

Gupta, R.P. (1985) Electronic structure of crystalline and amorphous silicon dioxide. Physical Review: B32: 8278-8292.

Galeener, F.L. and Wright, A.C. (1986) The J.C. Phillips model for vitreous SiO2: a critical appraisal. Solid State Commun.: 57: 677-682.

Gerber, T. and Himmel, B. (1986) The structure of silica glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 83: 324-334.

Goodman, C.H.L. (1986) The structure of silica glass and its surface. Phys. Chem. Glasses: 27: 27-31.

Kusabiraki, K. (1987) Infrared and Raman spectra of vitreous silica and sodium silicates containing titanium. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 95-96: 411-418.

Galeener, F.L. (1988) Current models for amorphous SiO2. In: The Physics and Technology of Amorphous SiO* (R.A.B. Devine, ed.) Plenum Press, New York, NY.

Griscom, D.L. (1989) Self-trapped holes in amorphous silicon dioxide. Physics review: B 40: 4224-4228.

Gladden, L.F. (1990b) Medium-range order in v-SiO2. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 119: 318-330.

Guttman, L. (1990) Ring structure of the crystalline and amorphous forms of silicon dioxide. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 116: 154-147.

Marians, C.S. and Burdett, J.K. (1990) Geometric constraints: a refined model for the structure of silica glass. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 124: 1-21.

Marians, C.S. and Hobbs, L.W. (1990) Local structure of silica glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 119: 269-282.

Young-nian, X. and Ching, W.Y. (1991) Electronic and optical properties of all polymorphic forms of silicon dioxide. Physical review: B44: 11048-11059.

Leko, V.K. (1993) The structure of vitreous silica. Glass Phys. Chem.: 19: 351-374.

Li, D., Bancroft, G.M., Kasrai, M., Fleet, M.E., Secco, R.A., Feng,X.H., Tan, K.H., and Yang, B.X. (1994): X-ray absorption spectroscopy of silicon dioxide (SiO2) polymorphs: the structural characterization of opal. American Mineralogist: 79: 622-632.

Wright, A.C. (1994) Neutron scatterng from vitreous silica. V. The structure of vitreous silica: what have we learned from 60 years of diffraction studies? Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 179: 84-115.

Di Pomponio, A., Continenza, Lozzi, A.A., Passacantando, L., Santucci, M., and Picozzi, P. (1995) Electronic properties of crystalline and amorphous SiO2 investigated via all-electron calculations and photoemission spectroscopy. Solid State Communications: 95: 313-317.

LeBail, A. (1995) Modelling the silica glass structure by the Rietveld method. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 183: 39-42.

Gaskell, P.H. and Wallis, D.J. (1996) Medum-range order in silica, the canonical network glass. Phys. Rev. Lett.: 76: 66-69.

MAuri, F., Pasquarello, A., Pfrommr, BG., Yoon, Y.-G., and Louie, S.G. (2000) Si-O-Si bond-angle distribution in vitreous silica from first principles 29Si NMR analysis. Phys. Rev.: B62: R4786-R4789.

Nakamura, M., Arai, M., Otomo, T., Inamura, Y., and Bennington, S.M. (2001) Dispersive excitation in different forms of SiO2 Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 293-295: 377-382.

Nakamura, M., Arai, M., Inamura, Y., and Otomo, T. (2003) Dynamical properties of vitreous silica around the first sharp diffraction peak. Phys. Rev.: B67: 064204.

Clark, T.M., Grandinetti, P.J., Florian, P., and Stebbins, J.F. (2004) Correlated structural distributions in silica glass. Phys. Rev.: B70: 064202.

Tucker, M.G., Keen, D.A., Dove, M.T., and Trachenko, K. (2005) Refinement of the Si-O-Si angle distribution in vitreous silica. Journal Phys. Condens. Matter: 17: S67-S75.

Uchino, T., Harrop, J.D., Taraskin, S.N., and Elliott, S.R. (2005) Real and reciprocal space structural correlations contributing to the first sharp diffraction peak in silica glass. Phys. Rev.: B71: 014202.

Internet Links for Silica

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    Localities for Silica

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Kennedy Co.
        • Fifield
    Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets
    Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets
      • Narromine Co.
        • Tomingley
    Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets
    Bolivia
     
    • Oruro Department
      • Cabrera Province
        • Salinas de Garci Mendoza
    USGS Bulletin # 1975, p. 150 & 248 (1992)
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Chañaral Province
        • Salitrosa-Porvenir district
    Sernageomin database 2006;Stgo de Chile
    Sernageomin database 2006;Stgo de Chile
        • Santa Rosa district
    Sernageomin database 2006;Stgo de Chile
    Sernageomin database 2006;Stgo de Chile
    India
     
    • Uttar Pradesh
    Lauretta, Dante S., Peter R. Buseck, and Thomas J. Zega (2001) Opaque minerals in the matrix of the Bishunpur (LL3.1) chondrite: constraints on the chondrule formation environment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta: 65(8)(15 April 2001): 1337-1353.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Iburi Province
    Africano & Bernard (2000), Jour. Volcanology & Geothermal Research: 97: 475-495.
    Pacific Ocean
     
    • East Pacific Rise
      • Juan de Fuca Ridge complex
    Geological Survey of Canada contribution number 1998185, abstract.
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Granada
    Bunch, T.E., Keil, K., and Olsen, E. (1970): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 25, 297-340.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Somerset
        • Cranmore
    Turner R.W. and Rumsey, M.S. (2007) Merehead Mineralogy - an Update. Russell Soc Newsletter, No 50, pp 17-18 (March 2007)
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Nome Borough
        • Port Clarence District
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10062115, MRDS ID #TC35372.
            • Warren
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10065038, MRDS ID #TC40028.
      • Gila Co.
        • San Carlos Indian Reservation
          • Bucket Mountain area
    Bromfield, C.S. and Shride, A.F. (1956) Mineral Resources of the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona. USGS Bull. 1027-N: 637; MRDS database Dep. ID #10209410, MAS ID #0040070554.
      • Greenlee Co.
        • Shannon Mts
          • Copper Mountain District (Clifton-Morenci District)
    MRDS database Dep. ID #10183075, MAS ID #0040110164.
    MRDS database Dep. ID #10062118, MRDS ID #TC35375.
      • Pima Co.
        • Ajo District
          • Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range
            • Copper Valley claims (Way Out claims; Kerns claims; Old Organ Pipe Cactus claims)
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10065022, MRDS ID #TC40010.
          • Chico Shuni Hills
            • Chico Shuni
              • San Antonio group of claims
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10065019, MRDS ID #TC40006.
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10105305, MRDS ID #TC38988.
        • Baboquivari Mts
          • Baboquivari District
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10065039, MRDS ID #TC40029.
        • Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10065021, MRDS ID #TC40009.
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10105327, MRDS ID #TC40001.
        • Quijotoa Mts
          • Quijotoa District
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10105328, MRDS ID #TC40007.
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10065020, MRDS ID #TC40008.
    MRDS database Dep. ID file #10065016, MRDS ID #TC40003.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Santa Catalina Mts
          • Oracle District (Control District; Old Hat District; Santa Catalina District)
            • Biosphere 2 area
    MRDS database Dep. ID #10062119, MRDS ID #TC35377.
    • Arkansas
    Jay Ellis Ransom,1974, Gems and Minerals of America
    • California
      • San Diego Co.
        • Jewel Valley
    Weber, F.H., Jr. (1963a) Mines and mineral resources of San Diego County, California. California Division of Mines and Geology County Report 3, 309 pp.: No. 346: 215; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 349.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009. Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph. Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here to register. Current server date and time: 8th Nov 2009 06:41:34