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Cristobalite

Big Photo

Emmelberg Mt., Üdersdorf, Daun, Eifel Mts, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
© JDehove

Show Cristobalite Photos (30)
Formula:
SiO
 
2
System:TetragonalColour:Blue grey, brown, grey, ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:6 - 7
Name:Named after its locality (Cerro San Cristobal, Mexico)
Polymorph of:Coesite, Quartz, Stishovite, Tridymite


Post-volcanic, magmatic, and secondary.

Classification of Cristobalite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/D.01-30
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.DA.15

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
A : With small cations: Silica family
Dana 8th edition ID:75.1.1.1

75 : TECTOSILICATES Si Tetrahedral Frameworks
1 : Si Tetrahedral Frameworks - SiO2 with [4] coordinated Si
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.8.5

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
8 : Oxides of Si
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-1155.html
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Type Occurrence of Cristobalite

Type Locality:Cerro San Cristóbal, Mun. de Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
Year of Discovery:1887

Occurrences of Cristobalite

Geological Setting:In vesicles and lithophysae

Physical Properties of Cristobalite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:Blue grey, brown, grey, yellow, or white
Streak:White
Hardness (Mohs):6 - 7
Tenacity:Brittle
Density (measured):2.32 - 2.36 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.33 g/cm3

Crystallography of Cristobalite

Crystal System:Tetragonal
Class (H-M):4 2 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:P41 21 2
Cell Parameters:a = 4.9709(1) Å, c = 6.9278(2) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 1.394
Unit Cell Volume:V 171.18 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:4
Morphology:Pseudo octahedral crystals, commonly dendritic, spherulites.
Twinning:On {111}
Crystal Atlas:
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Cristobalite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Optical Data of Cristobalite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.487 nε = 1.484
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.003

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate

Chemical Properties of Cristobalite

Formula:
SiO
 
2
Essential elements:O, Si
All elements listed in formula:O, Si
Common Impurities:Fe,Ca,Al,K,Na,Ti,Mn,Mg,P

Relationship of Cristobalite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
4.DA.05Quartz
SiO
 
2
4.DA.05Seifertite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.10Opal
SiO
 
2
·nH
 
2
O
4.DA.10Tridymite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.20Mogánite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.25Melanophlogite
46SiO
 
2
·6(N
 
2
,CO
 
2
)·2(CH
 
4
,N
 
2
)
4.DA.30Lechatelierite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.35Coesite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.40Stishovite
SiO
 
2
4.DA.45Keatite
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
7.8.1Quartz
SiO
 
2
7.8.2Coesite
SiO
 
2
7.8.3Tridymite
SiO
 
2
7.8.4Stishovite
SiO
 
2
7.8.6Lechatelierite
SiO
 
2
7.8.7Silhydrite
3SiO
 
2
·H
 
2
O
7.8.8Opal
SiO
 
2
·nH
 
2
O
7.8.9Mogánite
SiO
 
2

Other Names for Cristobalite

Synonyms:
α-Cristobaliteb-CristobaliteLow CristobaliteLussatine
German names:
α-Cristobalitb-CristobalitCristobalitCristobalitchalcedonLussatit
Tiefcristobalit
Russian names:
Кристобалит
Spanish names:
α-Cristobalitab-CristobalitaCristobalitaLussatita

Other Information

Thermal Behaviour:Inverts from high cristobalite at 268C.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Cristobalite

Reference List:Murdoch, Joseph (1942), Crystallographic notes, cristobalite, stephanite, natrolite: Am. Min.: 27: 500-506.

Henderson, J.H., M.L. Jackson, J.K. Syers, R.N. Clayton & R.W. Rex (1971), Cristobalite Authigenic origin in relation to montmorillonite and quartz origin in bentonite: Clays and Clay Minerals: 19: 229-238.

Murata, K.J. & J.K. Nakata (1974), Cristobalite stage in the diagenesis of diatomaceous shale: Science: 184: 567-568.

Richet, P., Bottinga, Y., Deniélou, L., Petitet, J.P., and Téqui, C. (1982) Thermodynamic properties of quartz, cristobalite, and amorphous SiO2: drop calorimetry measurements between 1000 and 1800 K and a review from 0 to 2000 K. Geochimica et Cosmochmica Acta: 46: 2639-2658.

Internet Links for Cristobalite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Cristobalite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Cristobalite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Cristobalite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
     
    • Eastern Antarctica
      • Victoria Land
    Argentina
     
    • Jujuy
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Lavant valley
        • St Paul
          • Kollnitz
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Styria
      • Bad Gleichenberg
        • Klause
    		Aufschluss 1972(SB), 52-55
      • Bad Radkersburg
        • Klöch
    		Taucher, J. et al. (1989)
      • Graz
        • Wildon
          • Weitendorf
    		Aufschluss 1972(SB), 76-79
    Azerbaijan
     
    • Qobustan (Gobustan; Kobustan) Rayonu
      • Caspian Sea
    		Novgorodova M.I., Mamedov Yu.G.. Native aluminium from mud volcano at the Bulla island (caspian Sea), - Lithology and Mineral Resourses,1996,N4,p. 339-349
    Bolivia
     
    • Oruro Department
      • Carangas Province
    		Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    Brazil
     
    • North Region
      • Pará
        • São Geraldo do Araguaia
    		Revista Brasileira de Geociências, vol.30
    Bulgaria
     
    • Kardzali (Kurdzhali; Kărdžali; Kurdjali) Oblast
      • Rhodope Mts
    		Tschernich, 1992. Zeolites of the World
    Canada
     
    • Québec
      • Jacques Cartier Co.
        • Montréal
          • St. Michel District
    		Mineralogical Record (2006): 37: 5-60.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Bozhou Prefecture
        • Qiaocheng District
          • Xiaoyanzhuang
    		http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC99/pdf/1774.pdf / Lunar and Planetary Science XXX, J. C. Bridges et al.
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Taizhou Prefecture
        • Taizhou City
          • Sixiangkou
    		Lunar and Planetary Science, volume 27, page 1373
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Hradec Králové Region
        • Trutnov (Trautenau)
          • Radvanice
    		Jirásek, J.: Thermal Changes of the Rocks in the Dump Pile of the Kateřina Colliery in Radvanice (Eastern Bohemia). Ostrava: VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Geological Engineering - 541, 2001. 69 p.
      • Ústí Region
        • Most
    		Filippi, M.: Korozluky – pozoruhodná mineralogická lokalita Českého středohoří. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 2002, roč. 10, s. 320-322.
    Fiji
     
    • Viti Levu
      • Tavua Gold Field
        • Vatukoula
    		J.M. Boirat and J. Lum, Chron. Rech. Min., N° 486, 1987, pp 55-62, BRGM.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Le Puy-en-Velay
          • Espaly-Saint-Marcel
    		D. BARRIER, G. POURTIER & P. MEDARD, 2004, Minéralogie du Mont Denise (Haute-Loire), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, 83, pp 3-8
      • Puy-de-Dôme
        • Clermont-Ferrand
          • Cournon-d'Auvergne
    		Aimé Rudel : "Curiosités Géologiques d'Auvergne et du Velay", Editions Volcans, 1970
        • Pont-du-Château
          • Dallet
    		Aimé Rudel : "Curiosités Géologiques d'Auvergne et du Velay", Editions Volcans, 1970
    Aimé Rudel : "Curiosités Géologiques d'Auvergne et du Velay", Editions Volcans, 1970
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Vaucluse
        • Apt
    		F. Roulin et al. , 1986, 109, pp. 349-357.
    Germany
     
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Fichtelgebirge
          • Kemnath
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Maroldsweisach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Swabia
        • Nördlingen
          • Ries Crater
    		http://geosciences.smsu.edu/geology/FieldTrips/Ries/page5.html
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Waldeck
    		Pöllmann et al. (2007): Aufschluss 58, 227-233.
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Eschwege
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
      • Vogelsberg
        • Ortenberg
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
    International Association of Collectors of Slag
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Eifel Mts
        • Andernach
          • Eich
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
          • Nickenich
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
        • Daun
          • Oberstadtfeld
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München (2. Auflage), 1987
          • Schalkenmehren
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
          • Üdersdorf
    		Schäfer, H., Die Mineralien der Einschlüsse und Auswürflinge in den Schlacken des Emmelberges bei Üdersdorf / Eifel, Der Aufschluss 30, 273-282, 1979
    Hentschel, G., Die Minerale der Üdersdorfer Lava, Lapis, Weise Verlag, München, 11/1989
        • Hillesheim
          • Zilsdorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Kelberg
          • Drees
    		Schüller, W., Die Mineralien des Niveligsberges bei Drees in der Eifel, Der Aufschluß SB 33, 1990
        • Manderscheid
          • Bettenfeld
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Mayen
          • Ettringen
    		[Schottler, W., Der Ettringer Bellerberg, ein Vulcan des Laacher See-Gebietes, N. Jahrb., Beilage , Band XI, S. 554-662, 1898] [Lapis, 15 (5), 9-36]
          • Hochsimmer volcano
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
        • Mendig
          • Bell
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
          • Niedermendig
    		Brauns, R., Die Mineralien der Niederrheinischen Vulkangebiete, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1922
            • Wingertsberg Mt.
    		Blass, G., Emmerich, F., Graf, HW., Tschörtner, J., Minerale der Eifelvulkane, CD, published by authors, 2006
        • Niederzissen
          • Burgbrohl
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag München, 1983
          • Hannebach
    		Hentschel, G., Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane, Weise Verlag, München (2. Auflage), 1987
        • Polch
          • Ochtendung
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Lapis 1988(7+8), 70-72
      • Wolfstein
        • Königsberg Mt.
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Thuringia
      • Gera
        • Ronneburg U deposit
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    Hungary
     
    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
      • Zempléni Mts.
        • Erdőbénye
        • Sárospatak
    Indian Ocean
     
    • Ninety East Ridge (90° E Ridge; Indian Ridge)
      • D.S.D.P.
        • Leg 26
    		D. Besse et al. , Bell. Minéral. , 1981, 104, pp. 56-63.
    Israel
     
    Gross, S. (1977): The Mineralogy of the Hatrurim Formation, Israel. Geological Survey of Israel, Bulletin no. 70, 80 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Campania
      • Naples Province
        • Somma-Vesuvius Complex
    		Balassone, G., Franco, E., Mattia, C., Pulitti, R., 2004: Indialite in xenolithic rocks from Somma-Vesuvius volcano..., American Mineralogist, Vol. 89, 1-6
    • Latium
      • Latina Province
        • Ponza Island
    		E. Passaglia et al. , Eur. Journ. Mineral. , 1995, 7, pp. 429-438.
      • Viterbo Province
        • Vico Lake
    		No reference listed
    • Piedmont
      • Torino Province
        • Canavese District
          • Baldissero Canavese
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
        • Susa Valley
          • Casellette
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    • Tuscany
      • Livorno Province
    		Barsotti, G., & Nannoni, R. (2006). Rocce, minerali e miniere delle isole dell'Arcipelago Toscano. Pacini editore, 152 pp.
    • Veneto
      • Padova Province
        • Euganei Hills
          • Baone
    		Buscaroli C., Fassina, B., Sovilla, S., Tosato, F., & Dal Pozzo, C. (2007). Le fasi della silice nella trachite del Monte Cero (Colli Euganei, Padova). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 31 (1), 52-53.
    Japan
     
    • Hokkaido Island
      • Hidaka Province
        • Monbetsu (Mombetsu)
    		Fujiwara, T. (1994): Nihon-no-Koubutsu
      • Iburi Province
    		Africano & Bernard (2000), Jour. Volcanology & Geothermal Research: 97: 475-495.
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu region
        • Shizuoka prefecture
    		No reference listed
        • Yamanashi prefecture
    		No reference listed
    • Nansei Archipelago
      • Kagoshima Prefecture
    		S. Hamasaki (2002) Earth Planets Space 54, 217-229.
      • Okinawa Prefecture
    		Tiba, T. & Saito, Y. (1974); Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, 7:25-30
    Mexico
     
    • Durango
    		[AmMin 85:263]
      • Mun. de Coneto de Comonfort
        • Coneto de Comonfort
    		No reference listed
    • Hidalgo
      • Mun. de Pachuca
    		No reference listed
    • Michoacan
      • Mun. de Coalcomám
      • Tepoxtepec
    		Panczner(1987):172.
    Namibia
     
    • Khomas Region
      • Windhoek District
    		[AmMin 84:193]
    New Zealand
     
    • Bay of Plenty
    		http://www.mightyriver.co.nz/content/599/CR%202005-20%20-%20Geoscientific%20Review%20of%20Kawerau%20Geothermal%20Field.pdf
    • North Island
      • Northland
        • Kaipara
    		Mason, B. (1957): Larnite, scawtite, and hydrogrossular from Tokatoka, New Zealand. American Mineralogist 42, 379-392.
      • Waikato
        • Waihi
    		Simpson, Mauk, & Simmons, 2001, Hydrothermal Alteration and Hydrologic Evolution of the Golden Cross Epithermal Au-Ag Deposit, Economic Geology 96, pp773-796
    • South Island
      • Clutha-Central Otago
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    		M. Zelenski et al.: Am. Min. 91:21-28 (2006)
    No reference listed
    Active Volcanoes of Kamchatka, vol 2, p 140, S.A. Fedotov
      • Sakhalinskaya Oblast'
        • Maritime Province
          • Kuril Islands
            • Iturup Island
    		http://maurice.strahlen.org/kurilles/kurilles.htm
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • Kola Peninsula
    		www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm
          • Lovozero Massif
    		N.V. Chukanov, I.V. Pekov, A.E. Zadov, S.V. Krivovichev, P.C.Burns, Yu. Schneider (2001): Organovaite-Mn,K2Mn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4·6H2O, a new labuntsovite-group mineral from the Lovozero massif, Kola Peninsula. Zap. Vseross. Mineral. Obshch., 130(2), 46­53
    Saint Lucia
     
    • Choc
    		M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 203-211.
    • Grande Rivière Village
      • Morne Serpent hill
    		M. Le Guen de Kerneizon et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1982, 105, pp. 203-211.
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Javorie Mts
    		Rojkovičová,Ľ., 1982: Rudná mineralizácia v Javorí. Min.Slovaca, 14,5,461 – 470
      • Kremnica Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Ďuďa R., 1993 : Die mineralien der Gold und Silber - lagersttäte von Kremnitz ( Kremnica) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern,Nemecko/,5, s. 20 - 32
    Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
      • Poľana Mts
    		Ďuďa R., 1996: Slovenské opály. Minerál,Brno, IV, 4, 254 - 258
      • Štiavnica Mts
    		Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
      • Vtáčnik Mts
        • Žarnovica
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Košice Region
      • Čierna hora Mts
        • Družstevná pri Hornáde
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
      • Southern Slanské Mts
    		Pauliš P., Ďuďa R., 2002: Nejzajimavejší mineralogická nalezište Slovenska. Kuttna, Kutná Hora, 134p.
    Koděra, P., Rojkovičová, Ľ.,Košárková, M., 1998: Mineralógická správa lokality Byšta, Au-Ag. Manuscript, Archiv Geofond, Bratislava, 68 p
      • Southern Vihorlat Mts
        • Michalovce
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Bacsó,Z.,Ďuďa,R.,1988: Metalogenéza a rudné formácie rudného poľa Remetské Hámre. Min.Slovaca,Bratislava, 3, 193-220p
      • Zemplínske Mts
    		Kaličiak, M., Ďuďa, R., 1996: Geolgický vývoj, stavba a metalogenéza neovulkanitov na Východnom Slovensku. Manuskript, Archív Geofond, Bratislava, 83p
    • Nitra Region
      • Štiavnické Mts
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
        • Červenica (Czerwenitza)
          • Dubník
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
    Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Duda et all.,:Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
    Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
        • Vyšná Šebastová
    		Ďuďa,R., et al., 1981: Mineralógia severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovaca, Monografia 2, 98s
    Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
      • Northern Vihorlat Mts
    		Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
    South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Níjar
          • El Joyazo
    		lapis-2005-10-13
    The Moon
     
    • Apollo 14 Base (Fra Mauro)
    		Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV (2003) and XXXV (2004)
    Tunisia
     
    • Tataouine Governorate
      • Tataouine (Foum Tatahouine)
    		AmMin 87:1245
    UK
     
    • Northern Ireland
      • Co. Antrim
        • Portrush
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • Outer Hebrides
        • Rockall Island
    		B. Young et al. : "Bazirite, Ba Zr Si3 O9, a new mineral from Rockall Island, Inverness-shire, Scotland", Mineral. Mag., G.B., 1978, 42, 35-40
    USA
     
    • Alabama
      • Clarke Co.
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
      • Lowndes Co.
    		Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
    • Arizona
      • Mohave Co.
    		MRDS file #10056434.
      • Pima Co.
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 192, 402; Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 86, 108.
    • Arkansas
      • Garland Co.
        • Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)
          • Union Carbide Mine
    		R&M 70:3 pp 154-170
    R&M 70:3 pp 154-170
    • California
      • Inyo Co.
        • Coso Hot Springs
    		[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com]
      • Los Angeles Co.
        • Lang
    		mineralsocal.org
      • Riverside Co.
        • Crestmore
    		[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
      • Santa Clara Co.
        • San Antonio Valley
    		www.mineralsocal.org
    • Colorado
      • Chaffee Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
        • Nathrop
    		("Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997)
      • Conejos Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Grand Co.
        • Grand Lake District (Wolverine District)
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Mineral Co.
        • Creede District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
      • Ouray Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Rio Grande Co.
        • Jasper
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Florida
      • Polk Co.
        • Homeland
    		Denicourt, R., Micromounters of New England program, NE meeting program, May 1984
    • Georgia
      • Bibb Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Hawaii
      • Hawaii Co.
    		Dunham, K.C. (1933) The American Mineralogist, 18, 384. (from a Palache specimen at Harvard)
    • Massachusetts
      • Franklin Co.
        • Rowe
    		Cerato, A.. 2003: Mineralogical Study of Davis Mine, Rowe, MA, Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques
    • Mississippi
      • Tippah Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • Missouri
      • Camden Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
    • Nevada
      • Churchill Co.
        • Wild Horse District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Eureka Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Humboldt Co.
        • Opalite District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. Cristallo. , 1974, 97, p. 501.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Lander Co.
    		Rocks & Minerals, Nov. 1999
      • Mineral Co.
        • Borealis District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Pershing Co.
        • Lovelock
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Storey Co.
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Washoe Co.
        • Pyramid District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
        • Steamboat Springs District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Bull 70 Geology and Mineral Resources of Washoe and Storey Counties, Nevada
      • White Pine Co.
        • Robinson District
          • Ely
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Jersey
      • Middlesex Co.
    		AmMin 10:152-155
    • New Mexico
      • Bernalillo Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
      • Catron Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    NMGS 37th Field Conference
    NMGS 37th Field Conference
          • Sawmill Creek
    		NMGS 37th Field Conference
      • Cibola Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
      • Rio Arriba Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd rev. ed., 1996
      • Sandoval Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Jemez Sulfur District
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
        • Valle Grande
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Sierra Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    NMGS 37th Field Conference
    NMGS 37th Field Conference
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
      • Taos Co.
        • No Agua District
    		Ramon DeMark and Jessie Kline, New Mexico Mineral Symposium, November 2000
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • New York
      • Warren Co.
        • North Creek
    • Oregon
      • Douglas Co.
    		Micro Probe Volume X Number 2
      • Klamath Co.
    		Cavity Minerals At Summit Rock by Wallace D. Kleck, American Mineralogist Vol 55
      • Malheur Co.
    		U.S. Geological Survey, 2005, Mineral Resources Data System: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
    • South Dakota
      • Yankton Co.
    		SDSMT Bull 18 Roberts and Rapp "Mineralogy of the Black Hills"
    • Texas
      • Brewster Co.
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
      • Jeff Davis Co.
        • Davis Mts
    		R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
    • Utah
      • Juab Co.
    		R&M 73:3 p196-201
      • Millard Co.
        • Black Rock Desert
    		R&M 68:6 p381-393
      • Piute Co.
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Virginia
      • Highland Co.
        • Monterey
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
      • Prince William Co.
        • Manassas
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    • Washington
      • Skagit Co.
        • Mount Vernon
    		George E. Mustoe, Dan G. Vandenburg, and LaVaonda M. Vandenburg, "The Minerals of Walker Valley, Skagit County, Washington," Washington Geology, vol. 24, no. 1, March 1996, pp 22-29
      • Spokane Co.
    		Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.79
    • Wisconsin
      • Dodge Co.
        • Iron Ridge District (Neda Iron District)
    		Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998)
    • Wyoming
      • Johnson Co.
    		AmMin 72:137
      • Park Co.
    		AmMin 24:485; Tschernich, R. (1992): Zeolites of the World, 71, 72
    Mineral and/or Locality
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