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Coloradoite

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Big Photo

Keystone Mine, Magnolia District, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
© Van King

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Formula:
HgTe
System:IsometricColour:Iron black tending ...
Hardness:2½
Member of:Sphalerite Group
Name:Named in 1877 by Frederick Genth for the type localities which are in Colorado.
This page provides mineralogical data about Coloradoite.

Classification of Coloradoite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/C.01-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.CB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 8th edition ID:2.8.2.5

2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:3.5.8

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
5 : Sulphides etc. of Hg and Tl
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Type Occurrence of Coloradoite

Co-type Localities:Smuggler Mine, Balarat District, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
Keystone Mine, Magnolia District, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
Mountain Lion Mine - Keystone Vein, Magnolia District, Boulder Co., Colorado, USA
Year of Discovery:1877

Occurrences of Coloradoite

Geological Setting:Hydrothermal, tellurium bearing precious metal veins.

Physical Properties of Coloradoite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Iron black tending toward gray
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Hardness (Vickers):VHN100=25 - 28 kg/mm2
Tenacity:Brittle
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density (measured):8.10 g/cm3
Density (calculated):8.092 g/cm3

Crystallography of Coloradoite

Crystal System:Isometric
Class (H-M):m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Cell Parameters:a = 6.453Å
Unit Cell Volume:V 268.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Massive, granular

Optical Data of Coloradoite

Type:Anisotropic
Anisotropism:Moderate, dark brownish red to blue-gray
Colour in reflected light:White with a slight grayish brown tint, tarnishing to dull purple

Chemical Properties of Coloradoite

Formula:
HgTe
Essential elements:Hg, Te
All elements listed in formula:Hg, Te
Common Impurities:Pb

Relationship of Coloradoite to other Species

Member of:Sphalerite Group
Other Members of Group:

- +
Common Associates:
TetrahedriteTennantiteSphaleritePyrrhotitePyrite
PetziteKrenneriteGoldGalenaChalcopyrite
CalaveriteAltaite
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
2.CB.05aHawleyite
CdS
2.CB.05aMetacinnabar
HgS
2.CB.05cPolhemusite
(Zn,Hg)S
2.CB.05bSakuraiite
(Cu,Zn,Fe)
 
3
(In,Sn)S
 
4
2.CB.05aSphalerite
ZnS
2.CB.05aStilleite
ZnSe
2.CB.05aTiemannite
HgSe
2.CB.05UM1998-15-S:CuFeZn
Cu
 
2
Fe
 
3
Zn
 
5
S
 
10
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite
(Fe,Zn)S
2.CB.10aChalcopyrite
CuFeS
 
2
2.CB.10aEskebornite
CuFeSe
 
2
2.CB.10aGallite
CuGaS
 
2
2.CB.10bHaycockite
Cu
 
4
Fe
 
5
S
 
8
2.CB.10aLenaite
AgFeS
 
2
2.CB.10bMooihoekite
Cu
 
9
Fe
 
9
S
 
16
2.CB.10bPutoranite
Cu
 
9
(Fe,Ni)
 
9
S
 
16
2.CB.10aRoquesite
CuInS
 
2
2.CB.10bTalnakhite
Cu
 
9
(Fe,Ni)
 
8
S
 
16
2.CB.10aLaforêtite
AgInS
 
2
2.CB.15aČernýite
Cu
 
2
(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15aFerrokesterite
Cu
 
2
(Fe,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15aHocartite
Ag
 
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15aIdaite
Cu
 
5
FeS
 
6
2.CB.15aKesterite
Cu
 
2
(Zn,Fe)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15aKuramite
Cu
 
3
SnS
 
4
2.CB.15bMohite
Cu
 
2
SnS
 
3
2.CB.15aPirquitasite
Ag
 
2
ZnSnS
 
4
2.CB.15aStannite
Cu
 
2
(Fe,Zn)SnS
 
4
2.CB.15cStannoidite
Cu
+
6
Cu
2+
2
(Fe
2+
 
,Zn)
 
3
Sn
 
2
S
 
12
2.CB.15aVelikite
(Cu,Hg)
 
11
Sn
 
4
S
 
16
2.CB.15cUM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZn
Cu
 
8
(Fe,Zn)
 
3
Ge
 
2
S
 
12
 (?)
2.CB.20Chatkalite
Cu
 
6
FeSn
 
2
S
 
8
2.CB.20Mawsonite
Cu
 
6
Fe
 
2
SnS
 
8
2.CB.30Colusite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(As,Sn,Sb)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Germanite
Cu
 
13
Fe
 
2
Ge
 
2
S
 
16
2.CB.30Germanocolusite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(Ge,As)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Nekrasovite
Cu
 
26
V
 
2
(Sn,As,Sb)
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Stibiocolusite
Cu
 
13
V
 
4
(Sb,Sn,As)
 
3
S
 
16
2.CB.30Ovamboite
Cu
 
20
(Fe,Cu,Zn)
 
6
W
 
2
Ge
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.30Maikainite
Cu
 
20
(Fe,Cu)
 
6
Mo
 
2
Ge
 
6
S
 
32
2.CB.35aHemusite
Cu
 
6
SnMoS
 
8
2.CB.35aKiddcreekite
Cu
 
6
SnWS
 
8
2.CB.35aPolkovicite
(Fe,Pb)
 
3
(Ge,Fe)
 
1-x
S
 
4
2.CB.35aRenierite
(Cu,Zn)
 
11
(Ge,As)
 
2
Fe
 
4
S
 
16
2.CB.35aVinciennite
Cu
+
7
Cu
2+
3
Fe
2+
2
Fe
3+
2
Sn(As,Sb)S
 
16
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite
(Pb,Fe)
 
3
Ge
 
1-x
S
 
4
2.CB.35bCatamarcaite
Cu
 
6
GeWS
 
8
2.CB.40Lautite
CuAsS
2.CB.45Cadmoselite
CdSe
2.CB.45Greenockite
CdS
2.CB.45Wurtzite
(Zn,Fe)S
2.CB.45Rambergite
MnS
2.CB.45Buseckite
(Fe,Zn,Mn)S
2.CB.55aCubanite
CuFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.55bIsocubanite
CuFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.60Picotpaulite
TlFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.60Raguinite
TlFeS
 
2
2.CB.65Argentopyrite
AgFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.65Sternbergite
AgFe
 
2
S
 
3
2.CB.70Sulvanite
Cu
 
3
VS
 
4
2.CB.75Vulcanite
CuTe
2.CB.80Empressite
AgTe
2.CB.85Muthmannite
AuAgTe
 
2
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
3.5.1Cinnabar
HgS
3.5.2Hypercinnabar
HgS
3.5.3Metacinnabar
HgS
3.5.4Imiterite
Ag
 
2
HgS
 
2
3.5.5Tiemannite
HgSe
3.5.6Balkanite
Cu
 
9
Ag
 
5
HgS
 
8
3.5.7Danielsite
(Cu,Ag)
 
14
HgS
 
8
3.5.9Gortdrumite
(Cu,Fe)
 
6
Hg
 
2
S
 
5
3.5.10Polhemusite
(Zn,Hg)S
3.5.11Carlinite
Tl
 
2
S
3.5.12Crookesite
Cu
 
7
(Tl, Ag)Se
 
4
3.5.13Sabatierite
Cu
 
6
TlSe
 
4
3.5.14Picotpaulite
TlFe
 
2
S
 
3
3.5.15Raguinite
TlFeS
 
2
3.5.16Thalcusite
Tl
 
2
Cu
 
3
FeS
 
4
3.5.17Bukovite
Tl
 
2
(Cu,Fe)
 
4
Se
 
4
3.5.18Gallite
CuGaS
 
2
3.5.19Roquesite
CuInS
 
2
3.5.20Indite
FeIn
 
2
S
 
4

Other Names for Coloradoite

Other Languages:
German:Coloradoit
Koloradoit
Russian:Колорадоит
Simplified Chinese:碲汞矿
Spanish:Coloradoita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Coloradoite

Reference List:

- +
Genth (1877), Am. Phil Soc., Proceedings: 17: 115.

Hillebrand, William Francis (1899), Mineralogical notes: melonite (?), coloradoite, petzite, hessite: Am. Jour. Sci., 4th. series: 8: 295-298.

Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 834pp.: 218-219.

Internet Links for Coloradoite

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  • Coloradoite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    • Localities for Coloradoite

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Western Australia
        • Kalgoorlie-Boulder
    		Canadian Mineralogist (2003) 41, 1503-1524
    Robert Noble specimen
    Econ Geol (1997) 92:468-484
    Rocks & Minerals (2010) 85:426-431
    Robert Noble specimen
    Austria
     
    • Salzburg
      • St Johann im Pongau
        • Mitterberg District
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    Burkina Faso
     
    • East Region
      • Gnagna Province
        • Piela Department
          • Diabatou
    		Klemd, Reiner ; Oberthür, T. ; Quedraogo, A.: Gold-telluride mineralization in the Birimian at Diabatou, Burkina Faso: the role of fluids. In: J. Afr. Earth Sci. (1997), Nr. 24, S. 227-239
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Clinton Mining Division
        • 100 Mile House
          • Hawkins Lake
    		Blann, D., and Ridley, D. (2006): Geology and Prospecting Report on the Hawk Property, Clinton Mining Division. Standard Metals Exploration Ltd., Squamish, BC, 20 pp.
      • Osoyoos Mining Division
        • Olalla
    		Robert C. Smit, II Ph.D P.G.
    • Manitoba
      • Flin Flon District
        • Bear Lake
    		Olivo & Theyer (2004) CM 42, 667
    • Ontario
      • Cochrane District
        • Timmins Area
          • Porcupine Mining District
            • Tisdale Township
    		ontariominerals.com
      • Kenora District
        • Red Lake Gold District
          • Balmertown
    		Rocks & Minerals 79:2 pp94-99
      • Thunder Bay District
        • Marathon
    		ontariominerals.com
      • Timiskaming District
        • Kirkland Lake area
          • Teck Township
    		Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30
    Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30
    Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30
    Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30
    Geological Survey of Canada Paper 73-30
    • Québec
      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
        • La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM
          • Val d'Or
    		Sabina (2003) 186.
        • Rouyn-Noranda TE
    		Am Min (1948) 31:515-526
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Chañaral Province
        • Diego de Almagro
          • Potrerillos
    		Maksaev, V., Townley, B., Palacios, C., and Camus, F. (2007): Metallic ore deposits. In: Moreno, T., and Gibbons, W. (editors): The Geology of Chile. The Geological Society (London), pp. 414.
    China
     
    • Gansu Province
      • Dingxi Prefecture
        • Min Co.
    		Yanming Lu, Hanguang Li, Yonggan Chen, Guoli Zhang, Yujie Zhang, and Zhenhua Li (2006): Geology and Prospecting 42(4), 25-31; Xinhui Liu, Mingshen Feng, Jiajun Liu, Minwu Liu, and Yongwen Zhang (2011): Gold Science and Technology 19(4), 6-12
    • Heilongjiang Province (Manchuria; Dongbei Region)
      • Heihe Prefecture
        • Aihui District
    		Jun Lü, Xuguang Liu, Zhenzhe Han, Aikui Zhang, Handong Zhao, and Derong Li (2009): Geology and Exploration 45(4), 395-401; Xuxing Yu, Hong Xu, Xiangke Wu, Lijun Yang, Zhu Tian, Shen Gao, and Qiushu Wang (2012): Acta Petrologica Sinica 28(1), 345-356
    • Henan Province
      • Luoyang Prefecture
        • Luoning Co.
    		Zhenkuan Luo, Kang Guan, Manzhi Wang, and Chuantai Wang (1999): Guizhou Geology 5(3), 69-74
    • Jiangxi Province
      • Jiujiang Prefecture
        • Ruichang Co.
    		Qiuming Chen (1990): Nonferrous Metallurgy Design and Research 11(4), 15-22
    • Shandong Province
      • Linyi Prefecture
        • Pingyi Co.
          • Tongshi complex
    		Qiu Jiansheng, Wang Dezi, Ren Qijiang, and McInnes, B.I.A. (1999): Journal of China University of Geosciences 10(1).
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Jílové (Eule)
          • Jílové Gold mining District
            • Bohuliby
    		Lapis 2000(4), 13-30
            • Studené (Kaltengrund)
    		Lapis 2000(4), 13-30
      • Liberec Region
        • Jablonec nad Nisou
          • Jílové u Držkova
    		Mineralogy and geology prospecting, ČGO
    Fiji
     
    • Viti Levu
      • Tavua Gold Field
        • Vatukoula
    		D. W. Pals and P. G. Spry "Telluride mineralogy of the low-sulfidation" Mineralogy and Petrology (2003) 79: 285–307; Econ.Geol.: 83; 395-404; Econ Geol (1987) 82:345-370; Naden, Jon; Henney, P.J.. 1995 Characterisation of gold from Fiji. Nottingham, UK, British Geological Survey, 58pp. (WC/95/041) (Unpublished)
    16th Australian Geological Convention, Adelaide,
    J.M. Boirat and J. Lum, Chron. Rech. Min., N° 486, 1987, pp 55-62, BRGM.
    Finland
     
    • Western and Inner Finland Region
      • Orivesi
    		Economic Geology (1996) 91:1335-1353
    France
     
    • Corsica
      • Haute-Corse
        • Corte
    		F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147
          • Soveria
    		F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147
          • Vivario
    		F. Aye, J. Bouladon, P. Picot, G. Pouit : "Quelques exemples d'apport de la minéralogie à la connaissance et à la recherche des gîtes minéraux" , Bull. Mineral. , 1978, 101, 139-147
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Hautes-Alpes
        • Saint-Véran
    		P. Picot, Z. Johan : "Atlas of Ore Minerals", BRGM, Elsevier, 1982
    Ghana
     
    • Western Region
      • Ashanti gold belt
        • Obuasi
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1990 54 : 617-627
    Guyana
     
    • Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region
      • Omai
    		www.mineralogicalassociation.ca/doc/abstracts/cm3_Vol37_Jun99.pdf.
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Recsk
    		No reference listed
    India
     
    • Orissa
    		CanMin 40:277-309
    Iran
     
    • West Azarbaijan Province (West Azerbaijan Province)
      • Takab (Takan Tepe)
    		Asadi, H.H., Voncken, J.H.L, Kühnel, R.A., and Hale, M. (2000): Mineralium Deposita 35, 656-671.
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Furtei
          • Furtei mine
    		Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19.
    Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19.
    Ruggieri, G., Lattanzi, P., Luxoro, S., Dessi, R., Benvenuti. M, & Tanelli, G., 1997. Geology, Mineralogy and Fluid Inclusion Data of the Furtei High Sulfidation Gold Deposit, Sardinia, Italy. Economic Geology, 92 (1), 1-19.
    • Tuscany
      • Lucca Province
        • Apuan Alps
          • Stazzema
            • Ponte Stazzemese
    		Dini A., Orlandi P. (1995) - Coloradoite from Buca della Vena Mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy - Atti Soc. tosc. Sc. nat. - Mem. serie A, 102, pag. 47-50
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido
    		Mineralogical Journal Vol. 14 (1989) , No. 7 pp 299-302
    • Honshu Island
      • Tohoku Region
        • Aomori Prefecture
          • Shimokita peninsula
            • Mutsu City
    		Aoki (1988) Sanko-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 60.
    Mexico
     
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Moctezuma
        • Moctezuma
    		No reference listed
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Waikato
        • Thames-Coromandel
          • Thames
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Philippines
     
    • Luzon
      • Cordillera Administrative Region
        • Benguet Province
          • Baguio District
    		Econ.Geol.: 83; 395-404; Econ Geol (1996) 91:243-272
    Romania
     
    • Hunedoara Co.
      • Deva
    		L. Bindi & C. Cipriani (2004) Eur. J. Mineral. 16, 835-838; Cook, N. J., Ciobanu, C. L., Capraru, N., Damian, G., & Cristea, P. (2005). Mineral assemblages from the vein salband at Sacarimb, Golden Quadrilateral, Romania: II. Tellurides. Geokhimiia, Mineralogiia i Petrologiia, 43, 56-63.
    G. Cioflica, R. Jude, M. Lupulescu, G. Simon, G. Damian (1993) The tellurides of the Romanian Neogene ore deposits - "Current Research in Geology Applied to Ore Deposits" Eds: Fenoll Hach-Ali, Torres-Ruiz & Gervilla, Granada, Spain, pp 73-76.
    Russia
     
    • Eastern-Siberian Region
      • Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia)
    		[World of Stones 12:49]
          • Aldan
            • Kuranakh Au Deposit
    		Mills, S. J., Kampf, A. R., Kolitsch, U., Housley, R. M. & Raudsepp, M. (2010) The crystal chemistry and crystal structure of kuksite, Pb3Zn3Te6+P2O14, and a note on the crystal structure of yafsoanite, (Ca,Pb)3Zn(TeO6)2. American Mineralogist, 95(7), 933–938.
    • Urals Region
    		Mineralogy of Ural: native elements, carbides, sulphides, - Sverdlovsk, 1990, p. 104.
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Pervomayskiy
    		Lehmann, B., Heinhorst, J., Hein, U., Neumann, M., Weisser, J.D., and Fedesejev, V. (1999): Mineralium Deposita 34, 241-249.
    Vikentyev I.V. e.a. (2004) Gold and PGE in massive sulfide ore of the Uzelginsk deposit, Southern Urals, Russia, - Can. Miner., v.42, p.2, pp.651-665.
          • Verkhneural'sk District
            • Mezhozerny settlement
    		Amplieva, E.E. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(5), 404-422.
        • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
          • Gay
    		Vikent'ev, I.V., Moloshag, V.P. and Yudovskaya, M.A. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(2), 77-107.
          • Mednogorsk District
            • Sakmara Zone
    		Simonov, V.A., Kovyazin, S.V., Terenya, E.O., Maslennikov, V.V., Zaykov, V.V., and Maslennikova, S.P. (2006): Geology of Ore Deposits 48(5), 369-383.
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
    		http://www.minsoc.org.za/pubs/BaseMetals2003.pdf
    H.F.J. Theart and C.D. de Nooy (2001) The Platinum Group Minerals in two parts of the Massive Sulphide Body of the Uitkomst Complex, Mpumalanga, South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY, VOLUME 104, PAGE 287-300
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Namaqualand
    		Min Rec 35:4 pp289-317
    Sweden
     
    • Västerbotten
      • Malå
    		Journal of Geochemical Exploration 42, 301–325
      • Skellefteå
    		International Geological Congress (2008) MRD-06 The Algtrask intrusive-hosted Au (-Cu) deposit, Sweden
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Brig
        • Bitsch
          • Massa Gorge
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Wepf (Basel), p. 119.
    USA
     
    • Alaska
      • Matanuska-Susitna Borough
        • Willow Creek District
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2008, Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1225.
    • California
      • Calaveras Co.
        • Mother Lode Belt
          • Carson Hill District
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    Knopf, Adolf (1929), The Mother Lode system of California: USGS Professional Paper 157, 88 pp.: 39; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 125.
          • Melones District
            • Melones
    		Mineralogical Record (1989) 20:129-142
      • Tuolumne Co.
        • Mother Lode belt
          • Jamestown District
            • Jamestown
    		Native gold from the Jamestown Mine, Tuolumne County, California, Mineralogical Record, Jan 1994 by Nelson, Genne Myers, Leicht, Wayne
        • Tuttletown
    		Dana, E.S. (1892) System of Mineralogy, 6th. Edition, New York; Appendix 2 (1909), by Dana, E.S. and W.E. Ford: 30; Hillebrand, William Francis (1900), Mineralogical notes: SS Bulletin 167: 62; Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 155, 219; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 109, 125.
    • Colorado
      • Boulder Co.
        • Balarat District
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 158, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997; Dana 7:I:219.
        • Boulder Co. Tungsten District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
        • Caribou District
          • Grand Island
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Dana 7:I:219.
        • Gold Hill District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
          • Gold Hill
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997)
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
        • Jamestown District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 223
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Dana 7:I:219.
        • Magnolia District
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 158, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 223
    "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 158, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
        • Sugarloaf District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
        • Ward District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Clear Creek Co.
        • Georgetown District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
        • Lamartine District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 223; U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 319
      • Gunnison Co.
        • Vulcan District (Cebolla District; Domingo District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Hinsdale Co.
        • Lake City District (Lake District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
          • Lake City
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • La Plata Co.
        • La Plata District (California District)
    		Rocks & Min.:64:500.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
      • Lake Co.
        • Alicante
          • Buckeye Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Montezuma Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • San Juan Co.
        • Red Mountain District
          • Brown's Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Teller Co.
        • Cripple Creek District
          • Eclipse Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado. Eckel, et al.
          • Gold Hill
    		Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    Min Rec 36:2 pp143-185
    • Montana
      • Jefferson Co.
        • Whitehall District (Cardwell District)
    		Spry, P.G., Foster, F., Truckle, J.S., and Chadwick, T.H. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 59, 143-164.; Economic Geology,(1996) Vol. 91-3, pp.507-526
      • Madison Co.
        • Norwegian District (Whitehall District)
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1996 60 : 871-876
    • Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Potosi District
          • Adam Peak
    		MinRec 19:253-257
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Round Mountain District
    		[MinRec 22:181]
      • Washoe Co.
        • Olinghouse District
    		R&M 79:1 p44-54
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    A Listing of North Carolina Minerals- Leonard S. Wiener and Sigrid Ballew-1995
      • Cabarrus Co.
    		Callahan,J.E,Craig,J.R,Solberg,T.N,1995,Telluride mineralization of the southeastern United States,Southeastern Geology,v.35,no.3,pg.139-151
      • Montgomery Co.
        • Carolina Slate Belt
    		Callahan,J.E., J.R Craig, and T.N. Solberg,1995, Telluride mineralization of the southeastern United States, Southeastern Geology 35: 139- 151
    Uzbekistan
     
    • Tashkent Viloyati (Toshkent)
      • Angren Region
        • Chatkal-Kuraminskii Range
    		Kovalenker, V. et al New Data on Minerals (2003): 38: 45-56
    Pasi Eilu (2003) Exploration for orogenic gold deposits. Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining 2003 Rovaniemi, Finland December 2003; Rustam Koneev, Evgeniy Ignatikov, Arpay Turesebekov, Umid Aripov, Rustam Khalmatov, Obidjon Kodirov, Miraziz Usmanov (2005) Gold ore deposits of Uzbekistan: Geochemistry and nanomineralogy of tellurium and selenium. IGCP Project 486, 2005 Field Workshop, Kiten, Bulgaria, 14-19 September 2005
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Mashonaland West
      • Kadoma District
    		Econ.Geol.: 83; 395-404
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