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Colemanite

Big Photo

Gharah Gol Boron Mine, Dandy District, Zanjan Province, Iran
© Maziar Nazari

Show Colemanite Photos (119)
Formula:
Ca[B
 
3
O
 
4
(OH)
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Colourless, white, ...
Hardness:4½
Name:
After William Tell Coleman (1824-1893), a founder of the California borax industry and owner of the mine where the mineral was first found.
This page provides mineralogical data about Colemanite.

Classification of Colemanite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:5/J.03-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:6.CB.10

6 : BORATES
C : Triborates
B : Ino-triborates
Dana 8th edition ID:26.3.5.1

26 : HYDRATED BORATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : Triborates
Hey's CIM Ref.:9.3.14

9 : Borates
3 : Borates of Ca and Sr
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-1108.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Colemanite

Type Locality:Furnace Creek District, Black Mts, Death Valley, Inyo Co., California, USA
Year of Discovery:1884

Occurrences of Colemanite

Geological Setting:Borate deposits formed in arid alkalai lacustrine environments.

Physical Properties of Colemanite

Lustre:Adamantine, Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Translucent
Colour:Colourless, white, yellowish, grey; colourless in transitted light
Hardness (Mohs):4½
Cleavage:Perfect
On {010} perfect; on {001} distinct.
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):2.423(5) g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.422 g/cm3

Crystallography of Colemanite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P21/b {P1 1 21/b} {P21/c} {P1 21/c 1} {P21/a}
Space Group Setting:P21/a
Cell Parameters:a = 8.712(2) Å, b = 11.247(3) Å, c = 6.091(1) Å
β = 110.12°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.775 : 1 : 0.542
Unit Cell Volume:V 560.40 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:2
Morphology:Crystals commonly short prismatic [001] with large (110), large to small (001) and complex terminations; pseudo-rhombohedral with large (110) and (301); pseudo-octahedral with large (221) and (011). Massive, cleavable to granular and compact.
Crystal Atlas:
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Colemanite no.6 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Colemanite no.46 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

About Crystal Atlas

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The mindat.org Crystal Atlas allows you to view a selection of crystal drawings of real and idealised crystal forms for this mineral and, in certain cases, 3d rotating crystal objects. You need Java to see these. You can download Java for free - click here to download Java

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X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Colemanite

Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values: nα = 1.586 nβ = 1.592 nγ = 1.614
2V:Measured: 55° to 56°, Calculated: 56°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.028

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:relatively weak r > v

Chemical Properties of Colemanite

Formula:
Ca[B
 
3
O
 
4
(OH)
 
3
] · H
 
2
O
Essential elements:B, Ca, H, O
All elements listed in formula:B, Ca, H, O

Relationship of Colemanite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
6.CB.15Hydroboracite
CaMg[B
 
3
O
 
4
(OH)
 
3
]
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
6.CB.20Howlite
Ca
 
2
B
 
5
SiO
 
9
(OH)
 
5
6.CB.25Jarandolite
Ca[B
 
3
O
 
4
(OH)
 
3
]
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
9.3.1Calciborite
Ca[B
 
2
O
 
4
]
9.3.2Sibirskite
Ca
 
2
[(OH)(B
 
2
O
 
4
(OH))]
9.3.3Fabianite
CaB
 
3
O
 
5
OH
9.3.4Uralborite
Ca
 
2
[B
 
3
O
 
3
(OH)
 
5
·OB(OH)
 
3
]
9.3.5Vimsite
CaB
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
4
9.3.6Olshanskyite
Ca
 
3
[OH|{B(OH)
 
4
}
 
2
]
 
2
9.3.7Frolovite
Ca[B(OH)
 
4
]
 
2
9.3.8Korzhinskite
CaB
 
2
O
 
4
·H
 
2
O
9.3.9Tyretskite
Ca
 
2
B
 
5
O
 
9
OH·H
 
2
O
9.3.10Nifontovite
CaB
 
2
O
 
4
·2.3H
 
2
O
9.3.12Inyoite
Ca(H
 
4
B
 
3
O
 
7
)(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
9.3.13Gowerite
Ca[B
 
5
O
 
8
(OH)][B(OH)
 
3
]·3H
 
2
O
9.3.15Pentahydroborite
CaB
 
2
O(OH)
 
6
 · 2H
 
2
O
9.3.16Hexahydroborite
Ca[B(OH)
 
4
]
 
2
 · 6H
 
2
O
9.3.17Meyerhofferite
Ca
 
2
(H
 
3
B
 
3
O
 
7
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
9.3.18Priceite
Ca
 
2
B
 
5
O
 
7
(OH)
 
5
·H
 
2
O
9.3.19Ginorite
Ca
 
2
B
 
14
O
 
23
·8H
 
2
O
9.3.20Probertite
NaCaB
 
5
O
 
7
(OH)
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
9.3.21Ulexite
NaCa[B
 
5
O
 
6
(OH)
 
6
] · 5H
 
2
O
9.3.22Hydroboracite
CaMg[B
 
3
O
 
4
(OH)
 
3
]
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
9.3.23Inderborite
CaMg(H
 
3
B
 
3
O
 
7
)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
9.3.24Wardsmithite
Ca
 
5
Mg[B
 
4
O
 
7
]
 
6
 · 30H
 
2
O
9.3.25Henmilite
Ca
 
2
Cu(OH)
 
4
|[B(OH)
 
4
]
 
2
9.3.26Strontioborite
SrB
 
8
O
 
11
(OH)
 
4
9.3.27Veatchite
Sr
 
2
B
 
11
O
 
16
(OH)
 
5
·H
 
2
O
9.3.28Veatchite-A
Sr
 
2
B
 
11
O
 
16
(OH)
 
5
·H
 
2
O
9.3.29 P-Veatchite
9.3.30 Balavinskite
Sr
 
2
B
 
6
O
 
11
·4H
 
2
O
9.3.31Tunellite
SrB
 
6
O
 
9
(OH)
 
2
·3H
 
2
O
9.3.32Strontioginorite
(Sr,Ca)
 
2
B
 
14
O
 
23
·8H
 
2
O

Other Names for Colemanite

Synonyms:
BorsparNeocolemanite
Other Languages:
French:Colémanite
German:Colemanit
Neocolemanit
Italian:Colemanite
Polish:Colemanit
Russian:Колеманит
Spanish:Colemanita
Neocolemanita
Ukrainian:Колеманіт

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Bright pale yellow fluorescence, may phosphoresce pale green.
Electrical:Pyroelectric and piezoelectric at very low temperatures.
Other Information:Soluble in hot HCl, with the separation of boric acid upon cooling. Very slightly soluble in water (1 part in 1,100 at 20°-25°).
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:Ore of boron.

References for Colemanite

Reference List:Neuschwander in Hanks (1883) Third Report of the State Mineralogist, California: 86.

Evans, J.T. (1884), Colemanite: Calif. Acad. Sci. Bull. 1: 57-59.

Jackson, A.W., Jr. (1884) On colemanite, a new borate of lime, Amer. Jour. Sci., 3rd. series: 28: 447-448.

Evans, J.T. (1885), The chemical properties and relations of colemanite: Calif. Acad. Sci. Bull. 1, No. 2: 37-42.

Hiortdahl, Th. (1885), Colemanit, ein krystallisirtes Kalkborat aus Californien: Vidensk, selsk. Christiania Forh., 1884, n o. 10, 8: pp., 1885 [also Zeitschr. Kristallographic, Band 10, pp. 25-31, 1885].

Jackson, A.W., Jr. (1885), On the morphology of colemanite, Calif. Acad. Sci., 1st. series, Bull. 2: 3-36.

Whitfield (1887) American Journal of Science: 34: 281.

Mülheims, A. (1888), Über eine neue Art der Axenwinkelmessung und über die Bestimmung von Brechungsexponenten nach der Methode der Totalreflexion – Colemanit von Californien: Zeitschr. Kristallogrphic, Band 14: 202-236.

Ley analysis in: Kraut (1897) Zs. Anal. Chem.: 36: 165.

Baumhauer (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 30: 97.

Eakle (1902) University of California Department of Geology, Bulletin 3: 31

Morgan and Tallmon (1904) Amerrican Journal of Science: 18: 363.

Eakle (1911) University of California, Department of Geology Bulletin 6: 179 (as Neocolemanite).

Hutchinson (1912) Mineralogical Magazine: 16: 239.

Goldschmidt, V. (1913) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text, vol. 2: 176.

Hicks in: Gale (1913) USGS Professional Paper 85A: 7.

McNairn (1917) Transactions of the Royal Canadian Institute: 11: 231.

Rogers (1919) American Mineralogist: 4: 135.

Foshag (1921) Economic Geology: 16: 199.

Hintze, Carl (1922) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [4A]: 180.

Van Arkel and Fritzius (1931) Recueil des travaux chimiques des Pays-Bas et de la Belgique, Leyden: 50: 1035.

Larsen, E.S. and Berman, H. (1934) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, Second edition, USGS Bulletin 848.

Boky (1937) Bull. ac. sc. U.R.S.S., Cl. sci. mat. nat., Ser. chim.: 871.

Godlevsky (1937) Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, Leningrad, Zapiski: 66(2): 353.

Nikolsky (1940) C.r. ac. sc. U.R.S.S.: 28: 59;...Mineral Abstracts: 9: 44 (1944).

Dér (1941) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 103: 431.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 349-353.

Christ, C.L., J.R. Clark & H.T. Evans (1954), The structure of colemanite, CaB3O4(OH)3•H2O, determined by the direct method of Hauptman and Karle: Acta Crystallographica: 7: 453-454.

Schröder, Alfred & Wolfgang Hoffmann (1956), Zur optic des Colemanits: Neues del Jahr. Min.,: 265-271.

Christ, C.L., J.R. Clark & H.T. Evans (1958): The crystal structure of colemanite, CaB2O4(OH)3 • H2O: Acta. Cryst.: 11: 761-770.

Perloff, A. and Block, S. (1960) Low-temperature phase transition of colemanite. American Mineralogist: 45: 229.

Pemberton, H.E. (1973) Colemanite: type locality and describer. Mineralogical Record: 4: 272-274.

Canadian Mineralogist (1993): 31: 297-304.

Grew, E.S., and Anovitz, L.M. (1996) BORON: Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, second edition, as revised (2002).

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 158.

Internet Links for Colemanite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Colemanite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Colemanite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Colemanite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Jujuy
      • Coranzuli
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 352.
    • Salta
      • Salar Del Hombre Muerto
      • Sijes
    		www.sijes.com.ar
    www.sijes.com.ar
    www.sijes.com.ar
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Sud Lípez Province
    		USGS Bulletin # 1975, p. 254 (1992)
    Canada
     
    • New Brunswick
      • Kings Co.
    		Canadian Mineralogist: 43: 1469-1487.
        • Sussex
          • Cardwell Parish
            • Penobsquis
    		Canadian Mineralogist (1981): 19: 291-301.
    Greece
     
    • Aegean Islands (Aiyaíon) Department
      • Sámos Prefecture
        • Sámos Island
    		Econ Geol (1989)84:788-798
    Iran
     
    • Zanjan Province
      • Dandy District
    		M Nazari collection
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Atyrau Oblysy (Atyrau Oblast')
      • Atyrau (Gur'yev)
    		No reference listed
    Pekov, I. (1998) Minerals First discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union 369p. Ocean Pictures, Moscow
    Serbia
     
    • Jarandol Basin
      • Balevats
        • Bella Stena (Bela Stena)
    		Econ Geol (1992) 87:2169-2174
    Econ Geol (1992) 87:2169-2174
    S. V. Malinko et al.: New Data on Minerals 39:26-31 (200)
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Kütahya Province
        • Emet
          • Emet Borate deposit
    		J.W. Anthony, R.A. Bideaux, K.W. Bladh, M.C. Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. V (2003)
    American Mineralogist; April 1979; v. 64; no. 3-4; p. 362-366
    • Central Anatolia Region
      • Eskisehir Province
    		CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27
      • Yozgat Province
    		http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/T%FCrkei/Eskisehir/Kirka/Sarikaya; Baysal, O. (1972) : A mineralogical study and genesis of Sarıkaya (Kırka) borate deposits. Hacettepe University, Ankara.
    • Marmara Region
      • Balikesir Province
        • Biga peninsula
        • Bigadiç
    		CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27
          • Çamköy
    		Meixner, H. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 445-455.
    Meixner, H. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 445-455.
          • Faraşköy (Faraş)
    		CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina; A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27
          • Iskeleköy (Iskele)
    		Meixner, H. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 445-455.
      • Bursa Province
        • Mustafa Kemalpafla
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Maricopa Co.
    		Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 56.
      • Yuma Co.
        • Gila Bend
    		MRDS database Dep ID file #10092989, MRDS ID #RL10063.
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Death Valley
          • 20 Mule Team Canyon
    		AmMin (1965) 50:629-640.; Am Min (1959) 44:911-919
          • Black Mts
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 352.
    Mineralogical Record: 20(5): 387; Mineralogical Record: 27: 35-40.
              • Corkscrew Canyon
    		www.mineralsocal.org; American Mineralogist (1961): 46: 560-571.
    Foshag, William Frederick (1939), New Mineral names – priceite: American Mineralogist: 24: 728; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 295.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 342.
              • Gower Gulch
    		Korbel & Novak, 1999. Min.Encylopaedia, p.133
    www.mineralsocal.org; Am Min (1959) 44:911-919; Am Min 64:3-4 pp 369-375; American Mineralogist: 55: 349-357
    American Mineralogist (1979): 64(3-4): 369-375.
              • Mount Blanco
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 359; Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1916b), Inyoite and meyerhofferite, two new calcium borates: USGS Bulletin 610: 35; Foshag, William Frederick (1924), The world’s biggest borax deposits (California and Nevada): Engineering & Mining Journal: 118: 420; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 264, 376.
    Am Min 64:3-4 pp 369-375
    [www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
          • Death Valley National Monument
            • Furnace Creek Borate District
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 256.
              • Ryan
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California: 246.
    Erd, R.C., J.F. McAllister, and A.C. Vlisidis (1970) Wardsmithite 5CaO • MgO •12B2O3 •30H2O, a new borate mineral from the Death Valley region, California. American Mineralogist: 55: 349-357.
            • Greenwater Range
              • Furnace Creek Borate District
                • Amargosa Valley
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1978) Hydroboracite from the Furnace Creek formation. Mineralogical Record: 9: 246.
                • Ryan
    		Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 246.
          • Ryan
    		Am Min (1931), 16:338-341
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    www.mineralsocal.org
    Rock Currier, Collected them in the mine.; Rock Currier
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Countryman, R.L. (1977): Hydroboracite from the Amargosa desert, eastern California. Mineralogical Record 8, 503-504
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Kern Co.
        • Kramer District
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
                • Baker mine
    		No reference listed
    Richard Dale Collection
      • Los Angeles Co.
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 352.
          • Tick Canyon
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 348; Rocks & Minerals: 11: 156.; Kramer, H.C. & R.D. Allen (1956), A restudy of bakerite, priceite, and veatchite, American Mineralogist: 41: 689-700.
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Amargosa River
    		Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 62; Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 855; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 377.
        • Barstow
          • Lead Mountain
    		Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
        • Calico Mts
          • Calico District (Daggett District)
            • Calico-Daggett Borate Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 418.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 352.
        • East Kramer Colemanite Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Fort Irwin Area
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Am Min 49:543-555
        • Lone Star Range
    		Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 62; Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 774-899; […(abstract): Geol. Zentralbl., Band 27: 394]: 855; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
        • Owlshead Mts
    		Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 62, 102; Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 855; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 295.
    Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 62; Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 855; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
        • Slate Range
    		Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 63; Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 856; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
    Collection of NHM, Vienna
      • Ventura Co.
        • Frazier Park
          • Mount Pinos
    		Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1914a), The origin of colemanite deposits: USGS PP 85: 5; Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1914c), Borate deposits in Ventura County, California: USGS Bulletin 540: 440; Tucker, W. Burling & Reid J. Sampson (1932), Ventura County: California Mining Bureau. Report 28: 259-262; Carman, M.F., Jr. (1964), Geology of the Lockwood Valley area, Kern and Ventura Counties, California California Division Mines & Geology, Special Report 81; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 250.
        • Ventura County Borate District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
        • Ventura County Borate District - Stauffer District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
          • Frazier Mountain
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Muddy Mountains
          • Muddy Mountains District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 352.
    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 352.
        • Muddy Mountains District
          • White Basin
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    Korbel & Novak, 1999. Min.Encylopaedia, p.133
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Mineral and/or Locality
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